Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the most comonly used method facing cardiac arrest.The 2010 CPR guidelines emphasized high quality chest compressions and recommended continuous compression for 2 minutes after defibrillation to minimize interruptions in compressions.However,starting chest compressions immediately after a defibrillation shock may be harmful,if the heart is providing spontaneous beats and being subjected to external compressions at the same time.So it is very important to recognize ROSC during CPR,the methods of which include touching the pulse,amplitude spectral area,partial pressure end-tidal carbon dioxide,coronary perfusion pressure,central venous oxygen saturation,chest compression fraction,regional cerebral oxygen saturation,photoplethysmography,conjunctival oxygen tension,transthoracic-impedance plethysmography and echocardiography.This paper gives a review of the ROSC prognosis and recognition methods during CPR.

Objective To evaluate the quality of Semen Cassiae from different habitats objectively. Methods To determine the content of chryso-phanic according to ChP and establish HPLC fingerprints with the gradient elution solvent composed of acetonitrile and 1% HAC. A C18 column (250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m) was used, flow rate: 1 mL/min, detecting wavelength: 254 nm, and the column temperature: room temperature. The clustering analysis was carried out by SAS software according to the content of chrysophanic and similarity of HPLC fingerprints obtained by the software of similarity analysis. Results The established HPLC fingerprint has desirable precision, reproducibility, and stability. The content of chrysophanic and HPLC fingerprints of Semen Cassiae from various habitats are different, which differs from the habitats. The content range of chrysophanic in Semen Cassiae is 0.037%-0.170% and the similarity is 0.864-0.962. Conclusion The method indicates the difference of the chemical component in Semen Cassiae from various habitats and can be used as a quality control method for Semen Cassiae.

Objective To develop simple theories and methods for health quality evaluation in moderately prosperous society, and to establish a health quality index (HQI) model to assess the improvement in health quality. Methods Four health quality - related indexes were selected following screening. HQI was then calculated. In 5 provinces, empirical analysis of HQI was conducted. Results In F test, there was significant difference in HQI between different regions of China in 2005. Conclusions The study provides a scientific, comprehensive, sensitive, and intuitive evaluation index, HQI, which may be helpful in assessing the health level.

BACKGROUND: Studies of spinal biomechanics are conducted based on three-dimensional finite element model. The biomechanics of lower thoracic vertebra requires accurate and precise finite element models due to its structural characteristics. Currently, cervical and lumbar finite element models have been explored, but the studies of lower thoracic vertebra remains unclear.OBJECTIVE: Using reverse engineering software to reconstruct three-dimensional finite element model of lower thoracic vertebra, to lay a foundation for further biomechanical research. METHODS: imaging samples of one case with no spinal disease or osteoporosis were selected from Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College. Informed content was obtained. Using non-spinal-disease CT data, three-dimensional finite element model Of lower thoracic vertebrae and intervertebral discs were reconstructed with Mimics, Gomagic and Ansys softwares. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Using reverse engineering software in combination with CT technique, the three-dimensional finite element model of lower thoracic vertebrae was reconstructed. The model accurately showed their anatomic characteristics and discrimination of inner structure. The lower thoracic vertebrae was divided into 112 540 tetrahedron elements. Results show that using reverse engineering software, a three-dimensional finite element model of lower thoracic vertebrae was successfully reconstructed, with high efficiency of establishment and simple operation.

