Objective To investigate the infection situation and the gene subtype distribution characteristics of human papilloma-virus(HPV)in Fengxian District of Shanghai to provide the reliable scientific basis for preventing HPV infection and the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.Methods The PCR combined with reverse dot-blot technique was adopted to analyze the HPV de-tection results among 18 194 women in our hospital from February 2011 to October 2013.Results Among 18 194 cases of sample, 2 986 cases were HPV positive with the total HPV infection rate of 16.41%,in which 21 genotypes were all detected out.Single HPV genotype infection was in 2714 cases,two kinds of HPV genotype infection were in 148 cases(4.96%)and three kinds or more of HPV genotype infection were in 124 cases.The HPV positive rate was 16.88% in the outpatient and 12.76% in the inpa-tients.In the HPV infection,the high-risk type was more than the low-risk type,its detection number was 7.5 times of low-risk type.Most of the high-risk HPV infection were HPV16,52,58;most of the low-risk HPV infection was HPV cp8304,followed by HPV6 and HPV11.Conclusion The HPV prevalence in Fengxian District is generally in line with the Asian population distribution rule,but has its own unique regional characteristics.The infection age peak is 51-65 years old.The high-risk type infection is high-er than the low-risk type infection,which is dominated by the single genotype infection.

Objective To investigate the distribution and variation trend of whole-blood Ca,Cu,Zn,Fe and Mg concentrations of children in fengxian district,Shanghai,and provide a reference for prevention of elements deficiency in children.Methods 2 219 children in outpatient department of pediatrics were enrolled in the study,who reccieved the tests for five kinds of elements(Ca, Mg,Fe,Cu,Zn)in whole blood by using atomic absorption spectrometer.The children were divided into 5 age groups:infancy group (1-<12 months old),toddler age group(1 -<3 years old),preschool age group(3 -<7 years old),school age group(7 -<12 years old)and adolescence group(12-18 years old).The distributions and variation trend of the 5 kinds of elements were analyzed among different age and gender groups.Results The deficiencies of Ca,Fe and Zn were common in all the age groups,the total defi-ciency rates of Ca,Fe and Zn were 19.51%,22.08% and 25.82% respectively.there was no significant difference between boys and girls(P >0.05).Differences among different age groups were statistically significant(P <0.05).The Average concentrations of Zn displayed increasing tendency of different degrees in different groups of children,other elements displayed no obvious variation trend.Conclusion Children′s Zn,Fe and Ca deficiencies in Fengxian District,Shanghai are in different degrees,regular determina-tion of calcium and trace elements should be performed and take supplementary measures as soon as possible.

Objective To investigate the radiosensitization effects of the combination treatment of clioquinol (CQ) and zinc on human cervical cell line HeLa in vitro.Methods Cells were divided into the 4 groups:controls,drug,radiation,and combined drug and radiation group.Cytotoxic effect of CQ and zinc on cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay.Radiosensitization effect of CQ and zinc on HeLa cells was detected by colongenic assay,and the single-hit multi-target model was used to stimulate the doseresponse curve of survival and to calculate radiosensitization parameters.The cell cycle and apoptosis of HeLa cells were analyzed with flow cytometry.Luciferase reporter assay was used to study NF-κB activity of HeLa cells.Results The combination of CQ and zinc inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner (F =188.00,P ＜ 0.01).The mean lethal dose was 3.16 and 2.04 Gy for radiation group and combined drug and radiation group,respectively,and hence the SER was 1.55.Compared with the radiation group,the ratio of G2-phase cells in the combined drug and radiation group decreased(t =10.39,P ＜ 0.05),the apoptosis rate increased at 24 h post-irradiation (t =5.64,P ＜ 0.01),and the NF-κB activity decreased (t =21.42,P ＜ 0.05).Compared to the control group,the NF-κB activity increased in the radiation group(t=6.23,P＜0.05),but decreased in the drug group(t =12.48,P＜0.05).Conclusions The combination of CQ and zinc could increase the radiosensitivity of HeLa cells by decreasing the ratio of G2-phase cells,increasing apoptosis and the inhibiting of NF-κB activity.

