OBJECTIVE To observe whether the natural antibacterial polypeptide elafin after transfected into airway epithelial cells(A549 cells)has resistant effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa bioflim.METHODS To establish the P.aeruginosa biofilm model in vitro,a rapid silver nitrate staining procedure was used to demonstrate bacterial biofilm.After cultivating the cells in vitro,the constructed pEGF-N1-elafin eukaryotic expression vector had transfected into A549 cells by LipofectamineTM 2000.Elafin transfected cells were incubated by pig Pancreas Elastase(NE group),the supernatants of PAE(PAE group)and Escherichia coli(ECO group),respectively,for 24 hours.Then the content of elafin in cells and the level of elafin secretion were detected by Western blot and ELISA respectively.After biofilm carriers were put into each group and incubated for 8 hours,we observed the ratio of cells shape breakage at 4,8,12 and 24 hour,respectively.RESULTS The NE,PAE and ECO groups induced the content of elafin in cells and the level of secretion increased compared to the no induced group(normal group),while the PAE group and NE group were higher than those of ECO group.The ratio of cells breakage in induced elafin groups was lower than that of in normal group(P

Objective To explore the different effect of elafin incubated by different bacteria on P.aeruginosa(Pa) bioflim. Methods To cultivate the A549 cells in vitro, the pEGFP-N1-elafin eukaryotic expression vectors have been transfected to the cells by LipofectamineTM 2000. Elafin transfected cells incubated by the supernatant of S. epidermidis (S.epidermidis group), Pa (Pa group) and E.coli (E.coli group) respectively for 24 hours,the A549 cells were transfected. Then the levels of elafin were detected by ELISA and Western blot. To establish the Pa biofilm model in vitro,a rapid silver nitrate staining procedure and scanning electronic microscope (SEM)demonstrated bacterial biofilm. After biofilm carriers were put into each group and incubated for 8 hours, we measured the proportion of bacteria biofilm by silver nitrate staining and observed the structure of biofilm by SEM. Results The Pa and E.coli groups(especially Pa) raised the content of elafin in cells and the level of secretion increasing as compared to the normal group, while the S. epidermidis group had no change. Both silver nitrate staining procedure and SEM demonstrated the prestnce of bacterial biofilms. The the proportion of bacteria biofilm and the structure of BF in Pa and E.coli groups were changed, especially in Pa group. Conclusion There was a specificity for bacteria to induce the express of elafin. The inducing effect of Pa was more significant than that of E.coli.

As an important measure to reduce casualties and prevent secondary pollution, decontamination is an impor-tant link in the process of emergency response during chemical accidents.The decontamination effect is closely related to decontamination technology and equipment.Decontamination agent selection and development are an important part of a decontamination technology.In this paper, the development and use of cleaning agents, such as alkaline, oxidation and chlorination, adsorption (degradation), metal oxide and oxygen acid salt, chemical compounds, biological (enzymatic), and individual disinfection package, light decontamination equipment, multifunctional integrated large-scale decontamination equipment at home or abroad, are reviewed.By laying bare the gap between China and advanced countries in the related field, we hope to raise the concern of relevant professional counterparts and promote the development of domestic decontami-nation technology and equipment with decontaminant agents at the core.

BACKGROUND:Isoflurane is an anesthesia drug that has a certain effect on the nervous system. It possibly causes neurologic disorders through impacting nerve stem cel function or morphology. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of isoflurane on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cels in the hippocampus of rats. METHODS:Neural stem cels from the hippocampus of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 7 days, were induced and differentiated. Passage 3 cels were obtained and divided into two groups: isoflurane group (a mixture gas of 2.8% isoflurane, 5% CO2 and 95% O2) and control group (a mixture of 5% CO2 and 95% O2).
After intervention of 6 hours folowed by 2 hours of routine culture, anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody immunofluorescent staining was used to detect cel proliferation, and western blot assay to detect the expression of β3-tubulin and glial fibrilary acidic protein. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the number of BrdU positive cels in the isoflurane group reduced significantly, indicating that isoflurane inhibits the proliferation of neural stem cels. Compared with the control group, the expression of glial fibrilary acidic protein in the isoflurane group up-regulated, but the expression of β3-tubulin had no changes, indicating isoflurane promotes the differentiation of neural stem cels into astrocytes. Cite this article:Min N, Hu QF, Li XP, Nie XH, Yang LL.Isoflurane effects on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cels in the hippocampus of neonatal rats. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2016;20(1):118-122.

