Hair from 16 scalps of different ages (from 5 months to 77 years old) have been observed with SEM. The surface ultrastructure of the cuticle of the hair shaft is distinctly seen. The cuticles are arranged like shingles. Their free margins direct toward the end of the hair. The appearance and diameter of the shaft vary from age to age. The hair shaft of fetus is very fine. The cuticles are so broad that a single cuticle may encircle the shaft. They are parallel to each other. The intervals between successive free margins of cuticles are wide. Their free margin is smooth. The hair shaft of a 5-year old child is coarse. The cuticles vary in size. It requires a number of cuticles to encircle the shaft. The free margin becomes jagged and curved with microprotrusions on it. The intervals between free margins of the cuticles vary in width. The hair shaft of the youths is coarser. The cuticles are broad and arranged regularly. The intervals between free margins of the cuticles are comparatively narrow. There are numerous well developed microprotrusions on the free margin. The hair shaft of the middle aged is the coarsest and the intervals between free margins of the cuticles are the narrowest of all. There are less microprotrusions than those of the youths'. They are getting less and less, so that the free margin is partly smooth. Many cracks perpendicular to the free margin appear apparently and much debris fallen from the cuticle is attached to the surface of the the shaft. Sometimes falling of a whole cuticle may be observed. The hair shaft of the aged people is finer than that of the youths'. The intervals between cuticles with loose squamous arrangement are wider than those seen in the young and middle aged people. The free margin is usually smooth with only a few microprotrusions if any. Sometimes big and deep holes may be found on the surface of white hair. It is considered that the diameter of hair shaft, the size and arrangement of cuticles, the characteristic structures of free margin, the number of microprotrusions and with or without small debris attached to or holes appeared on the shaft are all related to age.

Objective To discuss the relationship between heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and oxygen consumption in therapeutic exercises for stroke patients. Methods Eighteen stroke patients a-ble to walk independently participated in the test. K4b2 Pulmonary Function Equipment was used to record their heart Rates(min-1)and specific oxygen consumption(ml·min-1·kg-1)during the following exercises:relaxed sitting,sit-to-stand transfers, leaning against a wall and elevating the hips (strength training of the gluteus maximus) , raising the unaffected leg while the affected leg is weight bearing, raising the affected leg while the unaffected leg is weight bearing, climbing up and down stairs, and walking 60 meters. RPE was surveyed after each exercise. Results The correlation between HR and oxygen consumption was moderate (r = 0.618, P≤0.001), but it was weak between RPE and oxygen consumption (r = 0.325 ,P≤0.001). Conclusion Heart rate is a better index than RPE for eval-uating exercise intensity with stroke patients able to walk independently.

Objective To analyze and investigate clinical characteristics, pathogenesis and treatment of urinary tract infection and aseptic meningitis. Methods Clinical features and laboratory tests of a two-month-old baby girl with urinary tract infection and aseptic meningitis were reported. Results The patient complained of fever, neck stiffness and a bulging fontanel, accompanied by congestion and abnormal secretion of urethra. The cerebrospinal lfuid (CSF) white blood cell count was 30×106/L. The blood culture and the CSF culture were both negative. And the urine culture was positive for Enterococcus faecium. The patient received a 10-day course of intravenous antibiotic therapy. The prognosis is good with no recurrence of the disease. Conclusions Aseptic meningitis can be concomitant with urinary tract infection, The probable hypothesis may be that sterile CSF pleocytosis is mediated by urinary tract infection. Knowledge of this may prevent unnecessary antibiotics therapy for presumed bacterial meningitis.

Objective: To study the status of indomethacin (IDM) in IDM enteric-coated dropping pills and its interaction with PEG 6000.Methods: IDM, PEG 6000, their physical mixture and IDM enteric-coated dropping pills were respectively studied by DSC, IR, X-ray diffraction and SEM.Results: In the map of DSC, the endothermic peak of IDM enteric-coated dropping pills disappeared at 164℃, and the endothermic peak of PEG 6000 at 57℃ shifted forward.In the map of IR, the carbonyl stretching vibration peak of IDM in IDM enteric-coated dropping pills disappeared, and a new peak appeared at 1 680 cm-1.In the map of X-ray diffraction, there was no diffraction peak in IDM enteric-coated dropping pills.SEM showed the morphology of IDM in the base was much smaller than that of IDM raw material.Conclusion: IDM in IDM enteric-coated dropping pills is dispersed in the matrix with an amorphous or molecular form, and there is hydrogen bond between IDM and PEG 6000.

Objective To study the expression of bivalent DNA vaccine against Schistosoma japonicum in vitro/vivo and lasting time in vivo. Methods The bivalent DNA pVIVO2-SjFABP/Sj23 was transfected transiently into the human embryonic kidney cells of the line 293. RT-PCR was used to detect the expressions of SjFABP and Sj23 mRNA in the 293 cells. Indirect immunofluorescence antibody test(IFAT) was used to detect the expressions of SjFABP and Sj23 proteins. Twelve BALB/c mice were inoculated with pVIVO2-SjFABP/Sj23 via intramuscular injection. Two blood samples were collected from eye sockets and two mice were vivi-perfused each month. This work lasted for 6 months. IFAT was used to detect the expression of proteins in skeletal muscle. Western-blot was used to detect the serum IgG level. Results RT-PCR and IFAT showed the expressions of SjFABP and Sj23 in the HEK-293 cells. IFAT showed SjFABP/ Sj23 was present in vivo at least for 6 months. Special IgG was not detected by Western blot. Conclusions pVIVO2-SjFABP/Sj23, bivalent DNA vaccine, could express correctly in vitro/vivo, and lasts for 6 months at least in vivo.

