Objective To explore whether the changes of sound source in the horizontal azimuth can induce mismatch negativity (MMN) ,and quantify the minimal audible angle which could elicit the MMN and to find effec‐tive way to test human's ability of sound localization in the horizontal plane .Methods With the self developed sound localization device and Bio - logic auditory evoked potentiometer ,in the free field hearing tests were performed on 30 healthy young volunteers according to oddball stimulation sequence .We adopted 1 000 Hz pure tone as the stand‐ard stimuli , the change of sound source location as experimental models ,using minimum audible angle (MAA ) measure procedure ,sound localization test was conducted at 0° ,± 45° ,± 90°standard positions in the horizontal plane .MMN was obtained by subtracting the ERP of deviant stimuli from the ERP of standard stimuli .The latency and amplitude of each MMN were recorded .Results The MMAs of normal young people were recorded and normal values of latency and amplitude of MMN were obtained .The results of the sound localization test for the youth were :MAA(0°)= 2 .09 ± 1 .81° ,MAA( - 45°)= 3 .84 ± 1 .61° ,MAA (45°) = 3 .69 ± 2 .39° ,MAA ( - 90°) = 4 .41 ± 1 . 41° ,MAA(90°)= 4 .23 ± 3 .22° ,separately .There was a significant effect of the location of the deviant stimulus , with those presented at 90° eliciting larger peaks and longer latency period than those presented at 0° .Conclusion Our findings suggest that changes of sound position in the horizontal azimuth can induce mismatch negative waves , and MMN on the basis of MAA test procedure could be used to evaluate the ability of sound localization .

Objective:To design a kind of head holder for small animal imaging without artifact. Methods: The head holder was designed for small animal imaging according to rodent head stereotaxic apparatus with lightweight and easy molding material (polymethyl methacrylate). The holder can be easily made with ordinary lathe and can be easily operated in small animal imaging device. Results:After the trial in small animal PET-CT, the holder can effectively solve the problems in small animal imaging such as the artifact caused by tiny displacement, tilt head position, deviating from the central field of view and respiratory depression. Conclusion: The small animal imaging device was designed in simple structure to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology. The operation of the device is simple, which is worthy of popularization head holder of application.

Objective To investigate the hemodynamic and rheological effects of acute hypovolemic hemodilution with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) at different infusion rates. Methods 20 ASA Ⅰ adult patients undergoing elective surgery were randomized to one of two groups with 10 patients each. The patients were premedicated with intramuscular midazolam 0.06 mg/kg and atropine 0.01 mg/kg 30 min before anesthesia. Before anesthesia an intravenous line was established and lacted ringer solution was infused at a rate of 5 ml. kg-1. h-1 . Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.2mg/kg , fentanyl 5μg/kg and vecuronium 0. lmg/kg and maintained with inhalation of 50 % N2O and 1% isoflurane. After tracheal intubation the patients were mechanically ventilated and PET CO2 was maintainted between 4.6-6.0 kPa.Swan-Ganz catheter was inserted via right internal jugular vein. The dorsalis pedis artery was cannulated for direct measurement of arterial pressure. 6% HES infusion rates were 10 ml.kg-1.h-1 in group Ⅰ and 20ml.kg-1 .h-1 in group Ⅱ respectively. ECG, heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (SBP, DBP and MAP), CO, CL, CVP, PAP, PCWP, SpO2, PET CO2 and inhalation concentrations of N2O and isoflurane were monitored before and 30, and 60 min after infusion was started. Arterial and venous blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis and rheological studies. Results The two groups were comparable with respect to demographic data. During HES infusion HR decreased and CL increased in both groups and there was no significant difference between the two groups. BP increased slightly at 60 min in group Ⅰ , whereas in group Ⅱ it tended to decrease. CVP, PAP and PCWP increased significantly in both groups especially at 60 min. Hct decreased from 36.2% ±4.5% to 30.4% ±4.1% in group Ⅰ and from 39.6%±8.0 % to 30.8% ± 5.9 % in group Ⅱ at 60 min. Hb and K value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) equation decreased significantly in both groups especially at 60 min. Conclusions Intravascular volume expansion ismore efficient with increased infusion rate of HES but the influences on hemodynamics would be more significant. HES infused at 20 ml. kg-1 . h -1 is safe in healthy patient during operation with blood loss.[Key Words] Hemodilution; Hydroxyethyl starch; Hemodynamics; Hemorheology

Objective To investigate effects of laparoscopic repair of abdominal wall incisional hernia using polypropylene and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(e-PTFE) composite mesh. Methods Forty-one patients with abdominal wall incisional hernia(4~25 cm in length and 3~18 cm in width) were treated in this hospital from October 2004 to August 2005. The patients received laparoscopic mesh herniorrhaphy after complete dissection of adhesion using an ultrasonic scalpel.A polypropylene and(e-PTFE) composite mesh(Bard Composite Mesh) was used and fixed using the Ethicon Endopath Multifeed Stapler(EMS).Results The laparoscopic mesh herniorrhaphy was successfully completed in all the 41 patients without conversions to open surgery.The operative time was 60~182 min(mean,85 min).Postoperatively,the patients felt slight pain and began to take food on the second day.The time to first passing flatus was 25~41 hours(mean,32 hours).The postoperative hospital stay was 5~7 days(mean,6 days).No recurrence occurred during a follow-up period of 6~16 months(mean,9 months) in the 41 patients. Conclusions The laparoscopic incisional hernia repair using the Bard Composite Mesh is a safe and effective method.

