The oocyte cryopreservation is more promising than embryo freezing in clinical applications,preservation of female fertility,legal and ethical aspects in this decade.The redundant oocytes retrievedfrom ⅣF cycles can potentially donate oocytes,which have unique advantages in economy and feasibili-ty.We have achieved success in embryo freezing,but just obtained poorer results in oocyte cryopreserva-tion which was mainly because of the low rates of survival,fertilization,and cleavage.The character ofthe plasma membrane and the time of cortical granules present at the metaphase of meiosis Ⅱ with thespindle system consist of the major difference between oocytes and embryos.Moreover,the oocytes shouldbe fertilized by sperm at the appropriate time.We used a refined slow freezing method to improve the sur-vival rate and increased sucrose concentration to dehydrate oocytes.Vitrification was another approach toprevent harms.Besides,intracytoplasmic sperm injection was used to overcome possible zona hardeningafter the release of cortical granules.Oocytes after cryopreservation showed serious disturbances of the mi-crotubules immediately after thawing as they were vulnerable to the thermal changes and easy to depoly-merize.Fertilization of these oocytes with disorganized spindles led to chromosomal aneuploidy,digyny,and degradation of the cleavage rate.We can improve cryopreserved oocytes to normal fertilization anddevelopment by appropriate incubation and timing of insemination,as the microtubules repolymerize in atime dependent way after incubation which is compatible with recovery of the spindles.With the improve-ment of survival,fertilization,and development,oocyte cryopreservation will play an imperative role.

Objective To analyze the correlation between the blood typing test,irregular antibodies screening of pregnant women and hemolytic disease of newborn(HDN).Methods The ABO blood type and Rh(D)blood type of pregnant women were detected,and the irregular antibodies of pregnant women were screened.The blood type serol-ogy and hemolytic disease were detected in neonates with jaundice.Results In specimens of 2 032 pregnant women with type O blood,their husbands were non -O blood type,after delivery,152 neonates were diagnosed as HDN. Among 2 032 pregnant women with type non -O blood,only 5 neonates were diagnosed as HDN.There was significant difference between the two groups (χ2 =135.4,P <0.01).27 pregnant women with RhD negative type,their hus-bands were RhD positive,after delivery,4 neonates were diagnosed as HDN.Conclusion Pregnant women's blood type and irregular antibody are closely related to neonatal hemolysis disease.So pregnant women's blood type and irregular antibody should be regular project in pregnancy,and so as to prevent neonatal hemolytic anemia caused by blood type of feto -maternal incompatibility.

College reading course occupies an important position in English acquisition.The introduction of integrated approach in college English reading course can effectively improve students’reading capability.This article analyses the importance of integrated approach in college English reading course in aspects of teacher,student,and reading techniques and presents some specific methods to help students read better.

Objective To explore the effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance(IR)in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM ) .Methods A total of 16 elderly patients with T2DM in our hospital were included as the research subjects and divided into the observation and control groups according to the random number method .The two groups received the conventional hypoglycemic therapy .The observation group was simultaneously added with calcitriol (0 .50μg/d for 12 weeks) .The blood sugar related indicators and serum 25-(OH)D3 level were detected by collecting fasting venous blood before and after treat-ment measured .Results BMI ,FBG ,HbA1c ,Fins ,25-(OH)D3 and IRI after treatment in the two groups were improved signifi-cantly with statistically significant difference (P<0 .05) ,moreover BMI ,FBG ,HbA1c ,Fins ,25-(OH)D3 and IRI after treatment in the observation group were improved more significantly compared with the control group ,and the differences were statistically sig-nificant (P<0 .05) .The patients with 25-(OH)D3 level < 25 nmol/L had significant improvement in BMI ,FBG ,HbA1c ,Fins and 25-(OH)D3 level ,the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .There was positive correlation between 25-(OH)D3 with BMI ,FBG ,HbA1c ,Fins and IRI (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The vitamin D supplementation can better improve the IR status on the basis of conventional hypoglycemic therapy and promotes the blood glucose stability in the elderly patients with T2DM .

