The distribution of TrkA and the postnatal development(PD) of TrkA and ChAT-immunoreactive(-IR) neurons andthe relation between them in the basal nucleus of Meynert of rats were studied with immunohistochemical method. The number,mean profile areas and grey degree of TrkA-IR and ChAT-IR neurons were examined with image analyser. The data revealed thatTrkA-IR neurons were localized in the basal forebrain of rats. TrkA immunostaining was present at PDI, but ChAT was not.ChAT immunostaining was present at PD5. Most densely stained TrkA and ChAT neuronal bodies and fibers were present atPD20, the mean grey degrees of TrkA-IR and ChAT-IR neuronal profiles reached its peak. Both TrkA and ChAT neurons beganto cline at PD30 and maintained a relatively higher level in the adult. However, during aging both TrkA and ChAT-IR neuronsatrophy and became smaller than that in the adult. The number of TrkA-IR and ChAT-IR neurons were decreased by 41.38% and 51.61%; the mean profile areas decreased by 15.7% and 12.8%; and the mean grey degrees by 29.9% and 9.9%, respec-tively. The mean profile areas of TrkA-IR and ChAT-IR neurons from PD5 to aged rats were positively correlated. The resultsindicated that the expression of TrkA was earlier than ChAT. The expression of TrkA and ChAT followed a very similar tempo-ral pattern in the basal nucleus of Meynert from PD5 to aged rats, suggesting that TrkA might participate the regulation ofChAT-IR neuronal development, differentiation, maturation, and ageing. The down-regulation of TrkA and ChAT of aged ratsis associated with neuronal atrophy and loss and may contribute to the pronounced vulnerability of these neurons to degenerationin aging animals and Alzheimer's disease.

Background and purpose:For the past few years, HPV DNA has been detected in the peripheral blood in the patients with cervical cancer and believed to be a promising tumor marker, but because the concentration in the patients' serum was extremely low, it made it difficult to detect the circulating HPV DNA. In order to find a way to improve the sensitivity of the assay, this study compared and evaluated three methods that are currently being used to measure HPV DNA in the extraction from serum of cervical cancer patients. Methods:51 patients were pathologically proved to be cervical cancer and enrolled into the study. DNA from their sera was extracted by three methods:(1) Phenol-chloroform extraction, (2) UNIQ-10 collumn virus DNA kit(SANGON,Shanghai), (3) QIAamp MinElute Virus spin kit(QIAGEN,Germany). Then the HPV DNA was quantitated by PCR using GP5+/GP6+ primers.Results:Either fresh or short-term storage sera has been used The positive rates were 14.3%, 5.7%, and 57.1% with three assays, respectively. But when long-term storage samples were used to quantitate, the positive rates were low regardless of the methods being used.Conclusions:QIAamp MinElute Virus spin kit was the most sensitive for the content of serum HPV DNA, it could improve the positive rate for the assay if the serum was not stored for long time.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Methods Clinical data of one case of PTLD,including clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment,were retrospectively analyzed.And the related literatures were reviewed.Results From January 2007 to November 2012,one case developed PTLD among 196 patients who were followed up after HSCT in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.The incidence of PTLD was 0.5％.Clinical manifestations of the patient were not typical,including frequent fever,multiple lymphadenopathy and multiple pulmonary nodules.The patient was diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (B-DLCL) by pathological examination of the swollen lymph node.After withdrawal of immunosuppressants,the temperature returned to normal,and lymphadenopathy and pulmonary nodules disappeared completely.Conclusion PTLD is a severe complication of HSCT with distinctive morphologic and clinical characteristics.The origin of this disease may be associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection and imrnunosuppressive therapy.It needs the pathologic detection to make a definite diagnosis.Several different treatment strategies have been employed,and reduction of immunosuppressive therapy may lead to regression of PTLD.

Thirty seven patients with venous thromboembolic disease in puerperium were admitted to hospital from January 2005 to December 2008; the clinical data of patients were retrospectively analyzed.The average age of patients was (33 ± 6)years (21 -42 years); the average onset time was ( 10 ± 6) d( 1 -50 d) after delivery.Seven patients had vaginal birth and 30 by cesarean section.The risk factors included pregnancy,cesarean section,age,infection,thrombophilia.All were diagnosed by ultrasonography and treated by anticoagulant,antiplatelet and thrombolytic therapy in the acute phase,followed by wearing elastic compressive stockings for more than 2 years.Pulmonary embolism was diagnosed in 8 patients by CT angiography,in 7 of whom inferior vena cava filter was administrated emergently.The patients were followed up for (29 ± 10)months ( 12 -60 months); during the follow-up 3 developed deep vein post-thrombosis syndrome,while others kept in good condition.The results indicate that initial anticoagulant,antiplatelet and thrombolytic therapy followed by elastic compressive stockings administration is effective for venous thromboembolic disease during puerperium.