With the improvement of living conditions,people pay more attention to food sanitation,following which the incidence rate of food allergy is higher and higher.Food allergy threatens public health seriously.It is caused mainly by dominance of T helper type 2-based immune responses,which breaks the dynamic balance of Th1/Th2 immune responses and resultes in over secreting of IL-4,IL-5 and IL-13,production of specific antibody IgE,degranulation of mast cells,alteration of intestinal microflora and so on.At present,a lot of investigations have been reported,of which the probiotics therapy attracted more attention.As the indigenous flora,probiotics could not only prevent and treat food allergy but could also modulate immune responses and recover the dynamic balance of it via secreation of cytokines such as IFN-?,IL-10,TGF-?.

Objective:To develop a simple culture and purifying method for rat dental follicle cells.Methods:The upper and lower first and second intact molar germs of SD rat were separated. Then, dental follicle and enamel organ were stripped together, minced into little pieces, digested with collagenase and cultured. Dental follicular cells were purified by differential passage and indentified by immunohistochemical staining of vimentin and cytokeratin. Results:The primary cells were mixed, consisting of dental follicle cells and enamel organ cells. After differential passage, the cells of fourth passage became purified dental follicle cells. Purified dental follicle cells were elongated spindle or triangle in shape, positive for vimentin and negative for cytokeratin.Conclusion:Dental follicle cells can be purified by several differential passages from the mixed primarily cultured cells.

This study was concerned about comparing the degree and process of cardiopulmonary effect of propofol and midazolam. Forty-five adult patients,ASA grade Ⅱ, scheduled for elective operation, were randomly allocated to intravenously receiving midazolam 0.28mg?kg~(-1)(group Ⅰ,n=16), 0.40mg?kg~(-1) (group Ⅱ,n=16) ,or propofol 2.5mg?kg~(-1) (group Ⅲ,n=13) ,respectively. MAP ,HR, SpO_2 ,TV ,MV ,RR and P_(ET)CO_2 were monitored continuously before and in 30 minutes following the administration ,and the arterial blood gas analysises were performed before and 1,2,3,4,5,10,15,20 and 30 minutes after the administration. The results showed that in group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ after the administration separately,the maximal decrease of MAP were 20.0% ,22.8% and 22.20%, and occured in 10.8, 9.3 and 3.5 minutes;HR decreased maximally by 6.3% ,8.7% and 15.5%,TV by 76.6% ,81.3% and 91.3%/00 ,MV by 87.2%,91.6% and 93.6%,RR by 60.3%,67.5% and 83.6%; the incidences and durations of apnea were 37.5%vs 57.5 seconds,31.3%vs 68. O seconds and 76.9%vs 73.0 seconds. The MV recovered to the baseline 5 minutes in group Ⅲ and more than 10 minutes in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ following the administration. The arterial blood pH reduced and PaCO_2 increased significantly in three groups (P

Cough ; Dyspnea ; Fever ; Humans ; Recurrence

Objective To investigate the correlation between the degree of pathogenetic condition and cogni-tive impairment in young OSAHS patients. Methods Sixty-three patients (18～44 years old) were divided into 3 groups according to the assessment criteria regarding the degrees of pathogenetic conditions of hypoxemia and its persistence time: mild group(the lowest SaO2 ≥ 85 %, n = 20 ), moderate group (the lowest SaO2 : 65 ～ 84 %, n =24), and severe group (the lowest SAO2<65%, n= 19). Twenty-five healthy young adults were selected as the control group. All the subjects were tested with event-related potential, namely P300, the polysomnogram and the mini-mental state examination scale(MMSE). Results P300 latency in patients of three OSAHS groups was sig-nificantly prolonged as 326.1±12.7, 346.9±19.1, and 34.9±18.3 ms, as compared with those of control group: 311.9±18.3 ms (P< 0.05, respectively). In severe group, P300 latency was markedly increased compared with mild and moderate groups(P<0.01, P<0.05, respectively). No obvious differences were observed between mild and moderate groups(P=0. 095). The difference of hypoxemia lasting time could influence the P300 latency, such as when the hypoxemia lasting time was 4～60 seconds, the latency was 338. 12±13.7 ms, and when the hypoxemia lasting time increased to 60 ～ 140 s, the latency was prolonged to 354.74±16.7 ms(P = 0. 031 ). There was no difference among all groups in the P300 amplitudes. The MMSE scores for all patients were within normal limits andthere were differences between serve and control group(RA -RB=9. 91, P= 0. 003). Conclusion Among patients with OS-AHS, the impairment of cognitive function is con'anon. The degrees of pathogenetic conditions of hypoxemia and its lasting time may be used to evaluate the impairment degree of cognitive function in patients with OSAHS.

AIM: To study the anti-ulcer actions of the clinic experience prescription Shuangpu Powder and to provide experimental basis for further application. METHODS: Four kinds of experimental rodent ulcer models including aqueous extract excitability ulcer in rats,pyloric ligational ulcer in rats,hydrochloric acid-alcohol induced ulcer in rats and indomethacin induced ulcer in mice were used to observe its actions of anti-ulcer of Shuangpu Powder. RESULTS: The results showed that the Shuangpu Powder significantly decreased ulcer formation induced by stress,pylorus ligation,hydrochloric acid-alcohol and indomethacin. CONCLUSION: Shuangpu Powder has obvious anti-ulcer actions.