Liver three-dimensional simulation technology is a cross-field study of hepatic surgery,anatomy,computer image technology and virtual three-dimensional technology.Compared to the two-dimensional images,the three-dimensional technology applied to the planning of liver surgery has obvious advantages and unique features.This technology not only can three-dimensional clarity of presentation and precise positioning of the important structures of the liver inside and outside,but also allow the surgeon independent dividing a interest region of liver inside and outside.Visualization of the liver and liver volume measurement preoperative planning,can effectively reduce the risk of postoperative liver failure,the remnant liver necrosis and postoperative bile leakage.

Objective To preliminary investigate the brain areas associated with Chinese when they speak Chinese . Methods In order to determine the neural anatomic substrates employed in repeatedly speaking Chinese , 22 Chinese health volunteers were performed using blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) contrast functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on a 1.5T system .Results Our block-design fMRI studies have found many cortical areas that are associated with Chinese-English bilinguals. The cortical areas were shown as bilateral motor cortex , left anterior inferior frontal Gyrus , left anterior insula , bilateral superior temporal gyrus and bilateral cerebellum. Conclusion BOLD fMRI can reveal cortical areas that are associated with Chinese when they speak Chinese ,and it is a powerful utility to investigate language.

Objective To optimize the enzymolysis technology of ginsenoside Rg1.Methods Taking ginsenoside Rg1 content as the index,orthogonal design method was used for optimization and HPLC for determination.Results Cellulase enzymolysis was the best extracting process,and enzyme amount,enzymolysis time,and enzymolysis temperature had obvious effect on the extraction of ginsenoside Rg1.The optimum extraction technologies were as follows: cellulase amount was 1.4%,enzymolysis time 60 min,the enzymolysis temperature 45 ℃.Conclusion The optimization extraction technology is simple,steady,and the extracting rate is high.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the serum estradiol levels and susceptibility to thromboangitis obliterans(TAO) in a population of Uighurs from Xinjiang.Methods Clinical data were concluded 500 Uighur healthy male through the method of multistage and cluster sampling randomly in Xinjiang Kashi area,300 cases of Hans male came from the healthy physical examination in Xinjiang Uygurs Autonomous Region Pepole's Hospital,examining the serum estradiol levels and analysising whether had the statistical significance between Uygurs and Hans nationality.Results The estradiol levels of Uighur male was (31.49 ± 12.55) pg/ml,the hans was (26.68 ± 12.40) pg/ml,single factor analysis,the difference with plasma estradiol levels have statistical significance between ethnic groups (t =5.267,P ＜0.05),and serum estradiol levels of uygur people was higher than Hans,and the estradiol levels with different smokers and age groups,there was no statistically significant difference (t =0.346,F =1.820,P ＞0.05).Logistic regression analysis indicated that only ethnic difference have statistically significant influence on estradiol levels (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The serum estradiol levels of Uighur healthy male in Xinjiang are higher than Hans.The high serum estradiol levels may be a susceptible factor of thromboangitis obliterans to Xinjiang Uygur.

