Based on the issue of medical English teaching, according to the immersion theory,we improved teachers' oral English, gave students a good foreign language circumstance, set students as the teaching center.to let them join the teaching activity and graspe medical English. All teaching reform worked well.

OBJECTIVE:To study the cooperative effect of arsenic trioxide(As 2 O 3 )and octreotide on the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)SMMC-7721and to observe the combining effect of the two drugs.METHODS:The killing effect of drugs was determined by MTT;the cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry(FCM);the drug combination analysis was conducted by the moderate efficiency principle.RESULTS:The combination of arsenic trioxide and octreotide significantly inhibited cell proliferation of SMMC-7721in vitro;and the moderate efficiency concentration of As 2 O 3 and oc-treotide in combination was2.022?mol/L and8.088?mol/L respectively,which were lower than those when used singly.The combination of two drugs can inhibit HCC at the S-phase.The combination index was less than1if the combining domino offect of As 2 O 3 and octreotide was more than0.3.CONCLUSION:Combination of As 2 O 3 and octreotide in vitro can signifi-cantly increase the inhibition effect of each single one on the proliferation of SMMC-7721and the combination of two has a better anticarcinogenic effect when the domino offect of the combination is above0.3.

A safe and effective vaccine against the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is expected to have a considerable impact on elimination of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Despite decades of effort, an effective vaccine against HIV-1 remains elusive. In recent years, the Thai HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trial (known as RV144) showed a reduction in HIV-1 acquisition by 31%, but this agent could not delay disease progression in vaccinated individuals. Clinical analyses of experimental data and experiments in vitro have revealed two main types of immunogen design: induction of broad-spectrum neutralizing antibody (bNAb) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. bNAb can prevent or reduce acquisition of infection, and its main immunogens are virus-like particles, natural envelope trimers and stable bNAb epitopes. An effective CTL response can slow-down viral infection, and its main immunogens are "mosaic" vaccines, "conserved immunogens", and the "fitness landscape" of HIV-1 proteins. This review summarizes the strategies as well as progress in the design and testing of HIV-1 immunogens to elicit bNAb and CTL responses.
AIDS Vaccines ; genetics ; immunology ; Animals ; Drug Design ; HIV Antibodies ; immunology ; HIV Infections ; immunology ; prevention & control ; virology ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans

Objective To investigated the effect of somatostatin(SS)on cholecystokinin-induced alterations of exocrine function and the redistribution of the F-actin in the pancreatic acinar cells.MethodsIn vitro,isolated rat pancreatic acini were divided into 12 groups:normal control group,different concentrations ofcholecystokinin-octapeptide groups(CCK-8)of 10-12,10-11,10-10,10-9 or 10-8 mol/L,SS group(10-7mol/L),SS and different dose CCK-8 groups.The acinar cells were stimulated with different concentrations of CCK-8 for 30 min in the presence or absence of 10-7 mol/L SS.Amylase and trypsin activity were measured using corresponding assay kits,and F-actin distribution in pancreatic acinar cells were detected by laser confocal microscopy.ResultsSS stabilized the structure of cytoskeleton in acinar cells,and remarkably increased the ratio of subapical/basolateral F-actin(P

Special weight has been laid on young teachers in the buildup of teaching staff in medical universities.Aimed at promoting their active and creative involvement in exploring their potentials and helping them develop into qualified teachers in the current new era,this article performs some tentative research on approaches to their self-improvement.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.25.003

BACKGROUND:Naringin can increase bonemorphogeneticprotein 2 gene expression and promote the proliferation and differentiation of multipotential stem cel line. In vitro cel experiment indicates that naringin can suppress osteoclast formation and anti-osteoporosis activity.
OBJECTIVE:To prepare a mouse calvarial bone culture model containing naringin and to observe the effect of naringin with different concentrations on the formation and function of osteoclasts.
METHODS:Calvarial bone was dissected out aseptical y from the 4-day-old Sprague Dawley mice, and cultured in the culture medium containing 0, 1, 10 and 100 mg/L naringin. The effects of naringin on the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclast marker enzyme in calvarial bone and the concentration of calcium in the culture medium were detected after cultured for 1, 3, 7 and 10 days.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After cultured for 1 day, the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cel s in calvarial bones and the calcium concentration in the culture medium had no difference between the groups. After cultured for 3 and 7 days, the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cel s was decreased and the calcium concentration was increased with the increasing concentration of naringin. At 10 days after culturing, this trend was most obvious. It showed that naringin could affect the number and function of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cel s in calvarial bones, and this effect showed a significant time-and dose-depend manner. The results show that naringin can not only promote the proliferation of osteroclasts, but also reduce the differentiation of osteoclasts or accelerate the apoptosis.

