Objective To investigate the changes in Toll-like re ceptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differential protein-2 (MD-2) gene expression in t he liver of septic rats, and to elucidate the relationship between the expressio n of TLR4/MD-2 mRNA and TNF? mRNA. Methods Sepsis model was reproduced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (5mg/kg). 80 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control and 1h, 2h, 6h after LPS in jection (20 rats for each group). Rats were sacrificed at different time points, and the expression of TLR4/MD-2 mRNA and TNF-? mRNA in the liver was measure d by RT-PCR. Results The expressions of TLR4/MD-2 mRNA and TN F-? mRNA were up-regulated, peaking 1h after LPS injection, and then declined gradually 2~6h after LPS challenge. The expressions at every time point were hi gher than that in control group (P

ObjectiveTo observe the changes of expression of aquaporin-1(AQP-1)and AQP-4 in drowned and postmortem immersed rats’lungs.MethodsThirty healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into drowning group, postmortem immersion group and cervical dislocation group. The morpho-logical changes of rats’lungs were observed using HE staining. The mRNA and protein expressions of AQP-1 and AQP-4 in rats’lungs were detected by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, respectively.ResultsThe results of immunohistochemistry and the Western blotting showed that the protein expression of AQP-1 of the drowning group was higher than the postmortem immersion group and the cervical dislocation group(P<0.05). The result of immunohistochemistry showed that the protein expression of AQP-4 of the drowning group was higher than the postmortem immersion group and the cervical dislocation group(P<0.05)while no difference were detected among the three of them by Western blotting(P>0.05). The mRNA expressions of AQP-1 and AQP-4 in rats’lungs of the drown-ing group was significantly higher than the postmortem immersion group(P<0.05).ConclusionThe in-crease of mRNA and protein expressions of AQP-1 and AQP-4 in lungs of rats with cute lung injury of the drowning group would be useful for differentiating vital drowning from postmortem immersion.

With the improvement of living conditions,people pay more attention to food sanitation,following which the incidence rate of food allergy is higher and higher.Food allergy threatens public health seriously.It is caused mainly by dominance of T helper type 2-based immune responses,which breaks the dynamic balance of Th1/Th2 immune responses and resultes in over secreting of IL-4,IL-5 and IL-13,production of specific antibody IgE,degranulation of mast cells,alteration of intestinal microflora and so on.At present,a lot of investigations have been reported,of which the probiotics therapy attracted more attention.As the indigenous flora,probiotics could not only prevent and treat food allergy but could also modulate immune responses and recover the dynamic balance of it via secreation of cytokines such as IFN-?,IL-10,TGF-?.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for prevention of nosocomial drug-induced liver injury(DILI),early diagnosis of DILI and appropriate disposal of DILI.METHODS:4 975 medical records were randomly collected from a grade three class A hospital during 2008～2009.The incidence of DILI,hospitalization costs,extended time of hospital stay and prevention of DILI were analyzed retrospectively and economic evaluation was carried out.RESULTS:DILI occurred in 63 cases with the incidence rate of 1.27%.Among these cases,10 cases(15.87%) were preventable.For each DILI,average increased medical cost was 3 220.26 yuan and average extended time of hospital stay was 4.38 d.For the preventable DILI,the average increased medical cost was 6 239.85 yuan,and average extended time of stay was 8.30 d.The top 3 drugs which caused liver injury were anti-infective drugs(including antitubercular agent,41.27%),antineoplastic agents(28.57%) and cardiovascular drugs(7.94%).Types of DILI were as follows:live cell injury accounted for 65.08%,cholestasis accounted for 25.40%,and mixed type accounted for 9.52%.CONCLUSION:DILI is characterized with high incidence rate among patients and high medical cost.Some of DILI cases are preventable.Therefore,There is advantage both in clinical and economic aspects to reduce the incidence rate of preventable DILI by emphasizing rational use of drugs.

Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT)is an important way of hepatitis B virus (HBV)transmission.Blocking the HBV MTCT has a great significance for the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B.This article reviews the current blocking strategies implemented in the antepar-tum,peripartum,and postpartum stages,and summarizes the controversies existing in the blocking strategies in different stages.The significance of HBV occult infection and germ cell transmission in the HBV MTCT is analyzed.The results indicate that the current strategies for the prevention of hepatitis B MTCT need further improvement.Attentions should be focused on HBV occult infection and germ cell transmission.

