ObjectiveTo identify the association of HLA-DQA1*0302 and DQB1*0303 alleles with vitiligo in Uygur nationality in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. MethodsPolymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers(PCR-SSP) was performed to analyze the distribution of HLA-DQA1*0302 and HLA-DQB1*0303 alleles among 300 patients with vitiligo and 300 normal human controls of Uygur nationality in Xinjiang region. ResultsA significant increase was observed in the frequency of HLA-DQA1*0302 and -DQB1*0303 alleles in patients with vitiligo compared with the controls(20.5％ vs. 13.83％, 30.17％ vs. 13.33％, both P ＜ 0.01 ). Increased frequency of HLA-DQA1*0302 and -DQB1*0303 alleles was also seen in patients with adult vitiligo (onset age ＞ 12 years) and those with childhood vitiligo (onset age ≤≤ 12 years) ascompared with the normal controls(both P ＜ 0.01). The frequency of DQB1*0303 allele was higher in both patients with and without family history of vitiligo than in the normal controls(both P ＜ 0.01), while that of DQA 1*0302 was higher in only patients without family history (P ＜ 0.01 ). No significant difference was observed in the frequency of HLA-DQA 1*0302 or HLA-DQB1*0303 between patients with adult vitiligo and those with childhood vitiligo or between patients with and without family history(all P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions HLADQA 1*0302 and DQB 1*0303 alleles may be associated with vitiligo in Uygur nationality in Xinjiang region,and there seems to be genetic heterogeneity between patients with adult and childhood vitiligo and between vitiligo patients with and without family history.

Objective To analyze the working stress related factors of nurses in intensive care unit (ICU), and put forward the corresponding counter measures.Methods During January to March 2016, a questionnaire survey was conducted with a commonly used nurses working pressure source scale on 110 ICU nurses in three People's Liberation Army (PLA) 3A grade hospitals in Beijing. The questionnaire survey involved 35 items within 5 main categories, including nursing professional issues, nursing workload and time allocation, working environment and resources, special care for critical patients and inter-personnel relationships between the head of nurses and other nurses. The correlations between the ICU nursing working stress and alternative factors were analyzed.Results Ninety-six nurses said the job was stressful, and 88.5% of them expressed that the degree of pressure was more than medium. The correlation analysis showed that ICU nurse working stress was correlated with 29 items in the survey scale (allP < 0.05), of which the top 6 items the mostly closely related were the frequent working shift (r = 0.58,P = 0.000), low nursing social status (r = 0.54,P = 0.000), less promotion opportunities (r = 0.54,P = 0.000), less opportunities to pursue further study (r = 0.53, P = 0.000), nurse low salary (r = 0.52,P = 0.000) and excessive workload (r= 0.50,P = 0.000).Conclusions ICU nurses face a lot of pressure in their work, the management departments should pay more attention to them, and actively energetically improve the nurse system construction, raise ICU nurses' pride, enhance the quality of nurse care and promote the healthy development of nursing profession.

Aim To investigate the changes in the expression of protein kinase C gamma (PKC?), phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein(pCREB)and immediate-early gene(c-fos and c-jun) in the spinal cord in formalin-induced inflammatory pain and study the effect of agmatine on the changes of PKC? activation, phosphorylation of CREB and expression of c-fos and c-jun.Methods Rats were decapitated at 10, 20 min or 2 h after intraplantar injection of 50 ?l 5% formalin and L_4, 5 spinal cords were dissected. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting analyses were used to observe the expression of PKC?, pCREB, c-fos and c-jun in the spinal dorsal horn and the effect of agmatine on the changes of their expression. Results Unilateral peripheral inflammation induced PKC? activation and CREB phosphorylation bilaterally while c-fos and c-jun expression ipsilaterally in rat spinal cord. PKC activity increased in membrane fractions with unchanged levels in the cytosolic fractions. Pretreatment intraperitoneally with 160 mg?kg-1 agmatine 15 min before inflammation significantly inhibited the activation of PKC? in the membrane fraction, suppressed the phosphorylation of CREB and the expression of c-fos and c-jun. Conclusion The mechanism of the analgesic effect of agmatine may be associated with inhibiting PKC? activation in the plasma membrane, CREB phosphorylation, c-fos and c-jun up-regulation which play roles in the hyperalgesia with peripheral inflammation.

Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors of compassion fatigue in nurses. Methods A total of 477 nurses from 4 hospital in Tianjin were investigated with the self-designed demographic questionnaire, Compassion Fatigue Scale, Practice Environment Scale and General Self-Efficacy Scale. Results The mean score of compassion fatigue, practice environment and general self-efficacy were showed respectively as following: (2.70 ± 0.34), (2.99 ± 0.49) and (2.42 ± 0.63) points, which indicated at a moderate level. Single factor analysis found that marriage, age, nursing age, department had statistically significant influence on compassion score of nurses(P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that nursing age, nursing foundations for quality of care, staffing and resource adequacy, nurse manager ability, leadership and self-efficacy were indicated as predictive factors of compassion fatigue among nurses. Conclusions Clinical nurse have compassion fatigue which can be influenced by nursing working environment and self-efficacy. So compassion fatigue could be prevented by improve working environment and enhance personal ability.

