BACKGROUND:It has been confirmed that carboxymethylated chitosan has an promoting effect on Schwann cel proliferation and secretion, but its impact on the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated protein kinase A signaling pathway in schwann cel stil needs further study. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of carboxymethylated chitosan on cyclic adenosine monophosphate/ protein kinase A signaling pathway in rat schwann cels. METHODS:The Schwann cels of the second generation neonatal rats were obtained and seeded in 6-wel plate at a concentration of 1×109/L. These Schwann cels were cultured and divided into four groups. The Schwann cels in the control group were cultured by adding PBS. The Schwann cels in the experimental groups were cultured by adding 50, 100 and 200 mg/L of carboxymethyl chitosan solution, respectively. After 24 hours, the concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, protein kinase A activity and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein mRNA expression were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, carboxymethyl chitosan increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentrations, the activity of protein kinase A and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein mRNA expression within the Schwann cels in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that carboxymethyl chitosan can increase the concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate within the Schwann cels and promote protein kinase A activity, thereby activating cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A signaling pathway.

Objective To explore multi-causes and therapy of massive hemothorax after thoracic operation.Methods Sixty-six patients suffered from massive hemothorax after thoracic operation.All of them were executed conservative treatments for postoperative hemothorax.The noneffeetive cases were executed re-exploration.The relationship of area of residual cavity,fluctuation of intrapleural pressure and volume of hemothorax were analyzed between lobectomy in 30 eases and wedge,segmental or no excision of lung in 24 cases in 24 h postoperation.Results Thirty-two of 66 cases being executed conservative treatments were suteessful,2 cases were dead,while 32 cases were executed re-exploration,and 29 of them were cured.but 1 case of them dead,and 2 cases suffered from bronchial fistula,who were cured by thoracoplasty.The operations of wedge,segmental or no excision of lung in 24 cases were compared with lobectomy in 30 cases.It Was proved that the former had the smaller area of residual cavity,the lower intrapleural pressure.and the less volume of hemothorax(P＜0.05).Conclusions The multiplicity analysis of massive hemothorax after thoracic operation are flucmafion of intrapleural pressure after operation,intracavitary suction with negative pressure,rise of pressure in microcirculation at wound,abnormality of blood coagulation function and so on.It can reduce complications that proper therapy is timely performed,and even avoid of re-exploration.

Objective To evaluate the value of endorectal coil(E-coil) in the diagnosis of prostate diseases.Methods The comparative study was done with E-coil and body coil in 15 patients including 9 cases of prostate carcinoma,4 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia and 2 normal individuals.The conventional spin-echo sequence(SE T 1WI,FSE T 2WI)were done in all cases.The axial images obtained with two types were compared according to the subjective viewing and scoring.Results Overall imaging quality on E-coil was significantly superior to that on body coil.The average scores were 2.97?0.61 points with body coil vs 3.4?0.60 points with E-coil on T 2WI (?

Objective:To analyze one case of diabetes allergic to insulin preparations and investigate the role of clinical pharmacist in the treatment. Methods:Different insulin preparations were tried out after the patient was allergic to one kind of insulin preparation. However, the allergic symptoms were not improved significantly. Clinical pharmacist recommended to use glargine combined with oral hypoglycemic drugs instead of insulin containing protamine for the patient. Results:The allergic symptoms of the patient were improved significantly after the drug adjustment in the hypoglycemic program by clinical pharmacist. The blood glucose was controlled and aller-gic symptoms didn't show again during the hospitalization. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacist can participate in the treatment of diabetes allergic to insulin preparations through identifying allergens accurately and improving individual hypoglycemic program using pharmaco-logical knowledge. It is important to improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment, and ensure and promote the safety of medical treat-ment and drug use.