Objective To observe the effect of different regions of tripterygium hypoglaucum (Lévl.) hutch on macrophage inflammatory factor, and to providetheoretical basis and experimental basis for the clinical application of tripterygium hypoglaucum (Lévl.) hutch. Methods 5 batches of tripterygium hypoglaucum (Lévl.) hutch were collected, then the samples turned into alcohol extract by extraction and isolation. The IC50 values of alcohol extracts were measured by MTT in BMDM cell. B MDM cell were induced by the 5 batches of samples with IC50, then IL-6, IL-10, iNOS were detected by Elisa. The efficacy of different regions of tripterygium hypoglaucum (Lévl.) hutch on macrophage inflammatory factor was evaluated by comparison with sulfasalazine. Results The content of IL-6 (4.22 ± 0.38 pg/ml, 4.55 ± 0.44 pg/ml vs.7.92 ± 0.84 pg/ml) and iNOS (0.07 ± 0.04 ng/ml, 0.28 ± 0.10 ng/ml vs. 0.86 ± 0.13 ng/ml) in HuNan and ZheJiang groups were significantly lower than sulfasalazine (P<0.05), and the content of IL-10 (19.34 ± 6.06 pg/ml, 24.34 ± 3.03 pg/ml vs. 9.06 ± 0.40 pg/ml) in Guizhou and Fujian groups were higher than sulfasalazine (P<0.05). Conclusion The anti-inflammatory effect of HuNan and ZheJiang's tripterygium hypoglaucum (Lévl.) hutch treat rheumatoid arthritis is better than sulfasalazine, so theyaregenuine regional drug in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Additional research will analyze associations between tripterygium hypoglaucum (Lévl.) hutch and rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective To observe the effect ofTripterygium Wilfordii Hook. F. andTripterygium Hypoglaucum (Lévl.) Hutch on macrophage inflammatory factor, and to provide the oretical basis and experimental basis for the clinical application of these drugs.Methods Two batches ofTripterygium Wilfordii Hook. F. andTripterygium Hypoglaucum (Lévl.) Hutch were collected, and then the samples turned into alcohol extract by extraction and isolation. The IC50values of alcohol extracts were measured by MTT in BMDM cell. BMDM cell induced by the 4 batches of samples with IC50, then IL-6, IL-10, iNOS were detected by Elisa. Results The content of IL-6 (5.08 ± 0.96 pg/ml, 6.24 ± 0.20 pg/mlvs. 7.92 ± 0.84 pg/ml) and iNOS (0.14 ± 0.04 ng/ml, 0.36 ± 0.11 ng/mlvs. 0.86 ± 0.13 ng/ml) in Anhui and Guizhou groups were significantly lower than sulfasalazine (P<0.05), and the content of IL-10 (21.20 ± 4.24 pg/ml, 26.49 ± 4.44 pg/mlvs. 9.06 ± 0.40 pg/ml) in Anhui and Guizhou groups were significantly higher than sulfasalazine (P<0.05). The content of IL-6 (4.22 ± 0.38 pg/ml, 4.55 ± 0.44 pg/mlvs. 7.92 ± 0.84 pg/ml) and iNOS (0.07 ± 0.04 ng/ml, 0.28 ± 0.10 ng/mlvs. 0.86 ± 0.13 ng/ml) in Hunan and Zhejiang groups were significantly lower than sulfasalazine (P<0.05) .Conclusion The anti-inflammatory effect ofTripterygium WilfordiiHook. F. treat rheumatoid arthritis is better than sulfasalazine andTripterygium Hypoglaucum (Lévl.) Hutch.

Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) can lead to drug-drug interactions, resulting in serious adverse reactions.It is therefore crucial to accurately predict the inhibitory power of a given compound against a particular CYP isoform.This study compared 11 machine learning methods and 2 deep learning models based on different molecular representations.The experimental results showed that the CatBoost machine learning model based on RDKit_2d+Morgan outperformed other models in terms of accuracy and Mathews coefficient, and even outperformed previously published models.Moreover, the experimental results also showed that the CatBoost model not only had superior performance, but also consumed less computational resources.Finally, this study combined the top 3 performing models as co_model, which slightly outperformed the CatBoost model alone in terms of performance.

