With the progress of technology in separation and identification, proteomics is now widely applied in biomedicine.Because of the powerful ability to research differential protein expression and posttranslational modifications between normal and pathological samples on large scale level, proteomics provides the possibilities to screen biomarkers for diagnosis, therapy or prognosis of diseases.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of bronchoscopy combined materials drawn in multiply methods in patients with bacteriological negative pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods The clinical data of 74 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients had sputum acid-fast staining more than three times,25 patients were sputum bacteriological positive and 49 patients were bacteriological negative or had no sputum.Bronchoscopy was performd in 28 cases,including biopsy examining,brush examining,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) smear and sputum spear acid-fast stain test.Results In 28 patients undergoing examination,microscopic abnormalities were found in 14 cases,taken 50.0％.15 cases performed lesion biopsy or transbronchiallung biopsy(TBLB) were diagnosed tuberculosis,taken 53.6％.Brush acid-fast staining was positive in 7 cases,taken 25.0％.BALF smear postive in 10 cases,taken 35.7％.And phlegm test after bronchoscope positive in 6 cases,taken 21.4％.Combined multiply index,23 cases finally diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis,taken 82.1％.Conclusion Bronchoscopy with materials drawn in multiply methods has a high value in diagnosing bacteriological negative pulmonary tuberculosis,we should take advantage of it as soon as possible.

Objective To explore the application value of the detection of vitamin B12 (VitB12 ) ,folic acid (FA) and four iron met-abolic indexes including serum ferritin (SF) ,transferring (TF) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and serum iron (SI) in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of anemia .Methods 126 patients with anemia and 30 healthy controls were enrolled from Janu-ary to May 2013 and determined serum VitB12 ,FA ,SF ,TF ,TIBC and SI levels for conducting the comparison with each other . Meanwhile ,the patients with anemia were extracted bone marrow to carry out ferric stain and morphological test ,their detection re-sults and the results of above-mentioned serological markers determination were performed the comparison of the diagnostic accord-ance rate .Results The serum levels of various iron metabolism-related indexes had significant differences between the anemia group and the healthy control group (P<0 .05) ,and various different kinds of anemia had their comparatively specific serological characteristics .In 126 cases of anemia ,the diagnostic accordance rate of the bone marrow examination was 82 .5% ,which was sig-nificant higher than that of the serological examination(69 .8% )(χ2 =5 .600 ,P=0 .018);nevertheless ,in 23 cases anemia unable to determine the diagnosis by bone marrow examination ,the diagnostic accordance rate of the serological examination was 82 .6% (19/23);the inconsistent rate of the two examinations was 25 .4% (32/126) .Conclusion The bone marrow examination and the sero-logical examination have different emphasis points for the anemia diagnosis and have their own advantages ,which cannot replace each other .Their combination use has certain clinical value in the differential diagnosis between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) with anemia of chronic disease complicated with iron deficiency (ACD/ID) ,myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) ,megaloblastic anemia (M A ) and mixed cellular anemia .

