Objective To investigate p16 promoter methylation in premature rats with chronic lung disease induced by hyperoxia. Methods Eighty premature Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: hyperoxia group (fraction of inspiratory oxygen) 0. 90 and control group (fraction of inspiratory oxygen 0. 21), 40 rats for each group. Semi-nested methylation specific polymerase chain reaction and methylation specific polymerase chain reaction were applied respectively to detect p16 promoter methylation in lung tissues. Additionally, p16 mRNA and protein expressions in lung tissue were detected by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemistry method. Results The methylation was not found in control group by seminested methylation specific polymerase chain reaction and methylation specific polymerase chain reaction, while was found in different aged rats of the hyperoxia group. The methylation detection rate was higher by using the semi-nested methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (52.5%, 21/40) than that by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (42.5%, 17/40) in the hyperoxia group,but there was no statistically significant difference between the two methods. The p16 mRNA in the hyperoxia group were significantly lower than in the control group at day 7, 14 and 21(1.73 ± 0.40 vs 2.11±0. 37,1.29±0. 19 vs 1.60±0. 27,0. 95±0.25 vs 1.72±0. 34, t=2.19, 2.95 and 10. 43,P＜0. 05). The p16 protein expressions by western blot in the hyperoxia group were significantly lower than in the control group at day 7, 14 and 21 also (88. 1±8. 7 vs 95.0±4.1,65.7±4.5 vs 83. 5±13.6 and 50.4±4.9 vs 86.7±11.9, t=2.27,3.95 and 13.40,P＜0.05). The expression of p16 mRNA (1.06±0.61) and protein (62.32±25.65) in lung tissues of rats with methylation was lower than that without methylation (1.63±0.62 and 94.93±22.21, respectively) (t=2.95, OR=0. 86;t=4.28, OR=0. 85,P＜0.01, respectively). Conclusions Exposure to hyperoxia might induce p16 promoter methylation in lung tissues in premature rats. Methylation risk increases as exposure time extends. p16 promoter methylation induced by hyperoxia might participate in the mechanism of lowering p16 mRNA and protein expression, but might not result in p16 gene silence.

Objective To evaluate the left ventricular function in patients with different extents of coronary stenosis by the left ventricular pressure volume loop Methods In 65 patients who were undergoing coronary angiography and left ventriculography examinations, materials of clinical and cardiac catheter examinations were collected In right anterior oblique 30 degrees the left ventriculography was progressed The pressure curves of the left ventricle and the aorta were recorded continuously and volumes of the left ventricles were measured with the dot tracing method Pressure volume loop was set up and ventricular energy indexes embodied by the pressure volume loop were measured and calculated Results In normal group, pressure volume loop was located in the left and lower portion of the coordinate system Along with the levels of the coronary stenosis becoming more severe, pressure volume loops moved to the right and upper portion of the coordinate system Little changes occurred in ejection fraction except that there was a decreasing in patients with lesions of three branches; Stroke work showed no obvious changes; Filling energy became larger; Total energy increased obviously in both groups with lesions of double branches and three branches; End systolic energy increased gradually while energy efficiency decreased gradually Conclusion The ventricular pressure volume loop can be obtained in routine ventriculography which can reflect many indexes of ventricular function quantitatively The ventricular energy indexes change correspondingly with coronary artery lesions and may be useful to assess ventricular function in patients with different levels of coronary stenosis

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis .The rapid development of laboratory diagnostic technology provides a variety of options for diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis .Nucleic acid detection is to use the theory and technology of molecular biology ,through direct detection of status or defect of particular segments ,then make diagnosis of the state of human body and disease .In recent years ,the development of nucleic acid diagnostic technique has greatly promoted the rapid diagnostic of laboratories .This article reviews the new methods of bacterial nucleic acid and host mi‐croRNAs detection technologies .

OBJECTIVEThis research aims to study the changes in pain threshold and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in a Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model oftrigeminal neuralgia.

METHODSA total of 36 male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: operative, sham-operative, and control. In the operative group, a chronic constriction injury (CCI) was caused by placing loose chromic gut ligatures around the right infraorbital nerve (ION). In the sham-operative group, the right ION was subjected to the same procedure, but without ligation. In the control group, the right ION was not subjected to any treatment. The pain thresholds of the three groups were recorded at different times after the operation. The GDNF expression in each group was analyzed via immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTSAn allodynia to mechanical stimulation in the region of the ligated ION was observed starting on the 2nd week after operation. Pain thresholds started to increase gradually from the 6th week and returned to the original level at the 10th to 12th week after operation. Cells that expressed the GDNF markedly increased in number in the operative group with changes observed at different times.

