Objective To investigate p16 promoter methylation in premature rats with chronic lung disease induced by hyperoxia. Methods Eighty premature Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: hyperoxia group (fraction of inspiratory oxygen) 0. 90 and control group (fraction of inspiratory oxygen 0. 21), 40 rats for each group. Semi-nested methylation specific polymerase chain reaction and methylation specific polymerase chain reaction were applied respectively to detect p16 promoter methylation in lung tissues. Additionally, p16 mRNA and protein expressions in lung tissue were detected by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemistry method. Results The methylation was not found in control group by seminested methylation specific polymerase chain reaction and methylation specific polymerase chain reaction, while was found in different aged rats of the hyperoxia group. The methylation detection rate was higher by using the semi-nested methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (52.5%, 21/40) than that by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (42.5%, 17/40) in the hyperoxia group,but there was no statistically significant difference between the two methods. The p16 mRNA in the hyperoxia group were significantly lower than in the control group at day 7, 14 and 21(1.73 ± 0.40 vs 2.11±0. 37,1.29±0. 19 vs 1.60±0. 27,0. 95±0.25 vs 1.72±0. 34, t=2.19, 2.95 and 10. 43,P＜0. 05). The p16 protein expressions by western blot in the hyperoxia group were significantly lower than in the control group at day 7, 14 and 21 also (88. 1±8. 7 vs 95.0±4.1,65.7±4.5 vs 83. 5±13.6 and 50.4±4.9 vs 86.7±11.9, t=2.27,3.95 and 13.40,P＜0.05). The expression of p16 mRNA (1.06±0.61) and protein (62.32±25.65) in lung tissues of rats with methylation was lower than that without methylation (1.63±0.62 and 94.93±22.21, respectively) (t=2.95, OR=0. 86;t=4.28, OR=0. 85,P＜0.01, respectively). Conclusions Exposure to hyperoxia might induce p16 promoter methylation in lung tissues in premature rats. Methylation risk increases as exposure time extends. p16 promoter methylation induced by hyperoxia might participate in the mechanism of lowering p16 mRNA and protein expression, but might not result in p16 gene silence.

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis .The rapid development of laboratory diagnostic technology provides a variety of options for diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis .Nucleic acid detection is to use the theory and technology of molecular biology ,through direct detection of status or defect of particular segments ,then make diagnosis of the state of human body and disease .In recent years ,the development of nucleic acid diagnostic technique has greatly promoted the rapid diagnostic of laboratories .This article reviews the new methods of bacterial nucleic acid and host mi‐croRNAs detection technologies .

Objective To evaluate the left ventricular function in patients with different extents of coronary stenosis by the left ventricular pressure volume loop Methods In 65 patients who were undergoing coronary angiography and left ventriculography examinations, materials of clinical and cardiac catheter examinations were collected In right anterior oblique 30 degrees the left ventriculography was progressed The pressure curves of the left ventricle and the aorta were recorded continuously and volumes of the left ventricles were measured with the dot tracing method Pressure volume loop was set up and ventricular energy indexes embodied by the pressure volume loop were measured and calculated Results In normal group, pressure volume loop was located in the left and lower portion of the coordinate system Along with the levels of the coronary stenosis becoming more severe, pressure volume loops moved to the right and upper portion of the coordinate system Little changes occurred in ejection fraction except that there was a decreasing in patients with lesions of three branches; Stroke work showed no obvious changes; Filling energy became larger; Total energy increased obviously in both groups with lesions of double branches and three branches; End systolic energy increased gradually while energy efficiency decreased gradually Conclusion The ventricular pressure volume loop can be obtained in routine ventriculography which can reflect many indexes of ventricular function quantitatively The ventricular energy indexes change correspondingly with coronary artery lesions and may be useful to assess ventricular function in patients with different levels of coronary stenosis

OBJECTIVEThis research aims to study the changes in pain threshold and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in a Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model oftrigeminal neuralgia.

