Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important immunosuppressive role during the tumor development process.And the progression of many tumors are always accompanied with abnormal accumulation of MDSCs.Moreover,both the accumulation and functions of MDSCs could be affected by complicated factors.Therefore,how to effectively reduce the immunosuppressive effects of MDSCs in oncotherapy has become the focus of scholars.Recent studies show that anti-tumor drugs can affect many biological behaviors of MDSCs.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of TNF ? on the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 2(PAI 2) and its biological significance. Methods Using immunocytochemistry(ICC), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated end labeling (TUNEL) and ICC/TUNEL double label methods, the expression of PAI 2 in and the apoptosis of the cultured epidermal keratinocytes treated by TNF ? were detected. Results After the mouse epidermal keratinocytes were incubated with TNF ?, compared with the unshed cells, the expression of PAI 2 in shed cells and the cellular apoptosis increased obviously. The increased PAI 2 expression also appeared in the apoptotic cells, especially in larger and multi angled apoptotic cells. Conclusion In highly differentiated epidermal keratinocytes, TNF ? can enhance the expression of PAI 2 as well as apoptosis. Furthermore, according to the relation with the keratinocytes apoptosis, there are two types of PAI 2 induced by TNF ?, one of which is related to apoptosis, but the other is not.

Objective:To investigate the surgical outcome of one-stage combined anterior and posterior ap-proach for severe thoracolumbar and lumbar spine fracture.Method:A total of 62 cases suffered from severe thoracolumbar and lumbar spine fracture undergoing surgery from Jan 2003 to Jan 2008 were reviewed retro-spectively.Of these,there were T11 involved in 2 cases,T12 in 13 cases,L1 in 28 cases,L2 in 10 cases,L3 in 6 cases and L4 in 3 cases.There were 58 fresh fractures and 4 old fractures.Based on Dennis classifica-tion,12 were compression fracture,33 were burst fracture and 17 fracture dislocation.All cases had spine load score≥7 and TLICS score≥5.Of 19 cases with neurological deficit according to Frankel grade,there were 7 A,5 B and 7 C.Combined anterior and posterior approach was performed in all cases,anterior bony graft plus posterior pedicle instrumentation were performed either,of these,52 cases had additional anterior decompres-sion.Result:All operations were performed successfully,with the mean surgical time of 170min (range, 150-210min) ,the average blood loss was 819ml(range,400-2900ml).No iatrogenic neuroinjury,skin infection, dural matter tearing and graft displacement were noted.The preoperative Cobb's angle was 8°-40°(mean, 23.9°), while the postoperative counterpart returning to normal with 5 cases having 2°-10° kyphosis.The preoperative compression rate was 20%-95%(mean,54.5%),while the postoperative counterpart returning to normal in 47 cases,with 15 cases having 2%-30%.The preoperative canal stenosis rate was 5%-90%(mean,51.1%) while the postoperative counterpart was 0-30%(mean,4.7%),which showed significant difference with regarding to these 3 parameters (P<0.05).All cases were followed up for an average of 31 months (range,12-72 months). Bony fusion was evidenced in cases undergoing anterior bony graft.At 10-12 months, the Cobb's angle was 0°-15°(mean,0.62°) ,the vertebral compression rate was 0-30%(mean,4.6%),no significant difference were noted between them and their postoperative counterparts(P>0.05).At final foUow-up,15 of 19 cases with neu-rological deficit had neurofunction improved,while 4 remained unchanged.According to our hospital criteria,of 43 cases with no neurological deficit,there were 30 excellent,9 good,3 fair and 1 bad with the total excel-lent to good rate of 90.6%.Cage subsidence and pedicle screw breaking was noted in 1 case,who developed severe kyphosis presenting with irreducible back pain.Conclusion:One-stage combined anterior and posterior approach for severe thoracolumbar and lumbar spine fracture can ensure three column stability as well as complete decompression,which has good early outcome.