Objective To investigate the CT manifestations of chronic virus hepatitis Methods According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the clinical data and laboratory information of 120 patients with chronic virus hepatitis B were reviewed retrospectively. All patients underwent standardized contrast enhanced spiral CT dual phase scanning of the upper abdomen. The changes of the liver, bile duct, spleen, portal venous system, lymph node of the upper abdomen, peritoneal cavity and pleural cavity were observed and noted. Results CT manifestations of chronic virus hepatitis B were as follows: ①changes of the configuration and shape of the liver, ② changes of the density of the liver, ③intrahepatic perivascular lucency, ④thickening of gallbladder wall and edema of the gallbladder fossa, ⑤splenomegaly, ⑥enlargement of abdominal lymph nodes, ⑦ascites, ⑧abnormalities related to portal hypertension (collateral circulation), and ⑨secondary thoracic changes (pleural and pericardial effusion). ]Conclusion Chronic virus hepatitis B can demonstrate several abnormal findings involving the liver, gallbladder, lymph nodes, spleen, etc on contrast enhanced CT scanning.

Objective By using multi detector row spiral CT (MDCT) to investigate the CT imaging findings of gallbladder abnormalities caused by hepatic parenchymal diseases and those of inflammatory cholecystitis. Methods CT and clinical data of 80 patients with gallbladder abnormalities were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty patients were in hepatic disease group, including 20 chronic hepatitis, 25 liver cirrhosis, and 5 cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma. Thirty patients were in inflammatory group, including 19 chronic cholecystitis, 6 acute cholecystitis, 3 cholecystitis with acute pancreatitis, 1 gangrenous cholecystitis, and 1 xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. All patients underwent MDCT plain scan and contrast enhanced dual phase scanning of upper abdomen. Results In hepatic disease group, 48 cases had evenly thickened gallbladder wall (96%) with mean thickness of (3.67?0.49) mm; 38 cases had clear gallbladder outlines (76%); 38 cases had gallbladder wall enhancement of various degree (76%); 14 cases had gallbladder bed edema and localized non dependant pericholecystic fluid collection (28%). In inflammatory cholecystitis group, 28 cases had obscuring gallbladder outlines (93%) ; 26 cases had gallbladder wall evenly thickened (87%), 4 cases showed unevenly thicked wall (13%), the mean thickness being (4.54?1.14) mm; 30 cases had inhomogenous enhancement of the gallbladder wall (100%); 9 cases had high attenuation bile (30%); 4 cases had dependant pericholecystic fluid collection (13%); 5 cases had transient enhancement of adjacent hepatic bed in arterial phase (17%); micro abscess and gas in the gallbladder wall was observed in 1 case respectively. Conclusion MDCT can offer imaging findings useful for differentiating abnormal gallbladder changes caused by hepatic parenchymal diseases from those due to inflammatory cholecystitis.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and accuracy of quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in assessment of fracture healing. Methods Twenty-four healthy New Zealand rabbits were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two groups, ie, Croup A (union model group, transverse fracture open created on mid-shaft of tibia and inter-fixed by kirschner wire) and Group B (non-union model group, transverse fracture with 5 mm defect on mid-shaft of tibia open created, then sealed with bone wax on fracture gap and medulla cavity, inter-fixed by kirschner wire). At 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks, Kirschner wire was withdrawn and plain X-ray and QCT scanning were performed on the bilateral tibia. Then, rabbits were scarified and its bilateral tibia were desected and histologically examined. The result of X-ray and histological analysis was used as the "golden standard" for evaluation of fracture healing. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to analyze the evaluation performance of QCT. The corresponding segments of the contralateral healthy tibia were used as control to investigate the change of QCT parameters. Results In Group A, X-ray and histological analysis verified clear fracture line filled with irregular callus at 2 and 4 weeks but proved vague or vanishing fracture line and continuous and intact cortex of irregular callus at 8 and 16 weeks. In Group B, X-ray and histology analysis found clear fracture line with inactive ossification at 2 and 4 weeks but vague fracture line with scarce osteocyte and bone trabecula at 8 and 16 weeks. ROC analysis of QCT results showed the following results; (1) the areas under curve (accuracy) of material parameters including bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were 0.781 and 0.750 respectively; (2) structure parameter-cross-sectional area (CSA) and the area under curve of cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI) were 0.781 and 0.469 respectively (P <0.05); (3) the areas under curve of the extending parameters bone strength indices (BSICSA) and CSMI bone strength indices ( BSICSMI) were 0. 913 and 0. 813 respectively (P < 0.05); (4) the area under curve (accuracy) of BSICSA, CSA and BMD were 0.905, 0.921 and 0.905 respectively (P<0.05). Conclusions QCT has potential in distinguishing fracture union and nonunion models in measurement of local fracture pattern. The screening parameters with more accuracy are BSICSA, CSA, BMD, which have advantages of accuracy and specialty in assessing fracture healing.