Objective Using the scientific thinking mode,applied the standardized training in zero-based assistant of laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery,observe and explore the effect of shorten learning curve.Methods Took 40 students studied in our hospital from February 2013 to December 2014 as object of our study,who were randomly divided into Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ.Group Ⅰ was given standardized training,group Ⅱ was given regular training.After total 200 cases of laparoscopic assisted colectomy,5cases each doctor,we analyzed the two teams outcome of surgery cooperation.Results Compared with the control group,doctors from observation group were better in the surgery cooperation and the examination.Conclusions Standardized training is very meaningful for the zero-based assistant of laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery.

Objective To compare the short-term efficacy and adverse effects of docetaxe or oxaliplatin combined with capecitabine in the treatment of late-staged gastric cancer in aged patients. Methods Eighty-two aged patients with late-staged gastric cancer were randomly divided into two groups,of which 38 patients were treated group) ,and 44 patients were treated with oxaliplatin (100 mg/m2 ivgtt on 1st day) and eapecitabine (2000 mg/1 cycle). Results There is no failure of follow-up. In the docetaxe group,the effective rate was 52.63% (20/38) and 54.55 % (24/44) for the docetaxe and oxaliplatin group,respectively (P>0.05). The median progression-free survival(PFS) in the docetaxe group (6.1 months) was similar to that in the oxaliplatin group (6.3 months) (P>0.05). Gastrointestinal response,myelosuppression and neurotoxicity (Ⅰ or Ⅱ level) were the most common ad-verse effects observed in both groups (P>0.05). No chemotherapy-related death was observed. Conclusions The short-term efficacy of decetaxe or oxaliplatin combined with capecitabine in the treatment of late-staged gastric cancer in aged patients is similar,and the adverse effects are all within tolerance limits.

Background and purpose:Studies have proved that the serine/threonine kinases 31 (STK31) gene plays important roles in human cancers. TheSTK31 gene expression was demonstrated to be regulated by the methylation status of its promoter/exon1 region. Viral infection was revealed to be associated with the hypermethylation of some tumor suppressor genes in some tumor samples. The purposes of this paper were to study the roles ofHPV16E6,E7, orE6/E7 oncogenes in methylation status and expression of theSTK31 gene, and potential effects of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) onSTK31 gene methylation status.Methods:Ectopically-expressed HPV16 E6, E7, or E6/E7 cells were estab-lished by transfectingHPV16E6,E7, orE6/E7 oncogenes with lentivirus vectors into HPV-negative cervical cancer cell lines HT-3 and C33A. Bisulfite genomic sequencing PCR (BGS) combined with TA clone and MSP (methylation-specific PCR) were used to analyze methylation status of theSTK31 gene promoter/exon1 region in HPV-positive cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa, SiHa, CaSki), HPV-negative cervical carcinoma cell lines (C33A, HT-3) and the transfected cells. The mRNA and protein expression of STK31, DNMT1, DNMT2, DNMT3a, DNMT3b and DNMT3L were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results:Transfection efficiency was tested by Western blot, which showed that the transfected cells successfully expressed E6, E7, or E6/E7 proteins, respectively. TheSTK31 gene promoter/exon1 was hypomethylated in HPV-positive cell lines HeLa, SiHa and CasKi resulting in detection of mRNA and protein expression.STK31 gene promoter/exon1 showed hypermethylation leading to silenced expression in the two HPV-negative cervical cancer cells HT-3 and C33A. Compared with primary HT-3 and C33A cells, the methylation status ofSTK31 promoter/exon1 was down-regulated that led to expression of STK31 in the ectopically-expressed HPV16 E7 and E6/E7 cells. Expressions of DNMT1,DNMT3a andDNMT3b genes at the level of transcription were higher in C33AE6/E7 and HT-3E6/E7 cells than those in C33A-vector and HT-3 vector cells, respectively (P<0.001). mRNA levels of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b were higher in HPV16-positive cervical cancer tissues than those in HPV-negative cervical cancer tissues, respectively (t=5.997,P<0.001;t=6.743,P<0.001;t=7.926,P<0.001). DNMT2 mRNA level was lower in C33AE6/E7 and HT-3E6/E7 cells than those in C33A-vector and HT-3 vector cells, respectively (t=7.451,P<0.001;t=2.451,P<0.05). mRNA level of DNMT2 gene was lower in HPV16-positive cervical cancer tissues than in HPV-negative cervical cancer tissues (t=9.134, P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in expression levels of DNMT3L mRNA between cervical cancer cell lines before and after transfection, or HPV16-positive and HPV-negative cervical cancer tissues, respectively (P>0.05, data not shown).Conclusion:HPV infection leads to the down-regulated methylation status ofSTK31 promoter/exon1 that results in the expression of STK31.STK31 gene expression is regulated by methylation status of its promoter/exon1 region. HPV16E7 andE6/E7 oncogenes may influence the methylation status ofSTK31 gene promoter/exon1 region by regulating the expression of DNMT2.