Objective To investigate correlation between vitamin D and glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism, insulin resistance,early secretory function of pancreatic islets in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Methods 115 postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes were selected as observation group.115 postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes were selected in hospital at same period as control group.All patients received detection of vitamin D,glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,insulin resistance,early secretory function of pancreatic islets. Correlation between vitamin D and glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,insulin resistance,early secretory function of pancreatic islets were analyzed.Results Fasting blood glucose,postprandial 2h blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin, body mass index,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,insulin resistance index in the observation group were higher than the control group [(8.5 ±1.2)mmol/L vs (5.1 ±0.6)mmol/L,(13.4 ± 1.5)mmol/L vs (7.8 ±0.7)mmol/L,(8.7 ±1.1)% vs (5.6 ±0.5)%,(25.7 ±1.0)kg/m2 vs (22.3 ±0.4)kg/m2 , (5.6 ±0.7)mmol/L vs (4.5 ±0.4)mmol/L,(2.3 ±0.5)mmol/L vs (1.7 ±0.3)mmol/L,(3.5 ±0.6)mmol/L vs (2.2 ±0.4)mmol/L,(3.6 ±0.5)vs (2.5 ±0.4),t =9.667,10.179,8.535,4.524,5.443,6.529,8.909,7.406, all P <0.05].High density lipoprotein cholesterol,insulin first secretion phase peak factor,pancreatic islet βcell function index,fasting insulin,vitamin D in the observation group were lower than the control group [(1.0 ± 0.2)mmol/L vs (1.2 ±0.3)mmol/L,(5.2 ±1.3)vs (8.4 ±1.6),(135.8 ±11.7)vs (194.3 ±19.2),(4.1 ± 0.9)IU /mL vs (10.8 ±0.6)IU /mL,(10.8 ±2.1)ng/L vs (27.4 ±3.8)ng/L,t =5.087,9.153,7.370,10.414, 18.371,all P <0.05].Vitamin D was significantly negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose,postprandial 2h blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,body mass index,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein choles-terol,insulin resistance index(r =-0.537,-0.512,-0.469,-0.387,-0.325,-0.316,-0.372,-0.457,all P <0.05).Vitamin D were significantly positively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol,insulin first secretion phase peak factor,pancreatic islet βcell function index,fasting insulin(r =0.351,0.418,0.674,0.316,all P <0.05).Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes may be involved in glucose -lipid metabolism and insulin resistance,but also may be one of the reasons leading to decreasing of early secretory function of pancreatic βcells.

BACKGROUND: The neurological basis for learning and memory is the high plasticity of central nervous system, and special rehabilitative training is necessary in the process of the functional recombination of central nervous system.OBJECTIVE: To observe the capability of rehabilitative training in differentiating learning ability and memory maintaining of one-trial passive avoidance response, and its correlation with the kinetic properties of Nmethyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor channel of contralateral hippocampal neuron in rats with cerebral infarction.DESIGN: A randomized control animal trial.SETTING: Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the central laboratory of Luzhou Medical College between March 2000 and February 2002. Twentyfour male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups with 8 rats in each: free movement after cerebral infarction group (model group), rehabilitative training after cerebral infarction group (rehabilitation group) and normal group.METHODS: ① Model establishment: Rats in the model group and rehabilitation group were made into models of infarction of right middle cerebral artery, and those in the normal group were not given any treatment. ②Rehabilitative training: After 4 days, only the rats in the rehabilitation group were trained with rolling-cage exerciser, screen exerciser and balance exerciser for 4 weeks. ③ Learning and memory tests: The learning and memory performances of all the rats were tested at 35 days postoperatively. The Y-maze test was applied to mainly observe the needed number f training for the rats to reach 9/10 correct response (for running to dark arm), and the multi-functional conditioned reflex box to observe the stayed duration on the diving board (step-through latency). ④ The single channel current property of NMDA receptor in hippocampal neurons was recorded with cell adhesion after learning and memory tests.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① training times needed for the rats to grasp the structure of the maze in each group; ② step-through latency in each group; ③ single channel current property of NMDA receptor in each group.RESULTS: All the 24 rats were involved in the analysis of results. ① The training times needed for the rats to grasp the structure of the maze in the rehabilitation group and normal group were significantly different from that in the model group [(68.02±11.67), (57.62±10.31), (107.07±16.32) times, P ＜0.05], and there was no significant difference between the rehabilitation group and normal group (P＞0.05). ② The medians of step-through latency before shock in the rehabilitation group and normal group were significantly different from that in the model group (286.7 s, 298.4 s, 126.7 s, P ＞0.05), and there was no significant difference between the rehabilitation group and normal group (P＞0.05). ③ The 35 pS short open NMDA receptor channel mainly existed in the hippocampal neurons of rats in the rehabilitation group, the open proportion was 0.099±0.007. The duration and proportion of 20 pS short and long open and the 35 pS short open NMDA receptor channels in the hippocampal neurons of rats were not significantly different from those in the normal group (P＞0.05). In the model group, 20 pS open channel was mainly observed, and the durations of 20 pS short and long open channels were obviously shorter than those in the rehabilitation group, the open proportion of 35 pS short open channel was 0.036t0.04, which was lower than that in the rehabilitation group,but no 35 pS long open channel was observed.CONCLUSION: Rehabilitative training accelerates the recovery of the learning and memory abilities of rats with cerebral infarction by changing the NMDA receptor channel properties of contralateral hippocampal neurons.

