IrritabIe boweI syndrome( IBS)is caused by muItipIe factors,and the pathogenesis has not yet been cIarified. RecentIy,the roIe of brain-gut axis based bio-psycho-sociaI medicaI modeI in the pathogenesis of IBS has been wideIy accepted. Brain-gut axis forms a nerve-endocrine-immune network mediating bidirectionaI reguIation pathway,which pIays an important roIe in maintaining homeostasis between centraI nervous system and gut. Brain-gut axis abnormaIities may Iead to imbaIance of the homeostasis and subsequentIy induce the occurrence of IBS. This articIe reviewed the advances in study on brain-gut axis dysfunction in pathogenesis of IBS.

Purpose:To study the expression of Epstein-Barr virus gene BARF1 in nasopharyngeal carc inoma cells, to uncover the mechanism and effects of Epstein-Barr virus in the pathogenesis of EBV related carcinomas, and to offer some experimental supports for the prevention and treatment of EBV related carcinomas Methods :After RNA extraction from nasopharyngeal carcinoma samples, RT-PCR was con ducted to amplify the EBV gene EB virus associated nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA1) an d the new gene Bam HI A open reading frame 1 (BARF1) Then the PCR products wer e electrophoresed by 2% agarose gel and the product bands were detected and phot ographed Results:Of the 13 samples, 11 were qualified for the RNA qualit y And all of the 11 NPC cases were EBNA1 positive, showing the EB virus infect ion in the carcinoma cells 9 of the 11 cases were BARF1 positive, the positive rate was nearly 82% Conclusions:The EB virus gene BARF1 was highly expressed in the NPC samples This implies t hat apart from the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), BARF1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of NPC The exact mechanisms of the BARF1 effects on the pathogenesis of NPC need to be studied further

Objective To construct and express fusion toxin human IL15 mutant/TNF? mutant (hIL15M/TNF?M) in order to develop a targeted toxin capable of eliminating abnormal cells expressing high levels of hIL15 receptors. Methods DNA fragments of truncated hIL15M and TNF?M coding gene were joined in frame and cloned into T7 expression vector pET16b. The expressed fusion protein was purified from E. coli . Cytotoxicity of hIL15M/TNF?M was measured by MTT assay. Results E. coli transformed with the recombinant plasmid expressed an extra band with the expected size of 30?10 3. MTT assay indicated that PHA activated T cells were 13 times more sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of hIL15M/TNF?M than to the resting T cells. Conclusion hIL15M/TNF?M has high toxic effect against cells expressing high levels of IL15 receptors, suggesting that hIL15M/TNF?M has potential therapeutic effect on T cell leukemia and other diseases related with improperly activated T cells.

Objective To explore the effect of the straight line and the auxiliary incision of lip skin on repairing unilateral incomplete cleft lip.Methods 120 cases of unilateral incomplete cleft lip repaired with the straight line method and reconstruction of the orbicularis oris muscle with the auxiliary incision of lip skin.Results 2 cases of cleft relapse by tumble.The wound of 115 children were healed one stage.3 children were healed two stage.All children didn't present vermilion deficiency.The upper lip presented natural labial groove between affected and unaffected side.Both sides of nostrils were symmetry and scars were not ovbious.Conclusion This new method was simple and effective in repairing unilateral incomplete cleft lip.

Objective To investigate the predialysis education on dialysis timing of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods 129 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and serum creatinine(Scr)＞442μmol/L, endogenous creatinine clearance rate (Ccr)＜20 ml/min were randomly divided into the experimental group(70 cases) and the control group(59 cases), the experimental group received predialysis education, the control group received routine care.The basic situation, dialysis timing, depression and quality of life on the 6th,12th months after dialysis were assessed. Results There was no significant difference in age, sex, education background, health care payment manners, employment, serum creatinine, endogenous creatinine clearance rate before education.For the timing of dialysis, Ccr for the experimental group was (9.49 ± 0.77)ml/min, Ccr for the control group was (4.54 ±1.79) ml/min,the difference was significant, depression and quality of life between two groups after 6,12 months of dialysis was also statistically different. Conclusions Strengthening predialysis education is conducive to a timely start of dialysis and can effectively improve the quality of life in patients with ESRD.

Objective To investigate the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor one(NMDA-R1 )in visceral hypersensitivity forming of Sprague-Dawley rat model induced by transient Trichinella spiralis intestinal infection.Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into healthy control group,visceral hypersensitivity group,0.9％ NaCl group and MK-801 group.The rats in visceral hypersensitivity group,0.9％NaCl group and MK-801 group were given Trichinella spiralis to establish infection model.After eight weeks,the rats in 0.9％NaCl group and MK-801 group were given 0.9 ％ NaCl and MK-801 respectively.The abdominal muscular electrical activity of each group was observed under 20,40,60 and 80 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) colorectal distension pressure.After abdominal muscular electrical activity recorded,rats were sacrificed and the colon specimens were collected.The expression of NMDA-R1 at protein level was detected by Western blot.The data were analyzed by LSD test and Bivariate correlation.Results There was significant correlation between areas under curve (AUC) of abdominal muscular electrical activity electromyography and distension pressure in healthy control group,visceral hypersensitivity group,0.9％ NaCl group and MK-801 group (r=0.823,0.618,0.913,0.889 respectively,all P＜0.01).Under 20,40,60,80 mm Hg distension pressure,there was significant difference in AUC between MK-801 group and visceral hypersensitivity group (LSD test,all P＜0.05).The AUC of MK-801 group was lower than that of healthy control group,but there was significant difference (LSD test,P =0.029) only when distension pressure was at 80 mm Hg.The integral optical density value of NMDA-R1 protein of MK-801 group (1.238 ±0.210) was significantly lower than that of visceral hypersensitivity group (2.231±0.450) and 0.9％NaCl group (2.104±0.220) (LSD teat,P=0.025,0.046).The JA value of NMDA-R1 protein of visceral hypersensitivity group and 0.9％NaCl group was significantly higher than that of healthy control group (LSD test,P =0.007,0.014).Conclusion The visceral hypersensitivity forming was correlated with the high expression of NMDA-R1,and it could be adjusted by inhibiting NMDA-R1 expression in enteric nervous system.