Purpose: To investigate the antitumor efficacy of intra-tumoral administration of plasmid DNA expressing mIL-12 in murine H22 liver tumor models grafted subcutaneously. Methods: Plasmid encoding mIL12 was constructed and examined the expression of cytokine in the eukaryotic cell through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proliferation assay of T lymphoblasts was performed for measuring the biological activity of expressed mIL12. After intra-tumoral administration of plasmid DNA, mean diameters of the tumor mass and survival time were measured in each murine models group. Lactic dehydrogenase ( LDH) assay was performed to examine whether or not treatment with different plasmid DNA could induce systemic cytolytic activity of lymphocytes against parental H22 cells. Histopathological analysis was operated after administration of plasmid DNA vectors in each murine model group. Results: Growth of liver tumor was significantly inhibited( F =4. 10, P =0. 03), and activity of CTL against H22 was enhanced in mIL12 gene therapy group as compared with the control group. In the focal treated with pDC511mIL12 plasmid DNA, inflammatory cell infiltration was more extensive and necrosis was more definite than control group at 1 month after DMA injection. Conclusions: Intra-tumoral administration of plasmid DNA encoding interleukin-12 could inhibit the growth of H22 liver tumor and induce the host antitumor immune response efficiently in the murine model.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of intravenous procaine analgesia. Method: Six adult patients, ASA grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ, scheduled for abdominal surgery were investigated. Anesthesia was induced with intravenous fentanyl and propofol. Endotracheal intubation was facilitated with vecuronium. Anesthesia was maintained with continuous intravenous infusion of procaine(1mg?kg~(-1)?min~(-1))and inhalation of isoflurane. All patients were artifically ventilated with 100% O_2. Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)and plasma concentrations of procaine were measured with gascbromatography 10,20,30 and 60 min following initiation of the constant infusion of procaine,at 5th, 15th, 30th and 60th min after the discontinuation. Result: Plasma steady-state levels were achieved within 30 min after commencement of the continuous infusion of procaine, The mean plasma steady-state level was 14.8?2.95?g/ml. Fifteen min after discontinuing the procaine infusion, 78% of plasma procaine content was eliminated. CSF steady-stale level was not achieved until 15 min after discontinuing the procaine infusion. The mean CSF steady state level was 4.47?0.94?g/ml. The elimination of the procaine in CSF was quite slow,and at 60th min after discontinuing the infusion,the mean CSF procaine level was 1.85?0.19?g/ml. Conclusion: The delayed total subarachnoid blockade induced by procaine infusion may be the mechanism of intravenous procaine analgesia.

Objective:To study the pharmacokinetics of indometacin (IDM) enteric-coated dropping pills.Methods:Beagle dogs were used as the experimental animals and the marketed IDM enteric-coated tablets were applied as the control,the pharmacokinetics of IDM enteric-coated dropping pills was studied after a single oral administration.DAS software was used for the model fit and parameter calculation,and the bioequivalence was also evaluated.Results:Both IDM enteric-coated dropping pills and tablets were fitted a one-compartment model.Compared with those of IDM enteric-coated tablets,the Cmax,Tmax,AUC0-∞and Tlag of IDM enteric-coated dropping pills all showed notable differences (P<0.05),and the former two increased significantly,and the latter two were shortened significantly.The relative bioavailability of the dropping pills was (121.0±7.7)%.Conclusion:Compared with IDM enteric-coated tablets,IDM enteric-coated dropping pills are with significantly enhanced absorption and shortened lag time,which is worthy of further studies and development.

60%(lot number 20040828, Jiahui, Shanghai, China).METHODS:Rabbit autologous BMSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro.At the third passage, BMSCs at 2?1010/L were combined on 3 cm?2 cm gelatin sponge.Each gelatin sponge contained 60 ?L cell suspension, placed in a cell incubator for 4 hours for further use.In each group, rabbit models of steroid-associated femoral head necrosis were established by liquid nitrogen frozen method.After natural rewarming, a hole was drilled.Rabbits in the model control group were left intact.Rabbits in the decompression group were implanted with gelatin sponge.Rabbits of the BMSC transplantation and theaflavin + BMSC transplantation groups were implanted with gelatin sponge with rabbit autologous BMSCs, and perfused with 250 mg theaflavin three time every day till death.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The following parameters were measured:general conditions of animals;signal changes in the femoral head necrosis region were observed in the hip by magnetic resonance imaging scanning.Histology of femoral head samples was observed.Results of scanning electron microscope observation.RESULTS:After 8 weeks, rabbits became more active than before treatment, and walking way became normal gradually in the BMSC transplantation, theaflavin + BMSC transplantation groups.Four weeks after model induction, magnetic resonance imaging signal region of all groups had no obvious changes, but 8 weeks later, the necrosis signal region of the model control group magnified while it reduced obviously in the decompression group.Low signal region range became slightly small in the cell transplantation group.The low signal region range became significantly small in the theaflavin + BMSC transplantation group, and bone density signal was nearly normal.Compared with other three groups, positive number of empty lacunae significantly reduced in the theaflavin + BMSC transplantation group at 4 and 8 weeks following model induction(P

Objective To investigate the relationship between l evels of FⅦc and features of IR as well as macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes.Methods The 2001-10~2002-08 FⅦc levels were measured by a one -stage biological assay in patients with type 2 diabetes and controls.Results (1)Type 2 diabetic patients had significantly higher FⅦc than control subjects.(2)FⅦc levels were higher in the type 2 diabetes w ith macrovascular complications than in those without macrovascular complication s.(3)FⅦc levels correlated positively with most features of IR.Conclusion FⅦc levels are increased in type 2 diabetic pat ients.Elevated FⅦc may be an important sign of IR and may contribute to type 2 diabetes and its macrovascular diseases.