Objective To observe the effect of adenosine A1 receptor on pain and electroacupuncture analgesia, and to explore the action mechanism of electroacupuncture in analgesia.Method Adjuvant arthritis rats were taken as the study subjects. 24 rats were randomized into a normal group, a model group and an electroacupuncture (EA) group, 8 rats in each group. The pain threshold was evaluated by using thermal radiation method, immunohistochemical method and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were adopted to observe the expression of adenosine A1 receptor in hypothalamus and spinal cord.Result One day after modeling, the pain thresholds of right hind paw in the model group and EA group were significantly changed compared to that before modeling in the same group (P<0.01). The pain thresholds of right hind paw in the model group and EA group were significantly different from that in the normal group one day after modeling (P<0.01). 7 d after modeling, the pain threshold of right hind paw in the model group was still significantly lower than that before modeling in the same group (P<0.01), and it was significantly different from that in the normal group and EA group (P<0.01). The pain threshold was significantly enhanced in the EA group 7 d after modeling, and was significantly different from that of 1 d after modeling in the same group (P<0.01). The positive cell expression was lower in the model group and was significantly different from that in the normal group (P<0.01). The expression of adenosine A1 receptor in the EA group was markedly higher than that in the model group (P<0.01). The expression of adenosine A1 receptor in hypothalamus and spinal cord of the model group was significantly lower than that of the normal group (P<0.01). The expression of adenosine A1 receptor in hypothalamus and spinal cord of EA group was markedly higher than that of the model group (P<0.01).Conclusion EA can up-regulate the expression of adenosine A1 receptor in hypothalamus and spinal cord of adjuvant arthritis rats.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of the drugs alternation multiple stages and long term therapy in elderly patients with recurrent urinary tract infection.Methods The patients were divided into elderly group (age≥65 years,n=30) and non-elderly group (n=48).The multiple effective antibiotics were selected for alternate use.The treatment included four periods as follows:(1)Treatment period:the regular dose of antibiotic was maintained until the urine routine test result became normal;(2)Consolidation period:the dosage of antibiotic was reduced;(3)Maintenance period:the dosage of antibiotic was reduced to once every night and the treatment should be kept for three months;(4)Observation period:the patients were observed for six months after withdrawal of antibiotics.During the treatment,if the urine routine test became abnormal repeatedly,the patient should return to the previous treatment period.During the treatment and consolidation period,each medication should be applied for one week alternatively.Results Among 78 patients,69 cases (88.5%) were cured,7 cases (8.9%) were effective,and two cases (2.56%) were invalid.There were 28 cured cases,1 effective case and 1 invalid case in elderly group.The corresponding data were 41,6 and 1 in non-elderly group,respectively.There was no difference in cure rate between the two groups (F= 0.469).Compared with non-elderly group,the overall treatment time [(54.8± 16.2)weeks vs.(44.5± 13.7) weeks,t= 2.8467,P＜0.01],treatment period [( 34.3± 15.2) weeks vs.(26.2±14.8) weeks,t=2.2081,P＜0.05] and consolidation period [(5.7±2.6) weeks vs.(4.1±0.2) weeks,t=3.9369,P＜0.01] were all prolonged in elderly group.But there was no difference in maintenance period [(14.8±4.6) weeks vs.(14.2±3.1) weeks,t=0.6480,P＞0.05].There were no markedly changes in blood routine,liver and kidney function during the course of treatment.Conclusions For the elderly patients with recurrent urinary tract infection,the drugs alternation,multiple stages and long-term treatment has a high cure rate and no adverse effect on blood routine,liver and renal function.

Objective To evaluate the CT image features of urinary tract inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) for use in clinical and differential diagnosis.Methods Eight pathologically proven IMT cases were retrospectively analyzed in this study.There were six female patients and two male patients.Patient average age was 35 (13-62) years.The main clinical manifestations were hematuria and urination pain.Tumors were found in the bladder in 5 cases,in ureter in 2 cases and in urethra in 1 case.All the 8 cases accepted CT scan five of which had contrast enhanced CT scan.The imaging features were then analyzed.Results Of the IMT in bladder,CT scan showed a cauliflower like bladder tumor or round soft tissue mass with even or uneven density of 11.5-36.0 HU.Three tunors were accompanied with necrosis.Four cases had associated adjacent bladder wall thickening and two cases were found with fuzzy surrounding fat space.Ureteral lesions in two cases showed a solid mass with smooth edges and even density of 40.3 HU compared to the surrounding muscle.The urethral lesions had clear mass realm of 17.5-22.6 HU accompanied with calcification.Enhanced CT scan showed that homogeneous or heterogeneous mild to moderate enhancement was found in the tumor.Delayed phase showed consistant enhancement of 102.7-118.6 HU.Conclusion Tumor CT imaging features,particularly the significant and consistant enhancement in delayed phase,provide important information for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the urinary tract IMT.