METHODSA total of 36 male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: operative, sham-operative, and control. In the operative group, a chronic constriction injury (CCI) was caused by placing loose chromic gut ligatures around the right infraorbital nerve (ION). In the sham-operative group, the right ION was subjected to the same procedure, but without ligation. In the control group, the right ION was not subjected to any treatment. The pain thresholds of the three groups were recorded at different times after the operation. The GDNF expression in each group was analyzed via immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTSAn allodynia to mechanical stimulation in the region of the ligated ION was observed starting on the 2nd week after operation. Pain thresholds started to increase gradually from the 6th week and returned to the original level at the 10th to 12th week after operation. Cells that expressed the GDNF markedly increased in number in the operative group with changes observed at different times.

CONCLUSIONWe use chronic constriction injury to the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION) to establish a trigeminal neuralgia-like animal model in SD rats. GDNF may play a role in regulating pain by promoting the restoration and regeneration of nerve fibers.

Animals ; Constriction ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factors ; Hyperalgesia ; Male ; Pain Threshold ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Trigeminal Neuralgia

Objective To explore the application value of PBL combined with medical simulation training in pediatric clinical practice for long-schooling program medical students.Methods Totally 41 long-schooling program medical students in pediatric department were taken as study group while 40 medical students as control group.PBL combined with medical simulation training was used in study group while traditional method was used in control group.Teaching effect was evaluated using score analysis,PBL learning performance rating scale and student questionnaire.Results Scores of theory test and clinical skill exam after course completion in study group were significantly higher than those of control group (P ＜ 0.01).PBL learning performance rating scale and student questionnaire showed that the student's comprehensive ability has significantly improved.Conclusions Application of PBL and medical simulation training in the pediatric clinical practice for long-schooling program medical students can enhance students' problem analyzing and summarizing abilities,problem-solving ability and practical operation ability.It can effectively cultivate team collaboration and doctor-patient communication skills as well as improve the quality of teaching.

Objective To estimate the significance of E-selectin and P-selectin in nodular vasculitis.Methods The EnVision two-step method was used to measure the expression of E-selectin and P-selectin in skin samples from the lesions of 70 patients with nodular vasculitis and normal skin of 24 human controls. The differences between the patients and controls in the expression of E-selectin and P-selectin and relationship between their expression levels in nodular vasculitis lesions were assessed. Results The expression of E-selectin was detected in all the specimens of nodular vasculitis, and most of the expression level was moderately intensive (++); while E-selectin was absent in all of the control specimens. All the specimens of nodular vasculitis stained postivive for P-selectin, which was strongly (+++) expressed in most of the specimens; while only 2 control specimens stained weakly positive for P-selectin. A significant difference was observed in the expression of E-selectin and P-selectin between the specimens from the patients and controls (both P< 0.01), but not among specimens from patients at different ages and between specimens from female and male patients (all P > 0.05). In addition, the expression of E-selectin and P-selectin was well correlated with each other in lesions of nodular vasculitis (P < 0.01). Conclusions The expression of E-selectin and P-selectin is correlated with each other in lesions of acute nodular vasculitis, and is associated with the development of nodular vasculitis.

