After Katong Tablets(the equivalent dosage of over two times of adult daily administra- tion)were infused into the animal stomach for successive 10 days,it could strongly improve the increase of blood rheology of rat induced by adrenaline plus ice water or of rat with the deficiency of vital energy and blood stasis induced by swimming in successive days,and sig- nificantly strengthen the malformation ability of red cells of senile rat,inhibit the vitro circu- lation thrombosis of arteria carotis and jugular vein of normal rats,decrease the aggregate function of thrombocyte of rabbit induced by ADP.It showed the similar action strength with the control drug Kanlan Tablets.

For the existing measurement methods of residual voltage which can't turn the power off at peak voltage exactly and simultaneously display waveforms, a new residual voltage detection method is put forward in this paper. First, the zero point of the power supply is detected with zero cross detection circuit and is inputted to a single-chip microcomputer in the form of pulse signal. Secend, when the zero point delays to the peak voltage, the single-chip microcomputer sends control signal to power off the relay. At last, the waveform of the residual voltage is displayed on a principal computer or oscilloscope. The experimental results show that the device designed in this paper can turn the power off at peak voltage and is able to accurately display the voltage waveform immediately after power off and the standard deviation of the residual voltage is less than 0.2 V at exactly one second and later.
Electric Power Supplies ; Equipment Design ; Microcomputers ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

OBJECTIVE:To provide guidance for pharmacists to adopt a right method in participating in clinical drug treatment work.METHODS:In participating in clinical drug treatment work,pharmacists identified physicians’ drug treatment schemes by sticking to Guiding Principle of Clinical Use of Antibacterials and made remarks on the evaluation results.RES-ULTS & CONCLUSION:Through participating in clinical medical quality ward round,pharmacists can bring their professional advantages into full play,timely find out problems existed in the clinic drug treatment,guide clinical rational drug use,and play a key role in promoting drug treatment.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the safety of Chitosan DCX-16elementarily.METHODS:DCX-16was injected i.p.to observe the acute toxicity in mice.The local irritating effects were observed on tolerance test,cerato-conjunctiva and muscles stimulus test in rabbits.The cell shape and proliferative rate of3T3cells were determinated by MTT in cell culture with DCX-16.RESULTS:It showed that DCX-16had no irritation on the eyes and muscles in rabbits.Tolerance dose of DCX-16in mice was as high as3.0g/kg per day.Cell culture with DCX-16demonstrated that3T3cell's shape and growth were normal.The relative growth rate of3T3cells had no statistical difference between control and DCX-16groups on the2nd,3rd,4th day.CONCLUSION:DCX-16is safe.

Objective To investigate the serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels in sepsis caused by the bacteria,virus and mycoplasma and explore the role of PCT in etiology diagnosis of sepsis in children.Methods Three hundreds and thirty critically ill children with sepsis caused by bacteria,virus and mycoplasma admitted in PICU of Hunan Children' s Hospital from Feb 1,2011 to Sep 1,2012 were reviewed and analyzed.The PCT levels were measured at admission and day 3.The differences in accidence of sepsis caused by bacteria,viruses and mycoplasma according to different serum PCT levels were analyzed.The differences of PCT levels at admission and day 3 in sepsic children caused by bacteria,viruses and mycoplasma were analyzed.Results The level of serum PCT in sepsis caused by bacterial infection were distinctly increased,caused by virus and mycoplasma infections was not obvious but the increases of serum PCT [0.71 (8.14)ng/ml,0.15 (1.68) ng/ml,0.28 (1.89) ng/ml].According to various PCT levels(0.05 ～ ng/ml,0.5 ～ng/ml,2 ～ ng/ml,10 ～ 300 ng/ml),the differences of accidence of sepsis caused by bacteria,virus and mycoplasma were also statistically significant(x2 =84.50,P ＜ 0.01).The PCT level of septic children caused by bacterial infection in day 3 was significantly decreased compared with that at admission [0.32 (5.68) ng/ml vs 0.71 (8.14) ng/ml] (U =19.34,P ＜0.05).Conclusion PCT plays a certain role in etiology diagnosis of sepsis in children.The increased PCT levels which can be reduced by anti-inflammatory treatment indicate the likelihood of bacterial infection and sepsis.The increase of PCT induced by viral and mycoplasma infections is not obvious,but bacterial infection can not be completely ruled out.

BACKGROUND:Because macrophages play an important role in the body’s inflammatory response, the detection of the impact of biological materials on the behavior of macrophages can assess the immunogenicity of materials. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the activation effect of decelularized extracelular matrix materials on macrophages. METHODS: The peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mouse were obtained and cultured by dividing into five groups. Control group was simple cel culture group, experimental group 1 was acelular matrix membrane material directly contacting with macrophage for culture, experimental group 2 was fresh pericardial material directly contacting with the macrophage for culture, experimental group 3 was acelular matrix membrane material indirectly contacting with macrophages for culture, experimental group 4 was fresh pericardium material indirectly contacting with macrophages for culture. After 24 hours of culture, the secretion of nitric oxide and cytokines in cel culture supernatant was determined. After 48 hours of culture, the absorbance value was determined by MTT method and the toxicity grading was determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The toxicity grading in experimental groups 1-4 was respectively grades 2, 4, 0, 2. The nitric oxide level in experimental groups 1 and 2 was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and the nitric oxide level in the experimental group 2 was higher than that in the experimental group 1 (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in interleukin-2, interleukin-4,interferon γ, interleukin-17A and interleukin-10 levels between these five groups. The interleukin-6 level in the experimental group 2 was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05); The expression levels of tumor necrosis factors in experimental group 1, 2 and 4 were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), and experimental group 2 higher than the experimental group 1 (P < 0.05), experimental group 1 higher than the experimental group 4 (P < 0.05). These results show that acelular matrix material can activate macrophages in direct contact.

