Under the endeavor of several generations,department of pharmacology,school of pharmaceutical sciences,Central South University,now has become the national key discipline.It is in possession of the right to confer master and doctor degree and is a mobile postdoctoral station.In 2004,department of pharmacology gained the national exquisite course.In recent years,taking the chance of welcoming the teaching evaluation of the ministry of education,a series of teaching reform and investigation has been carried out which can both improve the standards of teaching and accelerate the stable progression of the discipline.

Objective To explore the preventive effect of feedforward control on unexpected extubation in patients with cerebral apoplexy.Methods The clinical data of 42 cerebral apoplexy patients during May 2010 and May 2011 were retrospectively reviewed to find out the risk factors of unexpected extubation.The feedforward control was used to manage 49 cerebral apoplexy patients during June 2011 to June 2012 to control the risk factors.The incidence of unexpected extubation was compared between pre-and post-use of feedforward control. Results After application of feedforward control,the incidences of unexpected extubation of gastric tube,deep vein tubes and urinary tubes reduce were significantly decreased compared to pre-use of feedforward control(all P<0.01).Conclusion The feedforward control on patients with cerebral apoplexy is effective in reducing the incidence of unexpected extubation and ensuring the intubation safety.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of worsening renal function (WRF) in patients with chronic heart failure ( CHF) and WRF influence on prognosis. Methods A case-control study were undertaken to analyze independent risk factor statistically related to incidence of WRF, and to assess the influence of WRF on prognosis. Results The independent predictors of WRF were creatinine level at admission (OR 2.248,95% CI 1.088-4.647, P = 0.029) and NYHA class on admission ( OR 2.485, 95% CI 1.3854. 459, P = 0.002). The mortality of patient with WRF was obviously higher than that of control group during hospitalization( OR 3. 824,95% CI 2. 452-5. 637 ,P ＜0.015). Conclusions WRF is a common complication among patients hospitalized for CHF, and is obviously associated with mortality during hospitalization. Higher creatinine level and weak heart function are independent risk factors for incidence of WRF of patients with CHF.

In order to optimize the ~(18)O labeling method, two key aspects, peptide dispersion and trypsin deac tivation were discussed o The addition of Rapigest SF in H_2~('8)O and microwave heating enhanced labeling efficiency of α-casein digested peptides(~(18)O/~(16)O) ratio >99%).Chemical modification with tris(2-carboxyeth yl) phosphine (TCEP) and iodoacetamide (IAA) resulted in trypsin deactivated completely.No significant back-exchange from ~(18)O to ~(16)O was observed after labeling in 6 days.The experiment result with peptide mixture from showed that the improved method could be effectively used to label protein and peptide.

Objective To investigate the situation of admission nursing evaluation on elderly patients of geriatrics departments in several Shanghai comprehensive hospitals, and the results will be the base for designing elderly patient′s comprehensive admission nursing evaluation form. Methods 41 nurse managers of geriatrics department in Shanghai comprehensive hospitals were selected as research object. Self-designed questionnaire included general data, elderly patient admission nursing evaluation content and the importance of each item. Results The effective recovery rate was 97.56%(40/41). 98%(39/40) hospitals considered that elderly patients need to have a comprehensive assessment according to the elderly characteristics, only 18%(7/40) hospitals used the special nursing evaluation form for elderly patients. The score of importance of five dimensions were as follows: geriatric syndromes or problems scored (4.64 ± 0.38), physical function assessment scored (4.60 ± 0.46), physiological function assessment scored (4.53 ± 0.45), mental and psychological assessment scored (4.10 ± 0.57) and social assessment scored (4.07±0.52). The score of importance of 29 items were as follows:fall assessment scored (4.90±0.30), pressure ulcer assessment scored (4.85 ± 0.36), activities of daily living scored (4.75 ± 0.44), urinary incontinence assessment scored (4.70 ± 0.52), pain assessment scored (4.70 ± 0.46). Conclusions It is of great significance to carry on the comprehensive admission nursing evaluation for the elderly patients, which needs to be valued and strengthened.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics,pathogenic causes and treatment outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in very old patients in order to improving the diagnosis and treatment.Methods 39 AKI patients aged ≥80 years in the department of geriatric medicine of our hospital were enrolled and followed up for 3 months.Clinical and laboratory data were analyzed and the pathogenic causes as well as the treatment outcomes were summarized.Results Among the 39 very old patients,31(79.5％) were male,8(20.5％) were female,and the mean age was (93.5±4.6) years.33 (84.6％)patients had chronic kidney diseases.The pathogenic causes of AKI were mainly as follows:urological infections (71.8％),blood volume deficiency (48.7％),cardiac dysfunction (23.1％) and hypotension (15.4％).2 to 4 pathogenic causes were co present in 64.1％ patients.Renal function was improved and recovered in 69.2 ％ patients and the death rate was 25.6％ after treatment.The main causes of death were septic shock (30.0％),multiple organ failure (20.0％),massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage (20.0％) et al.Conclusions Most of the very old patients may suffer from AKI on the basis of chronic kidney disease.AKI is often induced by multiple pathogenic causes.The main factors leading to AKI are urological infections,followed by blood volume deficiency and cardiac dysfunction.Most patients with AKI can recover after the precipitating factors are removed and supportive treatments are administered in time.Septic shock is the main cause of death.