Objective To explore the effects of case method teaching in the medical postgraduate student of dermatology English teaching. Methods The experiment group was taught by case method teaching, and the control group was taught by traditional teaching model. The quantitative research and questionnaire investigation were used to evaluate the teaching methods. Results (1) There were significant differences in professional English test scores of Dermatology between the two groups;(2) The questionnaire investigation revealed that the case method teaching have achieved a higher evaluation from students in stimulating their enthusiasm of learning English,cultivating their ability of using language and improving capability of resolving clinical problem. Conclusion Case method teaching could help students cultivate the abilities to interpersonal communication and cooperation, raise the sense of innovation and innovation capacity,strengthen the relation between skills and theoretical knowledge, and improve the ability of self-management, learn cooperation and information literacy. But we should improve the case-based teaching and evaluation methods,in order to improve the teaching method of case teaching quality.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,pathogenic causes and treatment outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in very old patients in order to improving the diagnosis and treatment.Methods 39 AKI patients aged ≥80 years in the department of geriatric medicine of our hospital were enrolled and followed up for 3 months.Clinical and laboratory data were analyzed and the pathogenic causes as well as the treatment outcomes were summarized.Results Among the 39 very old patients,31(79.5％) were male,8(20.5％) were female,and the mean age was (93.5±4.6) years.33 (84.6％)patients had chronic kidney diseases.The pathogenic causes of AKI were mainly as follows:urological infections (71.8％),blood volume deficiency (48.7％),cardiac dysfunction (23.1％) and hypotension (15.4％).2 to 4 pathogenic causes were co present in 64.1％ patients.Renal function was improved and recovered in 69.2 ％ patients and the death rate was 25.6％ after treatment.The main causes of death were septic shock (30.0％),multiple organ failure (20.0％),massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage (20.0％) et al.Conclusions Most of the very old patients may suffer from AKI on the basis of chronic kidney disease.AKI is often induced by multiple pathogenic causes.The main factors leading to AKI are urological infections,followed by blood volume deficiency and cardiac dysfunction.Most patients with AKI can recover after the precipitating factors are removed and supportive treatments are administered in time.Septic shock is the main cause of death.

Objective To analyze the etiology and clinical characteristics of infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome (IMLS).Methods Eighty-seven children with IMLS in a hospital from January 2006 to September 2013 were per-formed pathogenic detection,then clinical features were summarized and analyzed.Results The top 5 pathogens in IMLS were Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP,n=20 ),cytomegalovirus (CMV,n=13),simplex herpes virus(HSV, n=11),Chlamydia (CP,n=11),and parvovirus B19 (Hpv B19,n=9 ),clinical manifestations of all kinds of dis-eases were similar,but the occurrence rates were slightly different.MP infection were mainly fever,hepatospleno-megaly,and lymphadenopathy,and most were associated with respiratory complications(including laryngitis,bron-chitis,and pneumonia),CMV infection were also showed fever and hepatosplenomegaly,but the latter was more ob-vious;rubella patients didn’t appear skin rash,but the other symptoms were obvious.Conclusion Etiologies of in-fectious mononucleosis-like syndrome are varied,MP infection is most common,the next is CMV.Pathogens should be ascertained to provide theoretical basis of treatment.

BACKGROUND:Because the content of oral and maxil ofacial anatomy is various and complex, only the traditional way of multimedia cannot display the anatomical structures from multi-angle and al-round. The development of virtual reality technology in oral and maxil ofacial anatomy of three-dimensional reconstruction research is rapid, causes the attention of many scholars, and has become a hot spot. OBJECTIVE:To develop a three-dimensional digital model of tooth, dentition and skul , and establish a multimedia database of oral and maxil ofacial anatomy to facilitate network sharing and information dissemination so as to provide new method for teaching of basic and clinical oral medicine. METHODS:Extracted teeth with intact crown and root, dentition and skul were chosen. Each specimen was taken at horizontal and vertical direction by the camera in the center of turntable. Al the images obtained were treated using Photoshop CS5 for dressing and compression. The image data were input into The VR Worx system, fol owed by parameters and hotspots setting and the compression. Final y, the three-dimensional digital models were reconstructed and output with QuickTime VR format into disk. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Three-dimensional digital models of tooth and skul were constructed with photography and the VR Worx 2.6 software, which could faithful y reproduce the anatomical characteristics of teeth, dentition and skul s, and facilitate researchers to rotate and scale for observation. Also, it was easy for hotspot-marking. On the platform of digital photography and The VR Worx software, it is feasible to establish the three-dimensional digital model of tooth and skul . This approach is the entity reconstruction, and the reconstructed model appears clear, vivid, and is easy to be saved and promoted.