The etiopathogenisis of breast cancer is very complex, its pathogenesis and development can not be completely elucidated by one-factor or multiple-factor model Epidemiologic studies indicate that deterio-ration of environment,changing of life style and dietary pattern and so on are common factors. It is of great sig-nificance to comprehend some known factors and high-risk factors which is helpful to prevention and early diag-nosis of breast cancer. The incidence and the mortality of breast cancer have fallen down due to screening and prophylactic therapy for high-risk population.

Entry of enveloped viruses into host cells requires fusion of the viral envelope with a cellular membrane. This step is mediated by viral glycoproteins that undergo a dramatic conformational change. Recent advances in structure and function of the fusion proteins of the class Ⅱ viruses, Rhabdoviruses and Herpesviruses were described. Proteomics computational analyses to locate the functional domain of fusion protein were introduced. The fusion proteins of class Ⅱ and class Ⅰ viruses differ radically in their initial structures but refold toward similar final conformation (trimer of hairpin). The Rhabdoviruses and Herpesviruses have a novel fold combining features of fusion proteins from class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ. The fusion proteins of these viruses have a different conformation change and mediate a different fusion process, therefore, the proteins belong to a novel class of fusion proteins. The potent inhibitor of virus entry should be new strategies for developing antiviral drugs.

A new method for simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of Zn, Cd and Hg using 2-(5-Br-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol as the color developing reagent was proposed. The absorption spectra of these three complexes have similar features with severe overlap in visible spectral range. For resolving these spectra, hybrid linear analysis was used, and the pure spectrum of each component was obtained from the calibration mixtures by least squares method. The effects of reaction condition, selection of wavelengths, determination of pure spectrum and additivity of absorbances etc. on the determination were discussed. The proposed method offers the advantages of simple, rapid, and accuracy. It has been successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of Zn, Cd and Hg in synthetic sample. A comparison was also made with the partial least squares method.

Hybrid linear analysis (HLA) was applied to resolution of overlapping spectra of Fe3+ -salicylfluorone and Al3+ -salicylfluorone complexes and simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of Fe3 + and Al3 + . The absorbance matrix of 7 standard mixtures at 41 measuring points ranged from the wavelength of 550 nm to 630 nm was used for calibration. To avoid the effect of interaction between the two components on the determination, the column vector of K matrix obtained from the standard mixtures with least squares was used as the pure spectrum of component. The recoveries of the two elements for the analysis of the synthetic samples were 93.3% ～ 107.5% in the range of the concentration ratio of Fe3+:Al3+ = 10:1 to 1:8. Comparing with the partial least squares (PLS) model,the HLA method was simple,accuracy and precise.

Objective To establish a standardized stroke aphasic depression questionnnaire hospital version (SADQ-H) in Chinese and to evaluate its reliability and validity in the application in patients with poststroke aphasia. Methods After acquiring the author's letter of attorney, we revised the English SADQ-H into Chinese version; the iupatients with poststroke aphasia who met the inclusion criteria were used as test group, and the patients without poststroke aphasia were used as control group; after evaluating the Aphasia Battery of Chinese (ABC), the test group was redivided into an auditory comprehension disorder group and a non-auditory comprehension disorder group; and all patients were assessed with SADQ-H by the trained health care workers.The patients in the non-auditory comprehension disorder group were evaluated by the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) arid the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). SADQ-H was retested in some patients 1 week later. Results The reliability test showed that the retested reliability was 0. 840, and internal consistency reliability Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.78; the validity test showed that the criterion validities were 0.590 (HAMD as criterion) and 0.495 (BDI as criterion). The accumulated variance contribution rate from factors of construct validity was 77. 123%. The discriminant validity was 2.078. Conclusions The SADQ-H in Chinese has favorable reliability and validity, and it can be used as an effective tool in the assessment of depression in patients with poststroke aphasia in China.

Thalidomide has anti-tumor effects such as anti-tumor angiogenesis,improvement of immune function and cachexia of patients with advanced tumors,which has been effectively used in elderly patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer,chemotherapy resistant advanced colorectal cancer,advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic breast cancer.As the in-depth study of the anti-tumor mechanism of thalidomide, more and more clinical researches have focused on the function of thalidomide on non-hematological malignan-cies,especially it has obtained some achivements in the postoperative adjuvant therapy for high-risk colorectal cancer and primary hepatocellular carcinoma and the salvage therapy for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer and refractory gynecological tumor.

Pterostilbene,a dimethyl ester derivative of resveratrol with antioxidant and antiproliferative properties,has been shown to inhibit a variety of primary tumors and act as a potential chemopreventive agent in carcinogenesis.The anticancer mechanisms of pterostilbene include inducing tumor cell apoptosis,causing cell cycle arrest,blocking tumor cell growth and proliferation signal transduction.Pterostilbene is expected to develop to a new generation of anticancer drug,and will be paid more attention in the future.

It has been shown that the PIK3CA mutation in HER2 positive breast cancer is up to 25%, and thus activates PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,promotes HER2 mediated tumor cell epithelial transformation, alters the intrinsic phenotype of HER2 overexpression breast cancer,and finally leads to resistance to anti HER2 targeted therapy.Some studies have shown that the PIK3CA gene mutation is associated with the efficacy of anti-HER2 targeted therapy.Therefore,real-time monitoring of PIK3CA gene mutation will promote indivi-dualized anti-HER2 targeted therapy.

The development of primary or acquired taxane resistance inevitably becomes to be the main problem.Ixabepilone is effective in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients including those heavily pretreated or resistant to taxanes.Eribulin has been used for the treatment of MBC patients who have received at least two prior chemotherapy regimens.New microtubule-targeting agents are promising to be effective options for patients progressing after standard taxane-containing chemotherapy.

Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) has distinct biological and clinical characteristics. Therapeutic strategies for TNBC remain a challenge. Studies about epidemiology,molecular characteristics,chemotherapy and targeted-therapy are ongoing,In particular,preliminary results of stage II or III clinical trials indicate new chemotherapy or combination targeted therapy may have a good efficacy.