OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antibacterial activities of cefoperazone combined with sulbactam against Gram negative bacteria,and compare with other antimicrobial agents.METHODS The antibacterial activities of 10 frequently used antibiotics against 1 670 strains of clinical isolated Gram negative bacteria were studied by using agar dilution methods according to the NCCLS 2002.RESULTS The results showed imipenem was the most active tested against Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae,followed by cefoperazone-(sulbactam),which had similar activities as imipenem against the non-fermentative strains such as Pseudononas aeruginosa,and Acinetobacter spp,but cefoperazone-(sulbactam) had higher susceptibility to imipenem-(resistant) Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.CONCLUSIONS Cefoperazone-sulbactam has good and broad spectrum(antibacterial) activities especially against Gram negative(bacteria,) and is expected to have a bright prospect in the treatment of severe hospital infections induced by Gram negative bacteria.

Objective To evaluate the evidence and recommendations of the relevant clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of stroke published in the last five years. Methods The stroke and guideline-related key words and free words domestic computer retrieval platforms(China biomedical literature database,CNKI,and Yimaitong etc.),as well as foreign platforms(PubMed,NGC,GIN,etc.) were retrieved.The retrieval time limit ranged from January 2012 to May 2017.Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Ⅱ(AGREE Ⅱ)was used to assess the quality of the guidelines. Results A total of 9 490 documents were retrieved preliminarily and finally 16 articles were included. The average scoring rates of the 16 guidelines in the 6 fields of AGREE Ⅱ,including the scope and purpose,participants,rigor of the formulation,clarity of expression,applicability,and independence of the editors were 66.3%, 27.4%,23.0%,53.9%,18.8%,and 0%,respectively.The different guidelines all recommend that internal endarterectomy or carotid balloon dilatation and carotid artery stenting are used to extracranial carotid stenosis,while the treatment of vertebral artery stenting is recommended for extracranial vertebral artery stenosis.However,the intravascular interventional therapy is not recommended for intracranial arterial stenosis.The perioperative period of ischemic stroke intravascular intervention need to pay attention to the application of anti-platelet aggregation,anticoagulation,blood pressure,blood glucose,blood lipid management,and postoperative monitoring. For postoperative stent restenosis,especially after vertebral artery stenting,the guidelines recommend using drug-eluting stents,however,the dosage of heparin in intraoperative anticoagulation is still controversial.The intracranial aneurysm guidelines are more recommended for interventional therapy.The cerebral hemorrhage in different regions is recommended for different surgical procedures. Conclusions The guidelines in this field can reflect the key problems in clinical practice and keep up with the international concept.However,the quality of the methodology of the guidelines development needs to be improved. Some of them need to be updated and the recommendations should refer more evidence of the Chinese population.

OBJECTIVETo explore the immuno-effect of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) on bacteria infection induced spontaneous remission (SR) of leukemia.

METHODSBoth pDC and myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) were isolated and purified from leukemic patient with SR and healthy donor by combination of immunomagnetic beads and flow cytometry. pDC were cultured in RPMI1640 medium and stimulated with different bacteria. The T cells proliferation was detected by MTT, and cytokine production by ELISA kits.

RESULTSThe human bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa stimulation for 48 h resulted in the maturation of pDC with production of high quantity of IFN-α at (15.34 ± 2.91) ng/ml and (10.38 ± 1.41) ng/ml, respectively, comparing with that of negative group at (1.36 ± 0.13) ng/ml (P<0.01). Activated pDC could promote the differentiation of naive CD4⁺ T cells to Th1 cells with secretion of IFN-γ at (2.16 ± 0.37) ng/ml and (2.73 ± 1.11) ng/ml, respectively, comparing with that of positive control at (2.55 ± 0.23) ng/ml (P > 0.05). Activated pDC showed higher T cell stimulatory capacities [proliferation index (PI) was 4.36 and 4.05, respectively] than that of non-activated pDC (PI was 1.23 and 0.13, respectively) (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONStaphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa activated pDC may play a key role in SR of leukemia following severe infections.

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; Leukemia ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; immunology ; Remission, Spontaneous ; Staphylococcus aureus ; immunology