Objective To investigate the effects of angle and length of lightwand in three-dimensional reconstruction images of the upper airway based on computed tomography.Methods A total of 245 patients,aged 18-86 years,were scanned by helical computed tomography in the head and neck.Reconstructed images,obtained by Aw4.4 Workstation,were printed out by the ratio of 1 ∶ 1.The tracheal tube was used to investigate the anatomic structure of the upper airway.The length L and angle α of the tracheal tube were recorded.And two distances (D1,D2) and one angle (β) were recorded:D1,the distance between the upper central incisor and root of epiglottis;D2,the distance between the root of epiglottis and midpoint of glottis;angle β,the angle of line D1 and D2.Results The oα value in male patients was significant higher than that in female patients:(70.02 ± 15.49)° vs.(55.84 ± 14.70)°.The β value in male patients was significant higher than that in female patients:(129.74 ± 14.82)° vs.(120.40 ± 14.19)°.The L value in male patients was significant higher than that in female patients:(12.80 ± 0.85) cm vs.(11.50 ± 0.65) cm.The D1 and D2value in male patients were significant higher than those in female patients:(7.53 ± 0.66) cm vs.(6.76 ± 0.53) cm,(3.13 ± 0.52) cm vs.(2.45 ± 0.32) cm.There were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).The 245 patients were classified to 2 groups by using the function of hierarchical cluster analysis in the statistical software.The α value in group 2 was significant higher than that in group 1:(75.45 ± 9.53)° vs.(48.17 ± 9.29)°.The 3 value in group 2 was significant higher than that in group 1:(136.27 ± 9.86)° vs.(112.31 ± 8.64)°.The age in group 2 was significant higher than that in group 1:(53.92 ± 19.64) years vs.(36.93 ± 17.21) years.Correlation analysis showed that in 245 patients,angle α was positively correlated to angle β and age (P ＜ 0.05),and angle β was positively correlated to age (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The bent length and angle on lightwand can be affected by both the patients' gender and ages.

AIM:To evaluate the protective effect of hypothermic ventricular fibrillation without aortic-cross clamping under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)on canine lung.METHODS:Fourteen dogs were randomly divided into two groups.All dogs received a standardized anesthetic technique.A conditional CPB was performed in every instance.Ventricular fibrillation was induced by systemic hypothermia to 28 ℃ and pericardial cooling saline in the experimental group.A standard CPB was performed in control group.The concentration of IL-8 in serum was measured by ELISA.The expressions of NF-?B and ICAM-1 were determined by using immunohistochemical staining.RESULTS:Serum IL-8 level in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group(P

Objective To explore the value of real-time tissue elastography (RTE) with tissue dispersion quantitative analysis technique for assessment of liver fibrosis stage.Methods 51 rats were injected 6％ thioacetamide to induce liver fibrosis model,and 9 rats were injected saline as control group.In modeling 4 weeks,8 weeks,12 weeks respectively,14 rats in group of liver fibrosis model and 3 rats in control group were randomly selected to RTE.All the rats underwent tissue dispersion quantitative analysis,to obtain 12 quantitative parameters of elasticity,which included average relative strain value (MEAN),standard deviation of relative strain value (SD),area ratio of low-strain region (％ AREA),complexity (COMP),kurtosis (KURT),skewness (SKEW),contrast (CONT),entropy (ENT),inverse difference moment (IDM),angular second moment (ASM),correlation (CORR) and liver elasticity index (LF index).Subsequently,rats were sacrificed and their livers were taken for pathology analysis.Liver fibrosis model group was divided into S0,S1,S2,S3,S4 group.The 12 quantitative parameters of elasticity were compared with each group.Results 49 rats were successfully modeled,and 42 rats were analyzed.Except COMP,KURT,CORR,the other quantitative parameters had statistically differences (P ＜ 0.05).The other 9 parameters were correlated with liver fibrosis stage.Among these parameters,MEAN,％ AREA and LF index had higher related coefficient(r =-0.831,0.882,0.866).The ROC curve was made by MEAN,LF index and ％AREA to estimate the fibrosis stage,when S≥S1,S≥S2,S≥S3,S =S4,the areas under the ROCcurve were 0.884,0.925,0.934,0.962 (MEAN);0.917,0.958,0.984,0.962 (％AREA);0.917,0.948,0.966,0.967 (LF index),respectively.Conclusions As a non-invasive examination,RTE dispersion quantitative analysis technology can be used to quantitatively assess liver fibrosis.