Objective To investigate the influence of acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) on pharmacodaynamics of cisatracurium in patients undergoing general anesthesia. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 18-60 yr scheduled for major abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into 2 groups (n = 30 each): control group and AHH group. Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups according to the initial dose of cisatracurium (30, 40, 50 μg/kg) . The radial artery and right internal jugular vein were cannulated. BP, HR, CVP, SpO_2, P_(ET) CO_2 and body temperature were continuously monitored. The response of left adductor pollicis muscle to TOF stimulation of ulna nerve was monitored using TOF- Watch~R SX (Organon). Both groups received 10 ml/kg multiple electrolyte solution (plasma-Lyte A) during induction of anesthesia. In group AHH 15 ml/kg 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 solution was infused via internal jugular vein over 30-40 min in addition to plasma-Lyte A. Five minutes after completion of plasma-Lyte A or HES, cisatracurium 30, 40 or SO fig/kg was injected iv in the respective subgroups. After the maximal T_1 block was achieved, the second dose was given to reach a total dose of 100 μg/kg. The onset time, duration of clinical action, total duration of action and recovery index were recorded. The doses for 50% , 90% and 95% T_1 depression (ED_(50), ED_(90), ED_(95)) were calculated by Probit method. Results The ED_(50), ED_(90), ED_(95) of cisatracurium were significantly higher in AHH group than in control group. The onset time of cisatracurium was significantly longer but clinical and total duration of action was significantly shorter in AHH group than in control group. There was no significant difference in recovery index between the two groups. Conclusion AHH can decrease the potency of cisatracurium.

By means of literature review of existing laws and regulations,an analysis was made on main setbacks found in the clinical trials and regulation of medical devices in China.The authors proposed to enact and improve such laws and regulations as soon as possible.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and treatment method for no midline shift-severe craniocerebral trauma accompanied with post-traumatic acute diffuse brain swelling (PADBS).Methods 60 PADBS patients were randomly divided into conservative treatment group and operation group,30 patients in each group.The operation group was treated with intracranial pressure monitoring by implantation of the probe and decompressive craniectomy,while the conservative treatment group received conservative treatment.The postoperative recovery was observed.Results The GCS scores of operation group postoperative 7d and 15d were (11.21 ± 2.24) and (12.88 ±2.31),which were obviously higher than (7.47 ± 1.51) and (8.19 ± 1.28) of the conservative treatment group (t =2.215,2.321,all P ＜ 0.05).Postoperative long-term follow-up results indicated that,according to GOS score,63.3％ patients in the operation group recovered well,which was significantly higher than 26.7％ in the conservative treatment group.While the percent of patients with coma or dead was 6.7％ and 10.0％ in the operation group,which were significantly lower than the conservative treatment group (x2 =15.721,4.172,3.84,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In general,PADBS could not be cured easliy,the operation methods of using intracranial pressure monitoring and decompressive craniectomy based on conservative treatment could help to evaluate the trauma objectivly,detect the changes of disease earlier,treat in time and assess the prognosis accurately,all which would reduce the mortality.

ObjectiveTo explore the molecular epidemiological characteristics of group A rotavirus diarrhea in children in Shanghai and to provide the background data for the implementation of rotavirus vaccination.MethodsA total of 910 stool samples were collected from the outpatient children with acute diarrhea from August 2008 to July 2009.Group A rotavirus was detected by usingcommercial colloidal gold device.Rotavirus strains were characterized for G and P genotypes using the nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).ResultsGroup A rotavirus was detected in 268(29.4％) out of 910 stool samples.Rotavirus infection was found year-round and the peak season was from October 2008 to January 2009,with the detection rates ranging from 38.3 ％ to 70.5％.Ninety-one percent of children (244 cases) with rotavirus-associated diarrhea occurred in children ＜3 years of age.The detection rate of rotavirus was highest (36.6％) in children aged 12-23 months.Among the 268 group A rotavirus-positive strains,G1 was the most common G genotype (65 strains),accounting for 24.3％,followed by G3 (40 strains,14.9％),G mixed genotypes (37strains,13.8 ％),G2 (27 strains,10.1％),G9 (14 strains,5.2％),G4(5 strains,1.9％),other G types (5 strains,1.9％),and unclassified G type (75 strains,28.0％).P[8] and P[4] were the most common P genotypes,accounting for 54.9％ (147 strains) and 11.9％ (32 strains),respectively,followed by P mixed genotypes (6 strains,2.2％) and other P genotypes (4 strains,1.5％),unclassified P type (79 strains,29.5％).The G/P genotype combinations were found as follows:G1P [8] (13.4％),G3P[8] (13.4％),GmixP[8] (10.1％),G1P[4] (8.2％),G9P[8] (2.2％),G2P [4] (1.9％),G1Pmix (1.9％).ConclusionsGroup A rotavirus is a major causative agent of diarrhea in infants and young children in Shanghai.The peak season of rotavirus infection appears in fall and winter.The currently licensed rotavirus vaccines cover the majority of genotypes of rotavirus strains prevailing in Shanghai.