Objective To investigate the effects of different chromatogram fingerprints analysis methods on the quality evaluation of Chinese herbal medicine. Methods With the chromatogram fingerprints of a Chinese patent medicine in different batches as the analytic object, the quality evaluation of three methods such as peak area ratio,peak area quantification and similarity coefficient were investigated. Results The method of peak area ratio has the highest accuracy rate and the precise rate for quality evaluation, and similarity coefficient and peak area quantification came next. The result of peak area quantification was similar to that by current evaluation method. Conclusion Different chromatogram fingerprints analysis methods would result in a great difference in the quality evaluation of Chinese herbal medicine.

Objective To review and summarize the effects of interventional treatment of hand arteriovenous malformation in 5 cases.Methods Through catheterization of brachial artery ipsilaterally the blood-supply artery of arteriovenous malformation was embolized,using high-temperaure managed gelatin sponge,silk thread,pingyangmycine and spring coil.Results Total 13 blood-supply arteries in 5 cases were embolized with successful rate of 100%,including 1 case of complex malformation under effectively controlled,3 cases cured clinically and 1 case still awaiting observation.Conclusions Transcatheter arterial embolization for the treatment of hand arteriovenous malformation is safe,effective and high successful.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:277-279)

Objective To discuss the clinical manifestations and imaging diagnostic value of tuberous sclerosis accompanied by multi-organ injuries.Methods 2 cases in our hospital and 27 cases of tuberous sclerosis from the published reports were collected.The clinical manifestations and imaging features as well as the extent and type of multi-organ lesion were analyzed.Results Among the 29 patients,17 were male and 12 were female.The averaged age was 16.8.The clinical manifestations included:with family history in 6 , epilepsies in 25 (15 with mental retardation),symmetric angiofibroma in the face in 22 (3 with similar changes in the else body surface),fibromas beneath toenail or fingernail in 4, hyperdactylia of thumb in 2 and abdominal masses in 7 (4 with hematuria), tuberous scleroses beneath ependymal layer in 27,17 patients with kidney diseases,9 involved liver,5 involved spleen.Conclusion Multiple organs can be involved by tuberous sclerosis.The calcification of ependymal lyer and harmatoma of kidney are the most valuable in imaging diagnosis of the disease.

The practice of general practice emphasizes that the general practitioner is the backbone, and the primary health institution is the main body, which solves the main health problems of the commu-nity and meets the basic health service needs of the residents. Rehabilitation medicine occupies a prominent position in the community health service, and its related knowledge and skills are the important part of the whole medical education. However, rehabilitation medicine has more teaching contents, less training time and out-of-date teaching model, which have made the effect of rehabilitation medicine teaching not good. In the rehabilitation medicine teaching for training general practitioners, by strengthening the concept of reha-bilitation, elaborating teaching content, optimizing teaching ward-round, and outstanding ability as well as reforming evaluation way, we try to exercise the students' clinical thinking and improve clinical skills, to cultivate outstanding qualified general medical practitioners for community rehabilitation ultimately.