Objective Glucocorticoid hormone may nongenomically affect cell functions in addition to its classic effects on gene expression. The purpose of present study was to explore whether dexamethasone, a synthetical glucocorticoid hormone, has a rapid nongenomic effect on ATP-induced currents in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and the related signal transduction pathway. Methods The effects of dexamethasone on ATP-induced currents were studied on cultured DRG neurons using patch clamp technique. Results Three types of currents (transient, sustained and biphasic) were evoked by ATP (100 ?mol/L) in cultured DRG neurons. When DRG neurons were pretreated with dexamethasone (0.01-10?mol/L) for 30s, inhibition of the transient current and the transient component of the biphasic current evoked by ATP in DRG neurons was observed. The inhibitory effect of dexamethasone was dose-dependent. However, dexamethasone did not seem to affect the sustained current and the sustained component of the biphasic current induced by ATP. The inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on ATP-induced currents was blocked by glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU38486 (10?mol/L) and protein kinase A inhibitor H-89 (10?mol/L), but not by G protein inhibitor GDP-?-S (0.2mmol/L) and protein kinase C inhibitor chelerythrine chloride (10?mol/L). Conclusions Dexamethasone can selectively inhibit the transient current mediated by P2X3 receptors in DRG neurons. The inhibitory effect of dexamethasone might be mediated by glucocorticoid receptor through activating PKA signal pathway. These results suggest that glucocorticoid hormone might participate in the control of pain by modulating the actions of extracellular ATP in sensory neurons.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) on cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5)-ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-P53 signal transduction pathway in rat hippocampal neurons subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) injury.MethodsHippocampal neurons of newborn Wistar rats ( ＜ 48 h) were cultured for 7 days in vitro.The primary cultured neurons were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 wells in each group:control group (group C),OGD (group D),OGD + hemin (HO-1 inducer) group (group D + H ) and OGD + hemin + zinc protoporphyrin ( HO-1 inhibitor) group ( group D + H + T).For OGD experiments,cultures were washed three times in a glucose-free balanced salt solution (BSS).They were then placed in deoxygenated glucose-free medium and sealed under 95％ N2-5％ CO2 in an anaerobic chamber equilibrated to 37°C and 100％ humidity for 45 min.OGD was terminated by replacement of stored medium and by returning the cultures to a standard incubator maintained at 37 ℃ in 95％ air-5％ CO2.The OGD model was established after the neurons were preconditioned with hemin 10 μmol/L for 24 h in group D + H.The OGD model was established after the neurons were preconditioned with hemin 10 μmol/L and zinc protoporphyrin 10 μmol/L for 24 h in group D + H + T.After 24 h of culture,the neuronal viability,apoptosis rate,and expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein,and CDK5,ATM and P53 protein were detected.ResultsCompared with group C,the expression of HO-1 mRNA,and HO-1,CDK5,ATM and P53 protein was up-regulated,the neuronal viability was significantly decreased,and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased in group D (P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared with group D,the expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein was up-regulated,the expression of CDK5,ATM and P53 protein was down-regulated,the neuronal viability was significantly increased,and the apoptosis rate was significanlly decreased in group D + H ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared with group D + H,the expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein was down-regulated,the expression of CDK5,ATM and P53 protein was up-regulated,the neuronal viability was significantly decreased,and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased in group D + H + T ( P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionHO-1 can inhibit neuronal apoptosis through blocking CDK5-ATM-P53 signal transduction pathway in rat hippocampal neurons subjected to OGD injury.

Objective To investigate the effects of different chromatogram fingerprints analysis methods on the quality evaluation of Chinese herbal medicine. Methods With the chromatogram fingerprints of a Chinese patent medicine in different batches as the analytic object, the quality evaluation of three methods such as peak area ratio,peak area quantification and similarity coefficient were investigated. Results The method of peak area ratio has the highest accuracy rate and the precise rate for quality evaluation, and similarity coefficient and peak area quantification came next. The result of peak area quantification was similar to that by current evaluation method. Conclusion Different chromatogram fingerprints analysis methods would result in a great difference in the quality evaluation of Chinese herbal medicine.

AIM: To construct suitable quality standard of evaluating antipyretic effect of 4 herbs,Bupleurum,Flos Lonicerae Japonicae,Radix Isatidis and Fructus Forsythiae. METHODS: Extracts,essential oils and its mixtures of extract and oil of above herbs,plus Ibuprofen Suspension,were used for antipyretic experiment on rats.Principal Component Analysis and Canonical Correlation Analysis were adopted as evaluation tools to examine the correlation between pharmacological effect and UV spectra of herb's chemicals,from which spectral marker of potential reliability for evaluating antipyretic effects of samples could be constructed. RESULTS: Antipyretic effect sequencing of UV spectral canonical variables was consistent with that of the four herbs. CONCLUSION: The first canonical variable U1 expressed by principal component scores of UV spectra of herbs could be used as spectral marker for evaluating antipyretic effects of the four herbs.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of case management care practice on the self-care ability of the elderly patients with prostate cancer during the endocrine therapy. Methods About 84 patients were divided into two groups by drawing lots. About 41 cases in the control group continued their treatment after discharge and consulted the nurses or doctors by phone call in case of problems. The 43 cases in the observation group was treated with case management for 3 months. The self-care ability was compared between the groups before and after the intervention. Result After the intervention, the ESCA total score of the observation group, self-care skills, self protection responsibility and health knowledge level were significantly higher than that of the observation group before intervention and that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Implementation of the case management can improve the self-care ability, health knowledge level, self-care skill and sense of responsibility of the elderly patients with prostate cancer during the endocrine therapy, eventually improving the patient's ability in self care.