Objective To establish a whole-body dynamic inhalation exposure system for toxicological studies on highly toxic chemicals, and to evaluate the safety and applicability of the system.Methods The safety and standardization of the laboratory were ensured after positive and negative pressure protection and airtight protection were finished.By modifying and optimizing the key technological units of the exposure chamber, the relationships between aerosol concentrations in the chamber and the push rate, exposure time and different monitoring points were investigated.Results and Conclusion Multi-protection was achieved, including the independent exposure chamber, negative pressure experiment and positive pressure protection under working conditions.The laboratory meets the demands of safety and specifications.The exposure aerosol concentrations in the chamber are uniform, stable and controllable while the air is dynamically flowing.The whole-body dynamic inhalation exposure system can meet the need for toxicological studies on highly toxic chemicals.

Objective To determine the risk factors for imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IRPA) infections in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods One hundred and eighty-eight Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected children (confirmed by pathogenic examination) in the NICU of Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangdong from January 1,2008 to December 31,2011,were chosen as the objects of study,and were divided into two groups.The first group included 73 children that had been isolated with IRPA strains(IRPA group),and the second group included 115 children that only had imipenem-sensitive Pseudo monas aeruginosa (ISPA) strains (ISPA group).Chi-square test or t-test was applied.The risk factors were investigated by univariate or multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results Data from univariate analysis showed that the gestational age and birth weight of neonates were lower than those in ISPA group [(34.0±3.5) weeks vs (35.6±2.8)weeks,t=3.413,P＜0.01; (1848.1±276.4) g vs (2110.7±345.6) g,t=5.472,P＜0.01].There were more neonates with gestational age ≤ 32 weeks [67.1％ (49/73) vs 45.2 ％ (52/115)],birth weight ＜1500 g [73.9％ (54/73) vs 33.0％(38/115)],small for gestational age [68.5％ (50/73) vs 29.6％ (34/115)],receiving imipenem [72.6％ (53/73) vs 27.0％ (31/115)] or the third generation cephalosporins [65.8％ (48/73) vs 33.0％ (38/115)] two weeks before the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and mechanical ventilation [78.1％ (57/73) vs 61.7 ％ (71/115)],deep vein catheterization [83.6％(61/73) vs 65.2％(75/115)] in the IRPA group than in the ISPA group (all P＜0.05 or 0.01).The multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that imipenem treatment within two weeks before the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OR=6.409; 95％ CI:1.926-21.333,P =0.002) was an independent risk factor.Conclusions IRPA infection in NICU hospitalized infants is strongly related to their gestational age and birth weight.History of imipenem administration could be an independent risk factor.

Objective To explore neuroprotective effects of blonanserin on H2O2-induced injury in PC12 cells. Meth?ods PC12 cells were divided into four groups:control group (C group), H2O2-treated group (H group), blonanserin pretreat?ed group (B group) and positive control group (vitamin E- pretreated, E group). The effects of different concentrations of blonanserin (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 μmol·L-1) on cell proliferation in PC 12 cells were observed. MTT assay was used to detect the cell activity of different groups. The apoptotic rates of different groups were measured by TUNEL assay. The mor?phological changes were observed using inverted microscope and Hoechst 33258 staining. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) vi?ability and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were detecded by biochemical methods in four groups. Results The appropriate concentration of blonanserin (0-20 μmol·L-1) can promote the growth of PC12 cells. Comparing with the C group, the apoptot?ic rate and MDA level were increased in group H, while the cell viability and the SOD viability were decreased obviously ( P<0.05). Compared with H group, the cell viability, SOD viability were significantly increased, while the MDA level and apoptotic rate were decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Blonanserin shows neuroprotective effect on H2O2-induced injury in PC12 cells.