Objective To establish the item pool of quality of life questionnaire of Chinese medicine for postoperative patients with colorectal cancer;To conduct preliminary item screening. Methods With the guidance of Chinese culture background and TCM theory, systematic retrospective studies on medical records, interviews, TCM syndrome entries, and entries from EORTC QLQ-CR38 were used, and theoretical structure was extracted to form the primary item pool. Item selection and entry were optimized through the investigation, and the item pool was established through expert consultation. Results Item pool was composed of 70 entries, and the pre-questionnaire scale was formed. Conclusion Extraction of item pool ensures the reliability and scientificity of soft index, also has the characteristics of Chinese medicine.

Objective To investigate the relationship between thyroid hormone levels and carotid artery disease in maintenance hemodialysis ( MHD ) patients and evaluate its value. Methods Clinical data of one hundred and twenty?one MHD patients during January 2014 to July 2016 in Yanan University Affiliated Hospital were collected. The patients were divided into the normal carotid artery group and the carotid artery lesion group according to whether there was plaque or stenosis in the carotid artery ultrasonography. Clinical data related to the carotid artery lesions was collected, and the single factors that may affect the carotid artery lesions were analyzed,multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze independent risk factors for carotid artery disease, and the greatest independent risk factor of OR value was used to establish a ROC curve for evaluating carotid atherosclerosis in patients with MHD. Results The levels of serum calcium, TC, TG, LDL?C, TSH, CRP and Hcy in the carotid artery group were higher than those in the normal group ( P<0. 05 ) . The levels of serum phosphorus and FT3 in the lesion group were lower than those in the normal group ( P<0. 05 ) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis showed that CRP ( OR=1. 620,95%CI1. 288-2. 038,P=0. 048),Hcy (OR=1. 976,95%CI 1. 135?3. 441,P=0. 021),FT3 (OR=2. 521,95%CI 1. 584-4. 012,P=0. 017) were independent risk factors for carotid artery disease. FT3 evaluation of the ROC curve showed AUC=0. 848,P=0. 000,the cut?off value was 3. 705pmol/L,the diagnostic sensitivity was 0. 670,and the specificity was 0. 879. CRP valuation of the ROC curve suggested that AUC=0. 619,P=0. 000,the cut?off value was 16. 215 mg/L,the diagnostic sensitivity was 0. 932 and the specificity was 0. 333. Hcy evaluation of the ROC curve showed AUC=0. 767,P=0. 000,the cut?off value was 12. 565μmol/L,the diagnostic sensitivity was 0. 784 and the specificity was 0. 881. Conclusion Low concentration of FT3,high concentration of Hcy and high concentration of CRP in MHD patients were independent risk factors for carotid artery disease. The use of FT3 to evaluation the carotid atherosclerosis has a certain value.

Objective To explore the effect of PDCA circulation on the effective utilization of the disposable articles in the operating room.Methods 9,362 aseptic articles for 446 operations in the departments of general surgery and hepatobiliary surgery during January to May 2012 were put in the pre-experiment group,in which PDCA circulation was not used.Another 11,973 articles for 501 operations in the same departments during June to November 2012 were set as the post-experiment group,in which PDCA circulation was used.The two groups were compared in terms of the effective utilization rate and the degree of doctor’s satisfaction with the nurses in the operation room.Result After the implementation of PDCA circulation,the effective utilization rate and the degree of doctor’s satisfaction were both significantly higher than before the implementation(both P<0.05).Conclusion PDCA circulation for the management of sterile disposable articles in the operation room may effectively improve the utilization rate of disposable articles, reduce wasting of articles and safe resources.