CONCLUSIONWe use chronic constriction injury to the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION) to establish a trigeminal neuralgia-like animal model in SD rats. GDNF may play a role in regulating pain by promoting the restoration and regeneration of nerve fibers.

Animals ; Constriction ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factors ; Hyperalgesia ; Male ; Pain Threshold ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Trigeminal Neuralgia

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,pathogenic causes and treatment outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in very old patients in order to improving the diagnosis and treatment.Methods 39 AKI patients aged ≥80 years in the department of geriatric medicine of our hospital were enrolled and followed up for 3 months.Clinical and laboratory data were analyzed and the pathogenic causes as well as the treatment outcomes were summarized.Results Among the 39 very old patients,31(79.5％) were male,8(20.5％) were female,and the mean age was (93.5±4.6) years.33 (84.6％)patients had chronic kidney diseases.The pathogenic causes of AKI were mainly as follows:urological infections (71.8％),blood volume deficiency (48.7％),cardiac dysfunction (23.1％) and hypotension (15.4％).2 to 4 pathogenic causes were co present in 64.1％ patients.Renal function was improved and recovered in 69.2 ％ patients and the death rate was 25.6％ after treatment.The main causes of death were septic shock (30.0％),multiple organ failure (20.0％),massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage (20.0％) et al.Conclusions Most of the very old patients may suffer from AKI on the basis of chronic kidney disease.AKI is often induced by multiple pathogenic causes.The main factors leading to AKI are urological infections,followed by blood volume deficiency and cardiac dysfunction.Most patients with AKI can recover after the precipitating factors are removed and supportive treatments are administered in time.Septic shock is the main cause of death.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathologic features of cervical adenoid basal cell carcinoma. Methods Clinical and pathological data were analyzed in 12 cases of cervical adenoid basal cell carcinoma and the relevant literatures were reviewed. Results The age of 12 cases of with cervical adenoid basal cell cancer patients ranged from 36~70 years ( mean:53. 3 years) , with a medi-an age of 51. 5 years. Amongst 12 patients who contained no gross definite lesion, 5 patients (41. 7%) had the symptoms of vaginal bleeding. 8 cases of patients underwent hysterectomy, while the other four received cervical conization. Cervical intraepithelial neopla-sia ( CIN) lesions were observed in all 12 cases. The tumor cells were small and uniform, with dark oval nuclei without conspicuous nucleoli and scanty cytoplasm. Tumor infiltrated into the stroma in nests and cords. Glandular differentiation within tumor nests were seen in 12 cases, including two cases of squamous cell differentiation accompanied by partial and minor interstitial edema. Peripheral palisading cells around tumor nests were also found. The infiltrating depth of tumor ranged from 0. 5~10 mm with the average 4. 12 mm. Cancer embolis were available in 2 cases with no lymph node metastasis. 10 cases followed up for 3~78 months with no recur-rence and metastasis, but 2 cases were lost. Conclusion Adenoid basal cell carcinoma is a rare uterine cervical tumor found in post-menopausal women, which are often accompanied with CIN. This tumor has a favorable prognosis and should be clearly separated from adenoid cystic carcinoma and other tumors which also have infiltrative growth pattern.

Objective To explore the application value of PBL combined with medical simulation training in pediatric clinical practice for long-schooling program medical students.Methods Totally 41 long-schooling program medical students in pediatric department were taken as study group while 40 medical students as control group.PBL combined with medical simulation training was used in study group while traditional method was used in control group.Teaching effect was evaluated using score analysis,PBL learning performance rating scale and student questionnaire.Results Scores of theory test and clinical skill exam after course completion in study group were significantly higher than those of control group (P ＜ 0.01).PBL learning performance rating scale and student questionnaire showed that the student's comprehensive ability has significantly improved.Conclusions Application of PBL and medical simulation training in the pediatric clinical practice for long-schooling program medical students can enhance students' problem analyzing and summarizing abilities,problem-solving ability and practical operation ability.It can effectively cultivate team collaboration and doctor-patient communication skills as well as improve the quality of teaching.