Objective: To analyze the influence of atmospheric particulate matters (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) on low-birth-weight (LBW) infants at different periods of gestation. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search for 2 471 articles related to particulate matter and LBW published from January 1st 2000 to January 1st 2016 using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Science Direct, Chinese Web of Knowledge, Wanfang and Weipu, and the keywords were" air pollution" , "adverse birth outcomes" , "adverse pregnancy outcomes" , "low birth weight/LBW" . According to criteria, 27 literatures were selected and included. Metafor package of the R 3.1.1 Software was used to check the heterogeneity and merge the effect value of the selected literatures, and sensitivity analysis and publication bias were detected and adjusted. Results: A total of 2 471 studies selected form the databases, 27 enrolled in this analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each 10 μg/m³ increase in PM_2.5 was associated with combined OR values of 1st trimester, 2nd trimester, 3rd trimester and entire gestation at 1.02(95% CI: 0.87-1.19), 1.03 (95% CI: 0.91-1.16) , 1.07 (95%CI: 1.04-1.11) and 1.09 (95%CI: 1.04-1.15), respectively. And 10 μg/m³ increase in PM₁₀ was associated with combined OR values of 1st trimester, 2nd trimester, 3rd trimester and entire gestation at 1.66 (95%CI: 1.06-2.61), 1.58 (95%CI:1.28-1.95) , 1.38 (95%CI: 1.23-1.56) and 1.04 (95%CI: 0.99-1.09), respectively. After adjusting the bias of publication, each 10 μg/m³ increase in PM_2.5 was associated with the risk of low birth weight at 1.11 (95%CI: 1.02-1.21). Conclusion This meta analysis supports an adverse impact of maternal exposure to particulate air pollution on low birth weight, varying in effects by exposure period.

Objective: To investigate the effect of exposure to particulate matter ≤10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM₁₀) on sperm quality in different stages of sperm development. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1 827 patients attending the reproductive medicine center in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University during April 2013 to January 2015. Air pollution data from January 2013 to January 2015 was obtained from the database of Wuhan Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau. The generalized linear model was employed to assess the association between each exposure variables and sperm parameters for several exposure windows (0-9, 10-14, 15-69, 70-90, 0-90 days before sampling) . Results: The average levels of PM₁₀ was (116.2±71.6) μg/m³ during the research period. Sperm volume was (75.4±49.1) ×10⁶/ml in sample population, (29.4±16.2) % in progressive motility and (51.8±21.6) % in total motility. Exposure to PM₁₀ was inversely associated with sperm concentration (β:-0.319; 95%CI:-0.529,-0.046) during 70-90 lag days. PM₁₀ exposure during the 0-90 lag days was significantly associated with progressive motility (β:-0.312; 95%CI:-0.527,-0.097) and total motility (β:-0.347; 95%CI:-0.636,-0.059) after adjusted for age, education level, BMI, smoking, abstinence time, temperature, humidity and season. Conclusion Exposure to PM₁₀ was associated with statistically significant decrements in sperm concentration and motility, and the adverse impact on sperm concentration was significantly in early phases of spermatogenesis.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of exposure to ozone (O₃) on sperm quality during different stages of spermatogenesis. Methods: All 1 780 subjects attending to the Reproductive Medicine Center in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were recruited from April, 4, 2013 to June, 30, 2015. The subjects were living in Wuhan more than 3 months before attending to the program, aged 20 to 40 years. Semen quality (sperm concentration and sperm count) were measured according to standardized protocols. Corresponding daily 8 hours average concentration of O₃, other polluted concentration, average temperature and relative humidity were collected in different time, including lag 0, 10, 70 and 90 d, and lag 0-9 d, lag 10-14 d, lag 70-90 d and lag 0-90 d. After controlling the age, BMI, education level and other confounders, generalized linear Model was used to investigate the association between O₃ and sperm quality during different stages of spermatogenesis. Results: Average daily concentration of O₃ during the study period was (114.20±74.88) μg/m³ and the mean values of sperm concentration and count were (76.32±50.17) millions/ml and (164.77 ± 133.05) millions/sample, respectively. Exposure to O₃ was associated with decreasing sperm concentration and count. For every 1 μg/m³ increase of O₃, the decrease of sperm concentration during lag 10, lag 0-9 and lag 10-14 days exposure windows were 0.040 (95%CI: 0.004-0.077) millions/ml, 0.081 (95% CI: 0.003-0.158) millions/ml and 0.059 (95% CI: 0.001-0.116) millions/ml, respectively. And the decrease of sperm count during lag 10, lag 0-9 days exposure windows were 0.105 (95%CI: 0.008-0.202) millions/sample and 0.221 (95% CI: 0.016-0.426) millions/sample. After stratification, in the ozone concentration ₅₀ and ≥P₅₀ groups, and the number of subjects in each exposure windows (lag 0-9, lag 10-14, lag 70-90, lag 0-90 days) were 887 and 893, 890 and 890, 895 and 885, 889 and 891, respectively. Compared with the high ozone concentration group, the effects of low group were more obvious. Furthermore, the effects of low concentration group was the most obvious during lag 10-14 days, for every 1 μg/m³ increase of O₃, the decrease of sperm concentration was 0.249 (95% CI: 0.028-0.470) millions/ml. After sensitivity analysis, the effects of exposure to ozone on sperm concentration and sperm count remained relatively unchanged. Conclusion Our study suggested that exposure to O₃ was significantly associated with decreasing semen quality in Wuhan. Moreover, the effects were more obvious during lag 0-9 and lag 10-14 days.