BACKGROUND:Apoptosis of chondrocytes eventualy leads to osteoarthritis. New studies find many mechanisms of chondrocyte apoptosis, but the mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced chondrocyte apoptosis is stil in the first stage. OBJECTIVE: To review how the endoplasmic reticulum stress causes the chondrocyte apoptosis and to explore a new method of treatment for osteoarthritis. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed database, CNKI database and Wangfang database between January 2000 and January 2015 was performed to search related articles with the key words of “endoplasmic reticulum stress, chondrocyte, apoptosis” in English or in Chinese, respectively. The word “AND” was used for the connection between the word retrieval. Literatures related to osteoarthritis were selected; the articles published lately in authoritative journals were preferred. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 62 literatures were primarily selected, and 57 documents were involved in result analysis according to inclusion criteria. PERK, IRE1 and ATF6 play an important role in the chondrocytes. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis mechanisms include two kinds, UPR and Ca2+start signal, but the specific mechanism and the interactions between apoptosis pathway are unclear. Inhibitory molecules for chondrocyte apoptosis in these signaling pathways as treatment targets for osteoarthritis may provide new methods for the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Objective:To assess the effectiveness and safety of radiotherapy combined with surgery for gastric cancer compared with single surgery. Methods:We retrieved relevant randomized controlled trails in Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2009), PubMed (Jan 1966-Jun 2009), EMBASE (Jan 1974-Jun 2009), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (Jan 1978-Jun 2009), Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals Database (Jan 1989-Jun 2009) ,China National Knowledge Infrastructure (Jan 1994 to Jun 2009) and Wanfang database (Jan 1997-Jun 2009). Two researchers assessed the quality of included randomized controlled trials (RCT) and extracted data independently. The RevMan 5.0 software was used for Meta-analysis. Results:Nine RCTs including 1 548 patients were selected for Meta analysis. Five RCTs were related with comparison of preoperative radiotherapy plus surgery with single surgery. Two RCTs were about the comparison of surgery plus perioperative radiotherapy with single surgery. Two RCTs were the comparative studies between surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy and single surgery. The Meta analysis results showed that: (1)compared with surgery alone, preoperative radiotherapy combined with surgery can increase 3 years [OR = 1.78, 95% confidence interal (CI):1.14-2.78], 5 years (OR = 1.67, 95%CI :1.22-2.29),and 10 years (OR = 1.64, 95%CI 1.03-2.60) survival rate,and reduce the tumor recurrent rate(OR = 0.59, 95%CI :0.37-0.92) and metastasis rate (OR= 0.44, 95%CI :0.27-0.73); (2) The tumor recurrent rates (OR = 0.19,95%CI :0.03-1.14 )and tumor metastasis rates (OR = 0.09, 95%CI :0.00-1.77)had no difference between single surgery group and peri-operative radiotherapy plus surgery group;(3) Postoperative radiotherapy compared with surgery had no significant effects on 1 year (OR = 0.83, 95%CI :0.60-1.15) and 3 years (OR = 0.75, 95%CI :0.51-1.11) survival rate compared with single surgery, but the 5 years (OR = 0.57,95%CI :0.34-0.95) survival rate of the patients who received surgery alone was higher than those who received combined therapy. No difference of the tumor recurrence rate(OR=0.59,95%CI :0.33-1.05) and tumor metastasis rate (OR=0.90,95%CI:0.51-1.59) were observed between the two groups. Conclusion:Preoperative radiotherapy combined with surgery is more rational and effective than surgery alone in the treatment of gastric cancer. However in terms of the clinical effects of perioperative or postoperative radiotherapy combined with surgery, more RCTs with larger samples and higher quality need to be carried out to make further verification.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of gefitinib versus docetaxel in previously treated non-small cell lung cancer.Methods Literatures were searched on database like PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,China Journal Full Text Database,and Chinese Scientific Journals Full Text Database and Wanfang Database.All the relevant randomized controlled trials that gefitinib versus docetaxel in non-small cell lung cancer patients who have previously received chemotherapy were collected,and the quality of the included trials was assessed by Cochrane Systematic Review Handbook 5.0.2. Meta-analyses were conducted by RevMan 5.0 software. Results Four studies were involved and 2 257 patients were included.Meta-analysis showed that gefitinib can improve objective response rate and quality of life in local advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients who have previously received chemotherapy compared with docetaxel ( P ＜ 0.05) ； and it's low in the 3-4 level adverse reaction rate (P ＜ 0.05 ).But there was no significant difference in overall survival rate,symptoms improving rate and progression-free survival rate (P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionsGefitinib is superior to docetaxel in the objective response rate with local advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients who have previously received chemotherapy.The quality of life of the patients is improved significantly.Because of it has high drug tolerance and high safety,gefitinib can be actively promoted application as a kind of current effective second-line drugs at present,but the survival aspect needs to be studied further.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of parecoxib sodium for preemptive analgesia.Methods PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,and CNKI database were searched for randomized placebo-controlled trials involving the efficacy of parecoxib sodium for preemptive analgesia.The modified Jadad scale was used for quality assessment.Evaluation indexes included VAS scores at 1,6,12 and 24 h after operation,consumption of morphine within 24 h after operation,and incidences of nausea and vomiting after operation.Meta-analysis was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.0.2 software.Results Fourteen randomized placebo-controlled trials involving 1086 patients were included in our meta-analysis.The modified Jadad scale scores for the 14 studies were ≥ 4.The patients were divided into 2 groups:placebo group and parecoxib sodium 40 mg injected before operation group.The results of meta-analysis showed that VAS scores at 1,6,12 and 24 h after operation were significantly decreased,the consumption of morphine within 24 h after operation was reduced,and the incidences of nausea and vomiting after operation were decreased in parecoxib sodium 40 mg injected before operation group as compared with placebo group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Intravenous injection of parecoxib sodium 40 mg before operation can produce significant preemptive analgesic efficacy and is helpful in decreasing the adverse effect of postoperative analgesia.