Objective To study the cardioprotection effects of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)on cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR).Method Male Sprague-Dawley rats were asphyxiated for 9 minutes and resuscitated.Rats wefe randomly divided into 4 groups,namely,sham asphysiation group,CPR group,Hemin group and Heroin +ZnPP group(zinc protoporyphyrin IX).Resuscitated groups were further divided into two subgroups according to various intervals:6 hours and 24 hours after resuscitation.Hemodynamic was observed.Serum creatine phosphokinase-MB(CPK-MB)and lactate dehydrogenase were determined.HO-1 in heart tissue homogenates was assayed.Ultrastructure of rats hearts was examined.Statical evaluation was performed with analysis of variance.Results The mean blood pressure(MBP)in resuscitated groups was significantly reduced after resuscitation,hadn't any difference between supgroups.The scores of dp/dt 40 and-dp/dt were significantly decreased in CPR group and Hemin+ZnPP group after resuscitation(all P＜0.05),but dP/dt40 in Heroin group did nol differ significantly after resuscitation.and-dp/dt decreased only 0.5 hours and one hour after resuscitation and returned to baseline values two hours after resuscitation.The scores of dp/dt 40and-dp/dt in Heroin group at different intervals after resuscitation were significantly higher than those in CPR group and Hemin+ZnPP group(all P＜0.05).Serum CPK-MB and LDH in CPR group and Hemin+ZnPP group at 6 hours and 24 hours after resuscitation were significantly higher than those in Hemin group(all P＜0.05).The cardiac tissue ultrastructure of rats in Hemin group was more intact than that of CPB group and Hemin+ZnPP goup.HO-1 levels in heart tissue homogenates of Hemin group at 6 hours and 24 hours after resuscitation were significantly higher than those in CPR group and Heroin+ZnPP group(all P＜0.05).Conclusions HO-1 expression induced by Heroin can effectively improve post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction,alleviate cardiac injury,keep the ultrassructure integrity of cardiac myocytes.It may be a new approach to treat myocardial dysfunction after resuscitation.

Objective To investigate the influence of a combination of Chinese herbs,Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus and A ngelica sinensis (A&A)on the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS)and the underlying mechanism during the process of renal interstitial fibrosis in the obstructive kidneys of rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction(uuo).Method Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control,sham,UUO and UAA (UUO+A&A)groups.The rats in UAA group were administered with A&A(14 g/kg)by oral gavage once daily:the ones in sham and UUO group were given with equal volumes of water.Three days after setting up models,pathological injury of renal tissue was evaluated.Level of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and activity of CuZn superoxide dismutase(CuZn-SOD)in renal homogenates were measured bv spectrophotometry.Expression of NADPH oxidase subunits p47-phox,p22-phox and nintrotyrosine was analyzed by Western blot. Results Severe interstitial inflammatory cells infiltration, mild tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis were found in UUO group, which were alleviated by A&A administration. Compared to sham group, T-AOC of UUO group was not significantly changed, but the expression of the nitrotyrosine, NADPH oxidase subunits p47-phox and p22-phox was increased significantly (P<0.05). After A&A administration, T-AOC level was increased (2.5±1.1 vs 1.5±0.5, P<0.05) and the expression of nitrotyrosine was decreased (P< 0.05) in UAA group compared with UUO group. Additionally, the expression of p47-phox was reduced at day 3 (P<0.05), accompanied with a reduced expression of p22-phox (P< 0.05). CuZn-SOD activity was not significantly changed among the groups. Conclusion The inhibition of A&A in NADPH oxidase subunits p47-phox and p22-phox, which is responsible for reduction of oxidative stress, is associated with the alleviation of renal fibrosis in obstructive rat kidney.

AIM: To investigate the effects of Shuguan Capsule on myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial oxygen consumption (MOC) in anesthetized dogs. METHODS: Coronary blood flow (CBF) of twenty-five thoracotomized dogs was detected by electromagnetic flow meter and the MBF was calculated. While the oxygen content in the artery (AO2 ) and in the coronary venous sinus (VO2) was determined with blood oxygen analysis.Moreover, the other cardiac hemodynamic parameters, such as heart rate (HR), femoral arterial blood pressure (BP), were observed by physiological polygraph. RESULTS: It was found that Shuguan Capsule (48.5 mg/kg and 194 mg/kg) could significantly increase the MBF, and then decease the coronary artery resistance. Furthermore, Shuguan Capsule could also lower the AO2, but increase the VO2, which led to the decreased MOC. CONCLUSION: Shuguan Capsule exhibits the effects to keep the balance between blood supply and oxygen consumption in the heart by modulating the coronary resistance and by reducing MOC in dogs.