Objective To study the clinical and the epidemiological features of hospitalized children with influenza virus infection. Methods Two hundred and fifty-three inpatients with laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infection from 1999 to 2008 were reviewed for analyzing the clinical and epidemiological characteristics. Type A and B influenza viruses in the nasopharyngeal aspirates were detected by immunofluorescence assay. Mann-Whitney U test were performed for comparing the median age and the length of hospitalization. Chi-square test was performed for comparing the proportion of patients with fever and cough. Results Among 253 hospitalized children aged between 5 days and 127 months, 182 (71.9%) were boys and 71 (28. 1%) were girls. The median age was 18 months. Fifty-three cases were infants younger than 6 months. 95 cases were children aged between 6 months and 2 years, 85 cases were aged between 2 years and 5 years and 20 cases were older than 5 years. The diagnosis of influenza-related admission included pneumonia (190 cases), bronchitis (49 cases) and upper respiratory tract infection (14 cases). Eleven cases developed febrile convulsion, 6 cases had acute exacerbation of asthma and 3 cases had concomitant viralencephalitis. Twenty-nine cases had basic diseases. Cough and fever were the most common symptoms. Two hundred and thirty-eight cases presenting cough and 209 case presenting fever. Sixty-seven percent (140/209) had high fever with body temperature higher than 39 ℃. The average duration of fever was (5. 0 ±2. 9) days. Fever and cough were both more common in children older than6 months (X2 = 22. 895,P<0. 01; X2 = 16. 992,P<0. 01, respectively). Febrile convulsion occurred in children older than 2 years. Fifteen point five (39/251) developed leukocytopenia. Conclusions Children younger than 5 years old are at high risk of influenza-related hospitalization. We should emphasize influenza vaccination in previously healthy children aged between 6 months and 5 years and children with underlying diseases.

Objective To understand the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),influenza virus type A and type B(IV-A and IV-B),parainfluenza virus type 1,2,3(PIV-1,2,3)and adenovirus(ADV) among children with acute respiratory tract infection in Shanghai.Methods A retrospective epidemiological investigation was conducted to analyze the prevalence rate,seasonality and susceptible pediatric population of seven common respiratory viruses among hospitalized pediatric patients(<15 years old) with acute respiratory tract infection in Children's Hospital Affiliate to Fudan University Shanghai during 2003 to 2006.Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected for detecting viral antigens of RSV,IV-A,IV-B,PIV-1,PIV-2,PIV-3 and ADV by direct immunofluorescence assay.Results Total 11214 children were collected during the consecutive four years,among whom 98.7% were presented with acute lower respiratory tract infection.The overall positive detection rate of these seven respiratory viruses was 24.2%.RSV accounted for 17.7%,followed by PIV-3(2.8%),ADV(2.2%),IV-A(0.7%),PIV-I(0.5%),PIV-2(0.3%),IV-B(0.1%)and mixed(0.2%).RSV season often occurred in winter and spring,however,an early season began in autumn every two year.PIV-3,ADV and IV were usually prevalent sporadically and the seasonal patterns were not typical.The median ages of infected pediatric patients were 4 months for RSV,8 months for PIV-3,9.5 months for PIV-1,10.5 months for PIV-2,12 months for ADV,13 months for IV,respectively,which were significantly different by statistical analysis(X2=154.319,P<0.01).The infants and younger children were more susceptible for developing RSV and PIV-3 related diseases.RSV infection significantly decreased along with the age increased.Conclusions RSV is the most commonly identified virus,while infants and neonates are the most susceptible populations for RSV infection.Typically,RSV is prevalent during spring and winter but begins to be active in fall every other year. PIV-3 is found to be the second common viral pathogen and young children are susceptible population.ADV ranks the third pathogen and children with ADV infection tend to be elder. Nevertheless,IV is rare among pediatric population in recent years in Shanghai.In our study,the outbreaks of ADV and IV infections among children are not observed.