Subclinicalhypothyroidism(SCH)maybeassociatedwithcarotidatherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia, and coronary heart disease, and these factors are often regarded as the risk factors for ischemic stroke. The correlation betw een SCH and the risk of stroke remains unclear now . The hypothesis of SCH increasing the risk of stroke has not been confirmed. Even studies have show n that SCH may have a beneficial effect for the prognosis of stroke. This article review s the relationships betw een SCH and risk factors for stroke, and risk of stroke and prognosis.

Objective To observe the change of serum Omentin-1 in gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and to investigate its clinical significance.Methods Serum Omentin-1 level was detected in 85 cases of GDM and 85 matched cases of normal glucose tol-erance(NGT)by ELISA,the glycolipids biochemical indexes,inflammation indexes and fasting insulin (FINS)level were simultane-ous detected,then the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR)was calculated in both groups.Results The levels of prenatal prepreg-nant BMI,FPG,hs-CRP,blood lipids,blood glucose,FINS and HOMA-IR in the GDM group were significantly higher than those in the NGT group,while serum Omentin-1 level was obviously lower than that in the NGT group,difference was statistically signifi-cant (P<0.05);when prenatal obesity and/or HOMA-IR≥2,the serum Omentin-1 levels was significantly decreased.Serum Omentin-1 level had significant positive correlation with HDL,and negative correlation with prepregnant BMI,prenatal BMI,FPG, FINS and HOMA-IR.The multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that prepregnant BMI,TG,FPG and FINS were independ-ent influencing factors of serum Omentin-1 in GDM.Conclusion Serum Omentin-1 is associated with GDM closely,which can re-flect the degrees of sugar,lipid metabolic disorder and insulin resistance in pregnant women,and may be involved in the occurrence and development of GDM.

An established FTA/PCR protocol was applied to detect Cryptosporidium oocysts which were added in beverage, and proved to be as sensitive as 1.0 oocyst/ml detected within 6 hours. The study indicates that this technique is sensitive, time-saving and easy to perform.

Objective:Through the analysis of the basic situation of the medical service of the psychiatric inpatients in Beijing from 2003 to 2015,it provided the basis for rational allocation of mental health resources and reasonable utilization of medical expenses.Methods:Descriptive statistical method was used to analyze the annual discharged patients,average hospitalization days and hospitalization expenses of inpatients with mental illness.Results:The annual discharged patients were increasing gradually.The number of discharged patients increased from 7861 to 24898 during 2003-2015.The annual average growth rate was 10.08％.The average length of stay in hospital since 20ll was lower than before,which were about 40 days in recent years.The average hospitalization expenses per day were also increasing.It increased from 131.04 yuan to 461.02 yuan during 2003-2015.The annual average growth rate was 11.05％.Conclusion:The demand of mental illness patients for hospitalization was gradually increasing.The hospitalization demand of patients with mental illness was increasing.The medical expenses quickly increased.It needed to adjust the payment policy to promote the rational and effective utilization of medical expenses.