Objective To investigate the effects of endotoxin on the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB in myocardium, and to explore the molecular mechanism of acute myocardial injury. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=10), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 1h, 2h, 6h groups (n=10 for each group). In the latter two groups, LPS was injected into the peritoneal cavity. Tissue samples from the myocardium were collected to determine NF-?B activation by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and the mRNA expression of TNF-? was measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with GAPDH as internal standard. Results The activation of NF-?B (2.173?0.063) and TNF-? mRNA expression (0.292?0.031) could be detected in myocardium in very low values in normal control group rats, while both the activation and expression were up-regulated markedly after LPS challenge, and peaked 2 hours afterwards (37.793?4.785 and 1.182?0.146, respectively). They were down-regulated (17.910?3.791 and 0.901?0.128, respectively) 6 hours after LPS challenge. Compared to normal controls, both NF-?B activity and TNF-? mRNA expression were significantly elevated at various time points following LPS stimulation (all P

Objective To investigate the association of insulin dose with clinical factors of type 2 diabetes. Methods We reviewed the data of 214 type 2 diabetic patients who received insulin regimens.We compared the insulin dose and period at the targeted blood glucose levels among 6 groups according to different type of oral hypoglycemic agents. Results There existed statistically significant correlations of the glucose-targeted insulin dose with course,FPG,BMI,combination therapy with oral hypoglycemic agent(P<0.1,test level P=0.1).Merely metformin failure group took less insulin than the group admitted due to combination therapy failure (P=0.016, 0.53(0.35～0.62)U/kg and 0.63(0.51～0.75)U/kg respectively).The longest targeted period existed in the later. Relationship between the targeted bedtime insulin NPH dose and FPG level can be demonstrated by equation Y=0.255X+7.8. Conclusions The targeted insulin dose is influenced by synthetic factors. Patients admitted due to combination oral hypoglycemic drug failure have the maximal targeted insulin dose and the longest titration period. The final bedtime insulinNPH dose can be predicted by FPG level.

Objective To investigate the influence of gender differences on NF-kB activation in livers in septic rats. Methods Total 20 female and 20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups.Tissue samples of the livers were collected to measure NF-kB activation by EMSA.The level of plasma ALT,TNF-?and estrogen were measured also. Results NF-kB activation in normal male and female rats has no significant difference (P＞0.05).After stimulated by LPS,the level of NF-kB activation and ALT,TNF-?in plasma were markedly upregulated,and the index of female group lower than that in male group (P＜0.01).The level of NF-kB activation in livers and ALT,TNF-?in plasma both in male and female have significantly negative correlation with the level of estrogen in plasma (P＜0.05 ).Conclusion There are significantly gender differences on NF-kB activation in livers in septic rats.Estrogen may decrease the injury of livers in septic rats.

Objective:To investigate the potential pro-apoptotic activity of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in human leukemia HL-60 cells,as well as the potential mechanism with focus on mitochondrial pathway.Methods:After treatment with different concentrations of ATO (1 μg/mL,5 μg/mL or 10 μg/mL) for 24 h,apoptotic cell death was detected by flow cytometry,oxidative stress was determined by measuring MDA and GSH levels,the expression of apoptotic factors was detected by western blot,and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was determined by immunofluorescence staining.Results:ATO at the concentrations of 5 μg/mL or 10 μg/mL induces apoptotic cell death and increases oxidative stress in human leukemia HL-60 cells.ATO significantly increases the expression of pro-apoptotic factors (Bax and Caspase-3),whereas decreases the expression of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2.Compared with the control group,ATO treatment significantly decreases the MMP level in HL-60 ceils.Conclusions:Arsenic trioxide induces apoptotic cell death through mitochondrial pathway in human leukemia HL-60 cells.

Objective To evaluate the methods and the efficacy of interventional therapy for huge aneurysm.Methods Seven patients with huge aneurysm including 2 with pulmonary aneurysm, 2 with renal aneurysm, 1 with humeral artery aneurysm, 1 with right common iliac artery aneurysm, 1 with right internal iliac artery aneurysm. Among these, 5 were true aneurysm, and 2 were pseudoaneurysms caused by congenital, trauma, arteriosclerosis. Three patients were treated with endovascular covered stent graft and 2 patients with embolization containing metallic coils. Two patients were treated with partial aneurysm and feeding artery trunk embolization with metallic coils. Results All 7 patients were successful carried out the interventional therapy with successful rate of 100%. Six aneurysms were completely obstructed with disappearance of symptoms and signs. One died of aneurysm rupture. No other complication occurred.Conclusion Interventional therapy for huge aneurysm is an effective method.