With the maturation of laparoscopic surgical technology and the development of surgical instruments,the scope of application for laparoscopie surgery has expanded constantly in recent years.It is now possible to perform total laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (TLDP).Cuschieri succeeded in performing laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy and slpenectomy in 1996,and in the same year,Kimura successfully performed spleen-preserving laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy.However,few successful spleen-preserving TLDP cases have been reported domestically or abroad.We made a success in a case of spleenpreserving TLDP with preservation of the splenic artery and vein in 2011,and the experiences of this surgical approach were introduced.

Objective To investigate the effects of cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) on regulating visceral sensitivity in rats with acute partial restraint stress. Methods Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into blank control (sham stress), acute stress and CB1R groups with 10 each. The frequency of discharge of electromyogram (EMG) was recorded at the 1st, 2nd, 5th and 8th day to evaluate the visceral sensitivity to colorectal distension (CRD) in rats. The expression of the CB1R mRNA was determined by means of RT-PCR at day 8. Results There was no significant difference in baseline discharge frequency among three groups at the 1st day. But the discharge frequencies corresponding to CRD at 40,60,80 mm Hg at the 2nd day were significantly lower in CB1R group [(22.37±1.49)/min, (42.24±3.03)/min and (69.09±5.54)/min, respectively] than in acute stress group [(39.71±1.84)/min, (84.45±8.85)/min and (112.56±11.66)/min, respectively, P<0.05)]. The discharge frequencies corresponding to CRD at 40, 60,80 mm Hg in acute stress group [(104.12±6.77)/min, (158.07±18.68)/min, (193.58±25.69)/min,respectively] showed a significant elevation at the 5th day in comparison with blank control group[(36.33±5.42)/min, (74.07±8.25)/min, (102.94±7.95)/min, respectively, P<0.05] or CB1R group [(74.66±6.44)/min,(140.10±4.68)/min and (160.39±5.60)/min,respectively, P<0.05]. However, at the 8th day after stress, there was no significant difference in discharge frequency among three groups. The expressions of CB1R mRNA in ileocecal junction, proximal colonic and distal colonic tissues were significantly higher in acute stress group (2.53±0.52, 2.29±0.42, 2.54±0.29 respectively) than in blank control group(0.56±0.15, 0. 73±0.12, 0.82±0.09, respectively, P<0.05). There was no effect of CB1R agonist on CB1R mRNA expression in rats. Conclusion The visceral sensitivity in rats induced by stress can trigger the accommodation of endogenous cannabinoid system that plays an important role in modulation of visceral sensitivity.

Objective To investigate the role of synaptic plasticity on the formation of visceral hypersensitivity induced by transient intestinal infection in rats. Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal control, acute infection and chronic infection groups with 10 each. The area under curve (AUC) of electromyography (EMG) in 10 s was used to evaluate the visceral sensitivity induced by different eolorectal distention (20,40,60 and 80 mmHg). Histological change of the colon was evaluated by H-E staining. Synaptic uhrastrueture such as synaptic cleft and synaptic vesicles was observed using transmission electron mieroseope. The mRNA and protein expressions of synaptophysin and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. significantly higher than those of normal controls(P=0. 012, 0. 005, respectively ). In contrast, AUC of acute infection were significantly lower than those of normal controls ( P = 0. 018,0. 012, respectively ). Under the distention of 20 and 80 mmHg, no significant difference was observed among three groups (P= rats compared to normal controls(23.45±4.10 vs. 9.10±2.42, P=0. 027),but there was no statistical difference between chronic infection rats and normal controls (13. 95±7.96 vs. 9.15±2.42, P=0.78). increased. In acute infection rats, mitochondria cristae disappeared, synaptic vesicles and the length of controls, mRNA and protein of synaptophysin in ileocecum, proximal colon and distal colon were significantly increased in chronic infection rats (P＜0. 05 ), but decreased in acute infection rats with no significant difference. Compared with controls, no significant downregulation was noted in the expression protein expressions of PSD-95 were both increased in chronic infection rats (P＜0.05), and decreased in acute infection rats (P＜0.05). Conclusion Synaptic plasticity plays an important role in the formation of visceral hypersensitivity induced by transient intestinal infection in rats.

Objective To study the expression changes of?-catenin in the hair follicle before and after GasderminA3 gene mutation.Methods Using SP immunohistochemical staining,RT-PCR,Western blotting to detect the expression of?-catenin in the hair follicle in GSDMa3 mutant and C57BL/6(B6) mice on postnatal 11(anagen) ,16(early catagen) ,18(late catagen) and 24 d(telogen) respectively.Results The expression of?-catenin is gradually weakened from 11 d to 24 d in GSDMa3 mutation mice and B6 mice,but stronger expression was found in GSDMa3 mutation mice than in the B6 mice at different time points.In anagen,?-catenin was expressed in the inner and outer root sheath and hair matrix cells,with stronger expression in GSDMa3 mutant mice than in B6 mice.In catagen,?-catenin was mainly expressed in the outer root sheath and hair matrix cells,with more stronger expression in GSDMa3 mutant mice than in B6 mice.In telogen,?-catenin was expressed in the outer root sheath cells in the mutant mice while little in the hair follicle in B6 mice.Conclusion GSDMa3 gene affects the hair follicle growth and development,probably through regulating the expression of?-catenin.