Objective To find out about the risk factors and prevention and treatment measures for complication with hospital infection in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome. Methods An analysis was conducted by means of retrogressive survey of the relevant clinical data on 146 cases of patients with primary nephrotic syndrome. Results The rate of hospital infection in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome reached 35 6%, with the respiratory tract being the main infected site(46 4%) and the urinary tract being the next major infected site(17 9%); the rate of infection is related to such factors as length of stay(P

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of laparoscopic radical hysterectomy in the treatment of early-stage endometrial cancer.Methods A total of 60 consecutive patients preoperatively diagnosed as having stage Ⅰ or Ⅱ endometrial cancer from August 1998 to December 2004 was divided into two groups,receiving either laparoscopic(Laparoscopic Group) or open radical hysterectomy(Open Group).According to the involvement of the muscular layer,whether or not a pelvic lymphadenectomy was required was determined.Perioperative parameters and survival time were prospectively studied.Results As compared with the Open Group,the Laparoscopic Group presented a longer operation time(247.8?77.8 min vs 196.6?63.7 min;t=2.789,P=0.007),similar blood loss(265.0?187.6 ml vs 350.0?210.9 ml;t=-1.649,P=0.104),similar number of resected lymph nodes(22.0?5.0 vs 22.8?5.2;t=-0.607,P=0.546),insignificant difference in complication rate (10/30 vs 15/30;?2=1.714,P=0.190),earlier time to first passing flatus(44.3?11.1 min vs 55.2?12.8 min;t=-3.524,P=0.000),and shorter hospital stay(8.7?3.2 d vs 10.2?2.0 d;t=-2.177,P=0.034).The patients in the Laparoscopic Group were followed for 28.6?17.4 months with tumor-free survival.In the Open Group,a follow-up for 28.9?16.6 months found 3 deaths form metastasis or recurrence.Conclusions Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy may be an alternative for early-stage endometrial carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the changes of coagulation function in the neonates patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction and chnical significance. Methods Forty neonates with gastrointestinal dysfunction were included, which were divided into three groups according to diagnosis criterion of gastrointestinal dysfunction: early group, medium group and late group. Coagulation function was tested and neonatal critical illness score(NCIS) was done. Forty normal neonates were selected as control group. The difference of coagulation function among all groups was observed, and the relationship between coagulation function and NCIS were evaluated. Results Compared with control group, the indexs of coagulation function of early group was no statistical difference (P>0.05), however the result between medium group and late group was significantly difference (P<0.05). The difference of coagulation function between medium group and late group was also significant (P<0.05), the lower NCIS was, the more serious the gastrointestinal function was. Conclusions The more serious the gastrointestinal dysfunction is, the poorer the coagulation function is and the lower the NCIS is, which suggest coagulation function should be monitored in neonates with gastrointestinal dysfunction, and early intervention should be done accordingly.

Objective:To investigate procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels in diarrheal patients who underwent irinotecan che-motherapy. Methods:Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein were detected among 85 diarrheal and 63 non-diarrheal patients after irinote-can chemotherapy. Results:According to WHO classification, patients without diarrhea are classified as grade 0, whereas patients with diarrhea can be classified as gradesⅠ-Ⅳ. In grades 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ, andⅣpatients, the levels of procalcitonin were 0.29 ± 0.17, 0.30 ± 0.18, 0.36 ± 0.20, 1.24 ± 0.22, and 2.15 ± 0.26 ng/mL on the second day, respectively. However, on the fourth day, the procalcitonin lev-els were 0.28 ± 0.15, 0.30 ± 0.14, 0.34 ± 0.18, 2.00 ± 0.22, and 2.40 ± 0.28 ng/mL, respectively. Moreover, in grades 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ, andⅣ, the levels of C-reactive protein were 6.06 ± 1.85, 6.12 ± 1.16, 6.20 ± 1.68, 22.62 ± 4.55, and 31.26 ± 5.23 mg/L on the second day, respectively. On the fourth day, the C-reactive protein levels were 5.80 ± 1.82, 5.94 ± 1.14, 6.15 ± 1.55, 30.52 ± 4.74, and 38.67 ± 5.68 mg/L, respectively. No significant difference was found between the procalcitonin and C-reactive protein levels of stagesⅠandⅡpa-tients (P>0.05), but a significant difference was found between stagesⅠ, andⅡpatients and stagesⅢandⅣpatients (P<0.05). Con-clusion: Monitoring levels of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein may be helpful in the early evaluation of the severity of diarrhea. This process has prognostic effect and can be used to assess whether patients have enterogenous bacterial infection. Monitoring the lev-els of these proteins has certain clinical value and can be used to guide early anti-infection therapy.

Objective To study on the effectiveness of endoscopy in diagnosing the gallbladder-intestine fistula. Methods The clinical datum of 24 patients with gallbladder-intestine fistula from January 1982 to March 2004 were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. All patients were examined by endoscopy and confirmed from operation. Results Twenty-one out of 24 patients were finally diagnosed by endoscopy while 3 of them were misdiagnosed. Other examinations among the 24 patients included B ultrasound 11 , computer tomography (CT) 5, and abdominal plain films 7; none of them was finally diagnosed by these measures. Two out of 8 patients were finally diagnosed by barium meal or enema roentgenogram. Conclusion Endoscopy was an important method in diagnosing the gallbladder-intestine fistula. The diagnostic level would be improved if the specific characters of endoscopies in this entity were fully recognized.