AIM To study the influence of chronic stress on the level of CNTF and CNTF mRNA in hippocampal neurons of rats. METHODS The chronic stress model was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress, openfield test was performed to detect the behavior of rats. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to observe the level of CNTF and CNTF mRNA. RESULTS Compared to control group, the CNTF like immunoreactivity and signals of CNTF mRNA in situ hybridization in the hippocampal neurons of chronic stress group were significantly decreased. CONCLUSION These results show that chronic stress can significantly decrease the level of CNTF and CNTF mRNA in the hippocampal neurons of rats.

Herpesviruses is one of the most common human infectious diseases, which can be divided into different types based on clinical infection degree.Herpes simplex virus usually results in buccal and genital mucocutaneous infections, while cytomegalovirus is the most common opportunistic pathogen associated with significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts, especially in transplant and cancer patients.Although nucleoside analogues are effective antiviral drugs, the emergence of drug-resistant viruses has created a barrier for the treatment of herpesviruses infections, especially in immunocompromised patients.Therefore, novel therapeutic agents are needed to avoid the limitations of drug resistance.In this article, research progress in the therapeutic agents for drug-resistant herpesviruses was reviewed from the aspects of non-nucleoside analogues, novel antiviral targets and newly antiviral mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of different doses of sufentanil citrate on hemodynamic indexes and stress response indexes of Crouzon syndrome children with craniofacial reconstruction. METHODS:60 cases of Crouzon syndrome under-going craniofacial reconstruction were selected from our hospital during Jan. 2010-Jan. 2016,and then randomly divided into group A,group B and group C,with 20 cases in each group. 3 groups were given pump injection of Propofol injection 4-8 mg/(kg·h)for anesthesia induction+Sufentanil citrate injection [group A 0.3 μg/(kg·h),pump injection;group B 0.6 μg/(kg·h),pump injection;group C 1.0 μg/kg,iv,0.5 h/time] for anesthesia maintenance, Cisatracurium besilate for injection 0.1 mg/kg,iv,every 40 min, drug withdrawal 5 min before the end of surgery. The hemodynamic indexes(MAP,HR)and stress response indexes(ACTH,cor-tisol)were observed in 3 groups at different time points as well as the occurrence of ADR. RESULTS:MAP levels of group C at 5 min after skin incision,1 h after operation and immediately at the end of surgery were significantly higher than before anesthesia, while those of group B were significantly higher than group C at same time points. HR of group A at 1 h after surgery and that of group B at 5 min after skin incision and 1 h after surgery were significantly higher than before anesthesias;HR of group B at 1 h after surgery was significantly lower than that of group A,and its HR at 5 min after skin incision and 1 h after surgery were signifi-cantly lower than those of group C. ACTH levels of 3 groups at 5 min after skin incision,1 h after surgery and immediately after the end of surgery were significantly higher than before anesthesia. ACTH levels of group B at 5 min after skin incision,1 h after surgery and immediately after the end of surgery were significantly lower than those of group A and C,and the group A was signifi-cantly lower than the group C at same time points. Cortisol levels of group A at 1 h after surgery,and those of group C at 5 min af-ter skin incision,1 h after surgery and immediately after the end of surgery were significantly higher than before anesthesia. Corti-sol levels of group B at 1 h after surgery were significantly lower than those of group A;cortisol levels of group A at 5 min after skin incision and immediately after the end of surgery and those of group B at 5 min after skin incision,1 h after surgery and imme-diately after the end of surgery were all significantly lower than those of group C. There were statistical significance all above(P<0.05). No obvious ADR was found in 3 groups. CONCLU-SIONS:Pump injection of sufentanil citrate 0.6 μg/(kg·h) can maintain analgesic effect of Crouzon syndrome children with craniofacial reconstruction,can keep hemodynamics sta-ble and effectively inhibit stress response during surgery with good safety.