Objective To study the curved planar reformation (CPR) imagings of bony canals in craniofacial region with multislice spiral CT.Methods CPR of the bony canals in craniofacial regions were performed in 267 cases by using Philips Mx8000 multislice spiral CT,including facial nerve canal (FNC) in 217 cases,optic nerve canal (ONC) in 28 cases,mandibular canal in 9 cases,carotid canal in 7 cases, jugular foramen in 4 cases and hypoglossal canal in 2 . Scanning parameters were as followed : 120 kV , 200~250 mAs , collimation 0.5mm, pitch 0.625 or 0.875,scan time 0.75s/ring, matrix 512?512.Collimation and reformation interval were 0.5~1.0 mm and 0.2~0.5 mm separately, except for FNC,in which were 0.5 mm and 0.2 mm separately.Reformation matrix was all 1024?1024.Results Of all cases , the images of CPR in 11 were unsatisfied because of the head shaking during the scanning, in other 256 cases , images could show the whole length of canals clearly. In FNC,178 cases were normal , 18 cases had congenital abnormal in the external , middle or inner ear accompanied with changes of length , course and position. 8 cases of otomastoiditis accompanied with cholesteatoma involving facial canal. In 21 cases of temporal bone trauma accompanied with traumatic facial palsy, fracture lines or bony fragments of the FNC were found in 9 cases. 2 cases of facial nerve tumor and 2 cases of jugular foramen schwannoma accompanied with facial canal destruction.24 cases of ONCs were normal. Fracture lines or bony fragments of ONCs were found in 3 cases. Narrowing of ONC was found in 1 cases of fibrous dysplasia.Normal carotid canal was seen in 2 cases, there were 2 cases of carotid canal fracture.1 cases of bony destruction of carotid canal caused by cholesteatoma of petrous apex. Jugular foramen was normal in 2 cases. Destruction and enlargement of jugular foramen were found in 2 cases of schwannoma. In 1 cases, hypoglossal nerve canal was normal. Destruction and enlargement of hypoglossal nerve canal were found in the other cases of schwannoma. Mandibular canal were normal in 4 cases and was involved in 2 cases by mandibular osteomyelitis and mandibular fracture,respectively, and 1 case by mandibular tumor. Conclusion The bony canals in craniofacial regions can be shown clearly by CPR with multislice spiral CT . It can provide more valuable informations than that of the axial scan and multiplanar reformation in the diagnosis of diseases of craniofacial region and was the important supplement of routine CT scan.

Objective To observe the variation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and microglia in the comorbidity of neuropathic pain and depression and discuss the related mechanism.Methods The spared nerve injury model was used.Forty-four male adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following four groups (n=11 each): sham+vehicle group (group SV), sham+APO group (group SA), SNI+vehicle group (group SNV), SNI+APO group (group SNA).In groups SA and SNA, rats were intraperitoneally injected with apocynin (APO) 15 mg/kg 24 hours and 1 hour before SNI and continued once daily until the 14th day.The rats in the other two groups received the equal volume of vehicle.The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) was tested 1 day before SNI and 7 days and 14 days after SNI, and the open field test, the forced swimming test and the sucrose preference test were performed 14 days after SNI.The prefrontal cortex were collected 2 hour after the behavior tests.The expression of gp91phox was detected by Western blot and the expression of Iba1 and gp91phox were detected by double-immunofluorescance staining.Results The reduced MWT, the increased immobility time, the decreased sucrose consumption and the increased content of gp91phox were observed in group SNV compared with groups SV, SA and SNA (P<0.05).The expression of Iba1 and gp91phox were increased in group SNV.The total travel distance in the open field test and the total liquid consumption in the sucrose preference test had no significant difference among the four groups.Conclusion Neuropathic pain may induce depressive behaviors and activate NADPH oxidase in the prefrontal cortex.Moreover, the inhibition of NADPH oxidase by APO can alleviate neuropathic pain and depression, which is potentially related to the activation of microglia.

Aim To evaluate the analgesic effect of agmatine on inflammatory pain and its influence on the analgesic effect of morphine. To investigate whether the mechanism of analgesic effect of agmatine is related to activation of imidazoline receptor or to affect the release of endogenous glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from rat spinal cord slices. Methods The formalin test in rats was used as a long-lasting inflammatory pain model. Effects of agmatine on basal and K+ evoked release of endogenous glutamate and GABA from rat spinal cord slices were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results Pretreatment with agmatine (ip or sc) inhibited the second phase of the nociceptive response of rats and potentiated the analgesic effect of morphine in phase 2, but not in phase 1. Idazoxan did not attenuate the analgesic effect of agmatine. Agmatine (1, 10, 100, 1000 ?mol?L -1 ) had no effect on the basal release of glutamate and GABA from spinal cord slices, nor did it affect the K+ (50 mmol?L -1 ) evoked release of glutamate and GABA contents. Conclusions Agmatine has an analgesic effect and enhances morphine analgesia in the second but not the first phase of formalin-induced nociception. Its analgesic effect does not likely involve imidazoline receptor. The mechanism of the analgesic effect of agmatine may not be associated with inhibiting glutamate release nor increasing the GABA content.