12 weeks of gestation. Results No conversions to open surgery were needed, and no complications were observed. The operation time, intraoperative hemorrhage volume, time to first passing flatus, and length of hospitalization were respectively 109.2?14.4 min, 80.5?14.3 ml, 21.1?3.2 h, and 4.2? 0.4 d for CISH, 108.7?14.8 min, 79.8?10.0 ml, 20.6?2.7 h, and 4.2?0.4 d for LAVH, 107.6?24.2 min, 80.8?17.2 ml, 20.4?2.0 h, and 4.1?0.5 d for LSH, and 110.0?12.3 min, 80.0?18.7 ml, 20.8?1.9 h, and 4.2?0.5 d for LTH. The modified surgical procedures were successfully accomplished in all the 40 patients with extended uterus. Conclusions Different types of laparoscopic hysterectomy present different indications, advantages and disadvantages. The treatment should be individualized.

Objective To observe the efficacy of asarone injection combined with inhalation on the treatment of COPD acute phase.MethodsAccording to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis and treatment guidelinesin the diagnostic criteria for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in acute phase, 81 patients were randomized double-blindly divided into observation group of 40 cases and a control group 41 cases.Administering inhalation nebulizer patients in the control group, asarone injection combined with inhalation treatment in the observation group.Serum levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) levels before and after treatment, using a blood gas analyzer patients arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) and arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) level, measured using a spirometer patients accounted for one second forced expiratory percentage of predicted value (FEV1% pred) and total airway resistance, and a separate determination combination therapy regimen based on the above indicators Comparative efficacy.Results①IL-8, IFN-γ, TNF-α: After treatment, the observation group was significantly lower than the control group (t=11.498;t=10.279;t=11.576), the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).②blood gas PaO2 and PaCO2: post-treatment observation group than the control group (t=11.021;t =8.868), the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).③lung function FEV1% pred and total airway resistance: After treatment, the observation group than the control group (t=7.182;t=6.341), the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The total effective rate was significantly higher (χ2 =4.742) after ④observation group, the difference was significant (P<0.05).ConclusionAsarone injection combined with inhalation can reduce chronic inflammation in the body in patients with acute obstructive pulmonary disease, the body adjust blood gas, improve lung function, improve the treatment of patients with acute COPD.

OBJECTIVE To know the risk factors about lung infection in patients after tracheal intubation general anesthesia and take control measures.METHODS All the patients with tracheal intubation general anesthesia from Jan to Dec in 2007 were investigated retrospectively.RESULTS Among 2914 operation cases,471 cases were of tracheal intubation general anesthesia and 95 cases were infected(20.17%).The infection rate was 5.38%(24 hours).Sputum culture: G-bacteria accounted for 57.65%,G+ bacteria 28.83%,fungi(13.52%).CONCLUSIONS The infection rate increase with longer intubation time.Mechanical ventilation is a risk factor of lung infection.The measures to control infection include shortening intubation hours,reducing mechanical ventilation and strictly sterilization and isolation.

OBJECTIVE To study the quality of the related articles published in a core biomedical journal Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology in the latest five years. METHODS Statistical analysis and quality evaluation were performed based on the 2 612 related papers which selected from its 48 issues published during the period from 2000 to 2004. RESULTS(1) Five year average publication capacity index was 0.57.(2) The majority authors were from medical universities or their affiliated hospitals and provincial or military medical units.(3) The majority types of the papers were scientific research articles,theses and reviews.(4) There were 160 grant based projects.(5) The average quotations were 6.0 in each paper,among them: 68.6% were Chinese literature,31.4% were from foreign sources,while 34.2% were self-citation.(6) The average issues time lag was 273.5 days in the latest five years. CONCLUSIONS Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology has the superiority in the above aspects,which confirmed its quality as a core journal.

Objective To explore the different effect of elafin incubated by different bacteria on P.aeruginosa(Pa) bioflim. Methods To cultivate the A549 cells in vitro, the pEGFP-N1-elafin eukaryotic expression vectors have been transfected to the cells by LipofectamineTM 2000. Elafin transfected cells incubated by the supernatant of S. epidermidis (S.epidermidis group), Pa (Pa group) and E.coli (E.coli group) respectively for 24 hours,the A549 cells were transfected. Then the levels of elafin were detected by ELISA and Western blot. To establish the Pa biofilm model in vitro,a rapid silver nitrate staining procedure and scanning electronic microscope (SEM)demonstrated bacterial biofilm. After biofilm carriers were put into each group and incubated for 8 hours, we measured the proportion of bacteria biofilm by silver nitrate staining and observed the structure of biofilm by SEM. Results The Pa and E.coli groups(especially Pa) raised the content of elafin in cells and the level of secretion increasing as compared to the normal group, while the S. epidermidis group had no change. Both silver nitrate staining procedure and SEM demonstrated the prestnce of bacterial biofilms. The the proportion of bacteria biofilm and the structure of BF in Pa and E.coli groups were changed, especially in Pa group. Conclusion There was a specificity for bacteria to induce the express of elafin. The inducing effect of Pa was more significant than that of E.coli.