Objective To identify the risk factors of refractory secretory otitis and analyse the results .Meth-ods The study subjects were 42 patients(56 ears) with secretory secretory otitis media from June 2003 to June 2011 ,all patients were performed with ears ,nose ,pharynx and throat routine inspection and mastoid HRCT .All patients were retrospectively analyzed possible risk factors :suchas history ,infection ,eustachian tube dysfunction , chronic sinusitis ,deflection of nasal septum ,nose pharynx ministry malignant tumor ,tonsillitis ,adenoid hypertro-phy ,allergic rhinitis ,etc .Results In the multivariate analysis of 42 patients(56 ears) with refractory secretory oti-tis media and the control group of 50 patients(66 ears) ,statistically significant in the history (χ2 = 9 .814 ,P<0 .01) ,mastoid pneumatization adverse (χ2 =15 .301 ,P<0 .01) ,and allergic rhinitis (χ2 =32 .614 ,P<0 .01)were observed .Two of them were found to be significant in the logistic regression model :mastoid pneumatization adverse (OR=4 .44) ,and allergic rhinitis(OR = 15 .13) .Patients of mastoid pneumatization adverse with refractory otitis media is 4 .164 times (95% CI ,1 .903 ~9 .112);patients of allergic rhinitis was 17 .192 times higher than that of in no allergic patients (95% CI ,5 .850 ~ 50 .524) .Conclusion Mastoid pneumatization adverse and allergic rhinitis are the risk factors for refractory secretory otitis media .

https://www.cjrtponline.com/CN/abstract/abstract1669.shtml

Objective To investigate the incremental value of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT imaging in the preoperative diagnosis of PHPT.Methods Forty-one patients (13 males,28 females,age range:14-82 (50.0± 13.2) years)with PHPT were retrospectively enrolled.99Tcm-MIBI dual-phase planar scan,SPECT/CT imaging,CT and neck ultrasound were performed before surgery.All patients had pathological results.McNemarx2 test was used to compare the detection rates of the four imaging methods.ROI method was applied to calculate the uptake ratio (T/NT) and Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate correlation between T/NT and serum intact PTH,Ca,the lesion volume measured after parathyroidectomy.Results A total of 42 parathyroid lesions were confirmed by pathology.There were 39 patients with parathyroid adenoma (2 with double adenomas,and 37 with single adenoma containing 2 ectopic adenomas) and 1 patient with parathyroid carcinoma.The detection rate of planar scan,SPECT/CT imaging,CT and neck ultrasound were 78.0％ (32/41),92.7％ (38/41),73.2％ (30/41) and 70.7％ (29/41) respectively.Detection rate of SPECT/CT imaging was significantly higher than that of planar scan,CT or ultrasonography (x2 =4.17,4.90,5.82,all P＜0.01).However there were no remarkable differences between the detection rate of planar scan and that of CT or ultrasonography (x2=0.08,0.36,both P＞0.05).Detection rates of CT and ultrasonography were not significantly different either (x2 =1.90,P＞0.05).T/NT in delayed planar imaging were significantly correlated with PTH,Ca and the lesion volume measured after parathyroidectomy (r =0.56,0.54,0.56,all P＜0.01).Conclusions Compared with 99Tcm-MIBI dual-phase planar scan,CT and ultrasonography,SPECT/CT imaging could be of important clinical value for preoperative localization of PHPT because of its higher detection rate and accurate anatomical localization ability.

Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of remifentanil on learning and memory ability,the expression of hippocampal tissue phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (p-CREB)in developing rats.Methods A total of 72 Sprague-Dawley rats (1 9-23 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =18 each):Group C:normal saline control group;R1,R2, R3 group received continuous intraperitoneal remifentanil 1,5,10 μg·kg-1 ·min-1 for 2 hours re-spectively.Both total volume of remifentanil and saline were 2 ml.The SpO 2 and pulse rates were mo-nitored during the experiment.Step-down test was used to evaluate the learning and memory ability, while Western blot analysis was performed to measure the expression of hippocampal p-CREB protein in 4 h,24 h,1 week when the rats were awake.Results Compared with group C,group R1 and R2, pulse rates of group R3 decreased significantly (P <0.05 ),but the changes of SpO 2 in each group were not statistically significant.At 4 h point:compared with group C and group R1,the error times in step-down test were increased in both group R2 and R3,the latencies were shortened (P <0.05);Compared with group R2,the error times were increased in group R3,latency was shortened (P <0.05).At 24 h point,compared with group C and group R1,the error times were increased in group R2,R3,latencies were shortened (P < 0.05 );Compared with group R2,the error times were in-creased in group R3,latency was shortened (P <0.05 ).The error times and latency of each group had not statistical significance in one week.At 4 h point,the expression of p-CREB protein in hippo-campus of group R3 downregulated compared with group C and group R1,R2,respectively (P <0.05).At 24 h point,the expression of p-CREB protein in hippocampus of group R2,R3 decreased compared with group C and group R1 respectively(P <0.05);The expression of p-CREB protein in each group had no statistical significance in one week.Conclusion 5-10 μg · kg-1 · min-1 dose of remifentanil can result in a decline of learning and memory ability in the developing rats in short-term,and the mechanism may relate to the inhibition of p-CREB protein expression in hippocampus.