BACKGROUND:There is lack of an objective and standardized animal model for assessing the therapeutic effect of physical and medication treatment on bone defoct, the effectiveness of operation, as well as the role of bone substitute in the repairing of bone defects.DESIGN:Verified study on the experimental model of bone nonunion in rabbitsSETTING: Department of Orthopaedics in Shenzhen people' s Hospital MATERIALS:Twenty common grade pure New Zealand rabbits of either gender were selected with body mass of (2.5±0.5)kg,aged 6 to 8 months.METHODS :This experiment was carried out at the experimental animal center of Shenzhen people's Hospital between May and August 1999. 1.5cm bone segment (including periosteum)was cut off in the middle of forearm radius in 20 common grade pure NewZealand rabbits,the broken ends were covered with bone wax, 10 weeks later, the bone nonunion status was assessed by macropathological observation, pathohistological and X-ray examination.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Observations on rabbit forearm radius defects by macropathological observation, pathohistological and X-ray examination.RESULTS :Twenty rabbits(40 side radius)were enrolled in this study and weeks later, bone defect region was found filled with fibrous cicatricial tissue without osseous connection ,bone wax was not absorbed, capitulum was ossified with medullary cavity blocked,a small amount of callus formed at both broken ends of fractural bone ,length of bone defect ranged from 0.8 to blocked under optical microscope,chondrocyte and osteocyte could be observed arranging disorderly and covered with fibrous membrane,defect reosseous connection could be detected at defect region at week 10,broken end was ossified and medullary cavity was blocked ,there was small amount of callus appeared at both broken ends displaying irregular shape.CONCLUSION:Bone nonunion experimental animal was successfully established on rabbits in this study, with pathological changes meeting the need of bone nonunion and displaying typical properties,which can be used as reliable and feasible experimental animal model.

Objective To investigate the effect of gabapentin on the activation of glial cells in the spinal cord after chronic constrictive injury (CCI) to sciatic nerve in rats.Methods Twenty-four male SD rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 8 each): group Ⅰ sham operation (group S), group Ⅱ CCI and group Ⅲ gabapentin + CCI. Right sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 loose ligatures were placed with 6-0chromic catgut. Seven days after operation gabapentin 50 mg/kg in 5 ml was given by intragastric gavage twice a day for 5 days in group Ⅲ. Paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation with von Frey filaments was measured one day before (baseline) and at 7, 15 d after operation. The animals were killed at 15 d after operation. The lumbar segment L4-5 of the spinal cord was removed. Immunohistochemical double mark technique was used to detect the activation of astrocytes and microglias in the spinal cord. Results Paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation was significantly decreased on the 7th and 15th day after CCI operation in group CCI as compared with group S. After 5 day treatment with gabapentin, the withdrawal threshold to von Frey hair stimulation was significantly higher in group Ⅲ than in group Ⅱ . The activation of astrocytes and microglias in the spinal cord was significantly enhanced in group CCI as compared with group S. Treatment with gabapentin significantly inhibited CCI-induced activation of astrocytes and microglias in the spinal cord. ConclusionGabapentin reduces neuropathic pain by inhibiting activation of glial cells in the spinal cord.