Objective:To investigate the level of self-compassion among residents and related influencing factors, and to help them improve self-compassion ability, achieve learning goals, and increase the degree of satisfaction with learning.Methods:In July 2022, the random sampling method was used to select 330 residents (postgraduate students majoring in clinical medicine after national unified recruitment) from two grade A tertiary hospitals in Shenyang of Liaoning province in China, and Self-Compassion Scale was used for investigation. SPSS software was used to analyze the degree of satisfaction with industry, learning pressure, the balance between learning and life, and occupational burnout among residents and their association with the level of self-compassion through the chi-square test, the one-way analysis of variance, and the multilevel regression analysis.Results:The residents had a mean self-compassion score of (40.90±6.81), and the residents of the second grade had a lower level of self-compassion than those of the other grades. Major satisfaction and balance between learning and life were positively correlated with self-compassion, and occupational burnout was negatively correlated with self-compassion.Conclusion:There is a relatively insufficient level of self-compassion among residents, and improving self-compassion level may effectively regulate occupational burnout, professional satisfaction, and the balance between learning and life, thereby helping to improve learning and mental health.

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) blocking therapy has become a major pillar of cancer immunotherapy. Compared with antibodies targeting, small-molecule checkpoint inhibitors which have favorable pharmacokinetics are urgently needed. Here we identified berberine (BBR), a proven anti-inflammation drug, as a negative regulator of PD-L1 from a set of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) chemical monomers. BBR enhanced the sensitivity of tumour cells to co-cultured T-cells by decreasing the level of PD-L1 in cancer cells. In addition, BBR exerted its antitumor effect in Lewis tumor xenograft mice through enhancing tumor-infiltrating T-cell immunity and attenuating the activation of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T-cells (Tregs). BBR triggered PD-L1 degradation through ubiquitin (Ub)/proteasome-dependent pathway. Remarkably, BBR selectively bound to the glutamic acid 76 of constitutive photomorphogenic-9 signalosome 5 (CSN5) and inhibited PD-1/PD-L1 axis through its deubiquitination activity, resulting in ubiquitination and degradation of PD-L1. Our data reveals a previously unrecognized antitumor mechanism of BBR, suggesting BBR is small-molecule immune checkpoint inhibitor for cancer treatment.

Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) cascade is an effective therapeutic target for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Targeting PD-L1/PD-1 axis by small-molecule drug is an attractive approach to enhance antitumor immunity. Using flow cytometry-based assay, we identify tubeimoside-1 (TBM-1) as a promising antitumor immune modulator that negatively regulates PD-L1 level. TBM-1 disrupts PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and enhances the cytotoxicity of T cells toward cancer cells through decreasing the abundance of PD-L1. Furthermore, TBM-1 exerts its antitumor effect in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and B16 melanoma tumor xenograft