Objective:To improve the users’ comfort of steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) through high-frequency stimulation and overcome the problem of accuracy decline caused by high frequency by combining dual-frequency encoding.Methods:Two dual-frequency high-frequency 60-instruction paradigms based on left and right visual fields and checkerboard stimuli were designed based on the 25.5 - 39.6 Hz frequency. Thirteen subjects participated in the experiment, and spectrum and spatial characteristics analyses were performed on SSVEP signals. The filter bank parameters were optimized based on the spectrum characteristics. Extended canonical correlation analysis (eCCA), ensemble task-related component analysis (eTRCA), and task-discriminant component analysis (TDCA) were used for SSVEP recognition.Results:Stable SSVEP was successfully induced in both the left and right visual fields and the checkerboard grid paradigm. The left and right visual fields had high signal-to-noise ratios for the fundamental frequency and its harmonics and weak signal-to-noise ratios for intermodulation components, whereas the intermodulation components of the 2 stimulus frequencies of the checkerboard grid, f1 + f2, had significantly higher signal-to-noise ratios than the second harmonic components above 30 Hz, and there was also a f2 ? f1 component and a 2 f1 ? f2 component. Combined with brain topography, it can be seen that the f1 and f2 response components of the left and right visual fields are located on opposite sides of the visual field, while the checkerboard grids are both concentrated in the center of the occipital region. Regarding the lateralization of brain topography amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio, the mean values of the PO3 and PO4 signal-to-noise ratios at the stimulation frequency of the left and right visual fields are consistent with the contralateral response characteristics. The 5 fb ? 1 method is the optimal filter set setting method, and the recognition correctness rate of TDCA for the left and right visual fields is the highest. However, the comparison of the recognition correctness rate of tessellated lattice eTRCA and TDCA is not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). The information transmission rates of the three algorithms all increase and then decrease with the increase in data length. Conclusions:The designed dual-frequency, high-frequency SSVEP-BCI paradigm is able to better balance performance and comfort and provides a basis for practical large instruction set BCI design methods.

Objective To Pulse oximetry saturation has been wildly used clinically.It has been reported that pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform (POP) reflected the peripheral tissue perfusion.In this study,we parameterized POP,observed the value of POP parameters in normal adults,and established the normal reference value range.Methods A multi-center prospective descriptive study.Total of 1 019 adult volunteers with normovolemia from 7 cities were enrolled in this study.Sex,age,height,weight and pulse oximetry data in awake and spontaneous breathing under in quiet conditions in the room temperature were collected.POP parameters and perfusion index were analyzed using MATLAB 2012a software.The normal reference value ranges of POP parameters,including the amplitude of POP (Amp) and the area under the curve of POP (AUC),were formulated.Results Statistical differences of POP parameters were detected between men and women in the normal adult.The 95％ confidence reference value of POP parameters in normal population was as follows:Amp (104.8-2298.7) PVA and AUC (3265.8-6028.5) PVPGin total,Amp (129.4-2433.6) PVA and AUC (3319.0-5862.2) PVPG in male;Amp (89.5-2138.2) PVA and AUC (3163.9-5929.9) PVPG in female.Conclusions POP,including the amplitude of POP (Amp) and the area under the curve of POP (AUC),had normal reference value ranges in normal adults.

ObjectiveTo establish a model of inflammasome activation induced by psoralidin based on bone marrow-derived macrophages （BMDM） in mice， and to explore the immunomodulatory effects of psoralidin combined with echinatin. MethodLipopolysaccharide （LPS） and psoralidin were used to activate inflammasomes， and after 4 h LPS stimulation， echinatin （40 μmol·L^-1） was administered for pre-protection for 1 h， followed by stimulation with psoralidin （10， 20， 40 μmol·L^-1） for 4 h. The protein expression of Caspase-1 p20 in cell supernatant and precursor （pro）-Caspase-1 and pro-interleukin（IL）-1β in cell lysate were simultaneously detected by Western blot. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was adopted to determine the content of IL-β and TNF-α in the supernatant of BMDM. ResultWestern blot revealed that compared with the conditions in the control group， the maturation of psoralidin-induced pro-Caspase-1 and the secretion of IL-1β was inhibited by echinatin （P<0.05，P<0.01）. ELISA showed that the production of IL-1β and TNF-α was enhanced by psoralidin of different concentrations （P<0.05，P<0.01） compared with the condition in the control group. In addition， compared with the psoralidin group， the psoralidin combined with echinatin group reduced the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α （P<0.01）. ConclusionEchinatin could significantly inhibited the excessive immune-inflammatory response mediated by psoralidin， and thus achieve the effect of toxicity reduction. The present study explored the toxicity-reducing effect of psoralidin combined with echiantin， providing a basis for safe clinical application.