Objective To evaluate immune protective effects of Treponema pallidum(Tp)pcD/Tp92 DNA vaccine delivered through different inoculation routes against Tp-induced skin infection in New Zealand rabbits. Methods A total of 108 New Zealand rabbits were randomly and equally divided into 6 groups:A1 and A2 groups treated with intramuscular injection of empty plasmids pcD and pcD/Tp92 DNA vaccine respectively for 2 sessions, B1, B2, C1 and C2 groups firstly treated with intramuscular injection of the pcD/Tp92 DNA vaccine for 1 session for primary immunization, then receiving nasogastric feeding with pcD/Tp92 DNA vaccine, pcD/Tp92 DNA vaccine+cytosine-phosphate-guanine(CpG)oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), and recombinant Tp92 protein, and recombinant Tp92 protein+CpG ODN respectively for booster immunization. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was conducted to detect the serum level of anti-Tp92 IgG antibody at week 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 after immunization, the SIgA level in the nasopharyngeal region and vaginal mucosa at week 8 after immunization, as well as levels of interleukin-2(IL-2)and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)in the culture supernatant of rabbit spleen cells at week 8 after immunization, and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay was performed to estimate proliferative activity of rabbit splenic lymphocytes in three rabbits from each group. At week 10 after immunization, other 15 rabbits from each group were subcutaneously inoculated with Tp standard strain, and changes of skin lesions at the inoculation site during early-stage infection were observed and recorded. Results At week 8 after immunization, the C2 group showed significantly higher serum level of anti-Tp92 IgG antibody(1.825 ± 0.175), supernatant levels of IL-2 (154.7 ± 14.6)and IFN-γ(277.4 ± 24.4), and proliferative activity of T cells(3.57 ± 0.24)compared with the A2(1.372 ± 0.322, 112.3 ± 13.4, 232.8 ± 25.3, 3.08 ± 0.22, respectively, all P<0.05), B1(0.893 ± 0.297, 76.6 ± 21.5, 165.7 ± 22.6, 2.12 ± 0.14, respectively, all P<0.05)and B2(1.294 ± 0.124, 97.3 ± 18.7, 211.3 ± 24.6, 2.88 ± 0.18, respectively, all P<0.05)groups. In addition, effective immunoprotection was achieved in the C2 group with more production of mucosa-specific SIgA antibody, as well as the lowest Tp-positive rate (6.67%) and ulcer formation rate (6.67%) in skin lesions at the inoculation sites. Conclusion The effective vaccination strategy, namely intramuscular injection of the pcD/Tp92 DNA vaccine for primary immunization followed by nasogastric feeding with mucosal adjuvant CpG ODN combined with recombinant Tp92 protein for booster immunization, can induce the strongest mucosal immune responses and immune protective effects.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the treatment for tibial exposure wounds.

METHODS39 patients with tibial exposure wounds were divided into three groups according to the exposure location (upper, medium and below). The local muscular flaps were designed to cover the tibial exposure, followed by skin grafts and VSD. VSD was removed one week later.

RESULTSAll the muscular flap and skin graft survived. Mild epidermis erosion happened in 2 cases, which healed spontaneously after dressing. The patients were followed up for 3-6 months with good healing and no walking malfunction.

CONCLUSIONSThe local muscular flap combined with skin graft and VSD is a simple and effective method for tibial exposure wound with short healing time and high successful rate.

Humans ; Lacerations ; surgery ; Skin ; injuries ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; Tibia ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Wound Healing

Objective To investigate the performance of surgical management in facial skin malignancies.Methods From January 2000 to December 2006,65 patients with facial skin malignancies,including47 cases of basal cell carcinoma.10 cases of squamous cell carcinoma,3 cases of dermatofibrosarocoma protuberans,2 cases of malignant melanomas,and one case of malignant acanthoma,hemangioendotheliosar-coma and sebaceous carcinoma,respectively,were collected and managed with wide resection followed by reconstruction.In order to achieve a thorough resection,frozen sections were prepared and subjected to pathological examination during the operation process to ensure the margins of resection were free of malignancy.Reconstruction was carried out by direct closure,or with local random flaps,extended flaps,free skin grafts.Resuits All defects were managed by one-stage reconstruction.The survival rate of skin flaps/grafts was 100%,and a satisfactory appearance and function was achieved.During the follow-up from 6 months to 5 years,local relapse was observed in one patient with basal cell carcinoma and one with squamous eell carcinoma,lymphatic metastasis in one with squamous cell carcinoma.Distant metastasis occurred in a patient with malignant melanoma.who died consequently.Conclusions Thorough resection is the key to prevent relapse of facial skin malignancies after surgery.Appropriate reconstruction may favor the restoration of facial appearance,and local random flaps appear to be the best reconstruction strategy.