Objective To evaluate the effects of extractive from Gastrodiae Rhizoma on acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of learning-memory function in mice;To provide some reference for clinical research and development of new drugs.Methods Male Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, positive control group and Gastrodia extractive group. Positive control group and Gastrodia extractive group were given gavage by using relevant medicine 0.2 mL/10 g, and the control group and model group were given gavage with the same amount of distilled water for 16 days. After receiving gavage for continuous 11 days, memory acquisition barrier model was induced by scopolamine;memory consolidation barrier model was induced by chloromycetin;memory retrieval barrier model was induced by EtOH. The learning-memory function was reviewed by escape latency and spatial search distance. The quadrant and distance search time percentage was detected through directional navigation test and spatial probe test in Morris water maze.Results Extractive from Gastrodia Rhizoma shortened the time for acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of learning memory about escape latency and spatial search distance (P<0.05,P<0.01), and the quadrant and distance search time percentage were prolonged (P<0.01).Conclusion Extractive from Gastrodia Rhizoa can effectively improve the acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of learning-memory function in mice.

This article analyzes and discusses histology's teaching mode and condition,to put forward a conceiving of altering classical modal to first experimental classes and then theoretical classes.The feasibility and expecting effect of new teaching model are concluded

Objective Explore reflux esophagitis age,symptoms,and the relationship between the degree of esophageal damage.Methods Summing up 198 cases of young and middle-aged patients and 104 cases of elderly pa-tients with the symptom score and Endoscopic mucosal injurs classification.Results Under the old group gastroscopy serious esophagitis more than the young group,old age group was 49.97%,25.25%for the young group,but the clini-cal symptoms of heart burn not obvious.Conclusion Reflux esophagitis damaged esophagus increased with age in-crease,but clinical heartburn symptoms do not necessarily obvious,it should attach importance to the brink throat dis-comfort,and other symptoms.

Objective To study the protective effect of Mailuoning on ischemia/reperfusion injury in extremities. Methods The experimental models of ischemia/reperfusion injury in extremities were produced in 20 healthy adult rabbits, which were randomly divided into control group and Mailuoning group (10 rabbits each). Normal saline and Mailuoning injection were infused intravenously into ear margin of rabbits in the control group and Mailuoning group respectively just before blood reperfusion. At preischemia, two hours post ischemia, one hour post reperfusion and four hours post reperfusion, blood sample was collected from the femoral veins respectively for measurements of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Meanwhile, the tibialis anterior muscles were harvested for examination of the microstructure and the ultrastructure by using optical microscope and electron microscope. Results The contents of AST, LDH, CK, MDA increased significantly ( P

Objective To investigate the expression and distribution of fibroblast growth factor-13(FGF-13) in rat vibrissa follicle at anagen and the cultured cells derived from bulge region.Methods FGF-13 expression was detected using immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry.Results The in vitro cultured cells from bulge region and the vibrissa follicle expressed FGF-13.In vivo,the cells expressing FGF-13 distributed in the outermost layer of the outer root-sheath(ORS) in the isthmus portion of the follicle.No cells expressing FGF-13 were present in the hair follicle bulb,including matrix cells and ORS.Conclusion In vibrissa follicle at anagen FGF-13 may be involved in the migration of stem cells located at the bulge region to the hair bulb.

Objective To establish a cell culture method for differentiation of keratinocyte in serum free medium mediated by the Ca 2+ concentration. Methods Keratinocytes were cultured in serum and Ca 2+ free keratinocyte growth medium (KGM). Differentiation of keratinocytes was regulated by the change of Ca 2+ concentration in medium, and the expression of K10 and tPA that is elevated in psoriasis were detected by immunocytochemistry (ICC). Results When Ca 2+ concentration in medium was 0.09 mmol/L, keratinocytes were in the state of undifferentiation, K10 expression was negative, and tPA expressed weakly. When cells were exposed to 1.5 mmol/L Ca 2+ medium, terminal differentiation of keratinocyte was induced, K10 expression was positive, and tPA expression was significantly increased. Conclusion The changes of Ca 2+ concentration in mediating the keratinocyte differentiation can be used in the study on keratinocyte differentiation in KGM.

Objective To explore the annexinⅡexpression in the differentiation of human epidermal keratinocytes. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect annexinⅡexpression in early, middle, late human embryonic skin and adult skin, respectively. Results The expression of annexinⅡ in embryonic epidermis was significantly increased with the development of embryo and annexin Ⅱ expressed much higher in adult epidermis than in embryonic epidermis. Annexin Ⅱ localized in the membrane of keratinocyte, mainly in suprabasal, the more differentiated layers of the epidermis. Conclusion Annexin Ⅱ may be involved in regulating the differentiation of human epidermal keratinocytes.