OBJECTIVE:To summerize the characteristics and variability of chest X-ray manifestations in SARS patients treated with compound glycyrrhizin.METHODS:60cases of SARS were equally divided into2groups:groupⅠreceiving compound glycyrrhizin,groupⅡ(as control)receiving conventional treatment.The appearing time,site,scope and dynamic changes of the pulmonary lesions on chest radiograms were compared between2groups.RESULTS:The average period from peak to50%improvement of lesion in X-ray manifestations was shorter in groupⅠthan that in groupⅡ.In restoration stage,more patients had their X-ray findings absorbed in groupⅠcompared with the patients in groupⅡ.Compound glycyrrhizin had little influence on WBC,blood sugar and electrolytes.CONCLUSION:Glycyrrhizin may be a promising drug against SARS with less side effects.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between chemokine CXC-ligand 16 (CXCL16) and natural killer T cells during renal fibrosis in mice with acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods:Twenty-four healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 20-30 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), AKI group, control+ rCXCL16 group (group C-rCXCL16) and AKI+ rCXCL16 group.In AKI-rCXCL16 and AKI groups, folic acid 250 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected to induce AKI in anesthetized mice, and rCXCL16 0.1 mg/kg and the equal volume of solution were intraperitoneally injected, respectively, at 3, 6, 9 and 12 days after injection of folic acid.The equal volume of solution and rCXCL16 were intraperitoneally injected at the corresponding time points in group C and group C-rCXCL16, respectively.The orbital blood samples were taken on day 14 after injection of folic acid for determination of the serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) concentrations.The renal tissues were obtained for measurement of the renal fibrosis size (using Sirius red staining and Masson staining), for determination of the expression of fibronectin (FN), collagen-Ⅲ (Col-Ⅲ) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) (by immunofluorescence) and expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4), mannose receptor (CD206) and arginase 1 (Arg-1) mRNA (by real-time polymerase chain reaction), and for evaluation of the ratio of CD1d Tetramer + -IL-4 + cells (by flow cytometry). Results:Compared with group C, the serum BUN and Cr concentrations were significantly increased, the renal fibrosis size was increased, the expression of IL-4, CD206, Arg-1 mRNA, FN, Col-Ⅲ and α-SMA was up-regulated, and the ratio of CD1d Tetramer + -IL-4 + cells was increased in AKI and AKI-rCXCL16 groups ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group C-rCXCL16 ( P>0.05). Compared with group AKI, the serum BUN and Cr concentrations were significantly increased, the renal fibrosis size was increased, the expression of IL-4, CD206, Arg-1 mRNA, FN, Col-Ⅲ and α-SMA was up-regulated, and the ratio of CD1d Tetramer + -IL-4 + cells was increased in group AKI-rCXCL16 ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism by which CXCL16 is involved in the process of renal fibrosis is related to the recruitment of natural killer T cells secreting IL-4 which regulates macrophage M2 polarization in mice with AKI.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of superficial temporal artery(STA)pressure-guided selective cerebral perfusion(SCP)during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest(DHCA)in patients undergoing aortic arch surgery.Methods Ninety-six patients of both sexes,aged 35-64 yr,with body mass index of 19-23kg/m2,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅲ or Ⅳ,undergoing aortic arch surgery,were divided into STA pressure group(group A)and clinical experience group(group B)using a random number table,with 48 patients in each group.In group A,STA catheterization was performed after tracheal intubation,and arterial pressure was monitored.SCP flow was adjusted to maintain the target value of STA pressure between 30 and 40mmHg during DHCA in group A.SCP flow rate was set at 5-10ml·kg-1·min-1 according to clinical experience in group B.The volume of fluid perfused during SCP,emergence time,extubation time and duration of intensive care unit stay were recorded.Neurological function was evaluated during length of hospitalization after surgery,and the development of permanent and transient neurological dysfunction and mortality in hospital were recorded.Results Compared with group B,the volume of fluid perfused during SCP was significantly decreased,the emergence time,extubation time and duration of intensive care unit stay were shortened,the incidence of permanent and transient neurological dysfunction(2% and 4%,respectively)was decreased(P < 0.05),and no significant change was found in the mortality rate in hospital in group A(P>0.05).Conclusion Maintaining STA pressure at 30-40mmHg is a reliable method for guiding SCP during DHCA in patients undergoing aortic arch surgery.