Objective The study was to investigate the feasibility of using an intravascular Loopless Monopole Antenna (ILMA) for 3.0 T MR imaging of water bath and deep-seated arterial walls of experimental animal.Methods A novel intravascular loopless monopole antenna (ILMA) was developed,including a non-shield loach guide-wire and a matching circuit.The non-shield loach guide-wire is used as a receive antenna,with the diameter of 0.019 in( 1 in =2.54 cm) and length of 23.11 in.During the MR scanning,the ILMA was used as a receive-only probe,while body coil was used to transmit the RF pulses.Utilizing the coil in water bath and in-vivo animal experiment,we measured signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR) of artery wall using the same scanning parameter compared with phased-array coil.Results In the study,the developed novel ILMA conduced to improved SNR of imaging and much higher space resolution( 313 μm).First,the feasibility of acquiring the wall images was demonstrated on phantoms.The SNRs map generated by the matlab software showed that in comparison with the phased-array coil,ILMA generated higher SNR of the phantom wall when using the same sequences,parameters,and slices (86.8 ±0.8 vs.9.9 ±0.1,P ＜0.01 ).When imaging the aorta wall with the ILMA and phased-array coil,the SNRs of the arterial wall with the ILMA is 60.4 ±20.9,61.3 ±22.5,59.8 ±20.4,32.3 ±22.6 (T1WI),51.2 ±21.6,49.8 ± 15.5,50.4 ± 17.2,22.4 ± 18.3 (T2WI),the CNRs of the aorta wall with theILMA is 19.8±8.1,18.9±9.2,19.6±11.8,20.7 ± 13.3(T1WI),17.7±6.4,18.6±6.9,17.2 ± 6.4,17.2 ± 6.4 ( T2 WI),compared with phased-array coil,t values SNR:6.36,3.84,3.51,6.92(T1 WI),3.47,4.89,6.35,4.21 (T2WI),CNR:3.56,3.97,-0.71,4.74 (T1WI),3.99,3.01,4.27,5.03(T2 WI,P ＜ 0.05 ),respectively.Conclusion The study demonstrates the capability of using an MR ILMA to generate 3.0 T MR in-vivo experiments,the developed novel ILMA conduces to increased SNR compared with the conventional phased-array coil.

Objective To evaluate the effects of nail polish on measurement of pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) by different brands of monitors in healthy volunteers.Methods Twenty healthy female volunteers were enrolled in the study.Nine fingers of each volunteer were chosen randomly,8 nails were painted 8 different colors (transparent color,red,yellow,green,blue,purple,black,white),respectively,and the left 1 nail served as blank control.SpO2 and pulse rate (PR) were measured using TuffSat Handheld Oximeter (GE) and MP70 (Philip) and PM-9800 (Mindray) monitors.SpO2 of the 9 nails monitored and the response time for SpO2 and PR were recorded.Results (1) Compared with blank control,when MP70 monitor was used,no significant change was found in each color-induced effect on the value of SpO2 obtained (P ＞ 0.05),and blue prolonged the response time for PR and SpO2 (P ＜ 0.05) ;When PM-9800 monitor was used,black could decrease the value of SpO2 measured (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in each color-induced effect on the response time for SpO2 and PR (P ＞ 0.05) ; when TuffSat Handheld Oximeter was used,green and blue could decrease the value of SpO2 monitored,and the value of SpO2 obtained was significantly lower when blue was used (P ＜ 0.05).Black,blue,purple and white could sequentially prolong the response time for PR (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in each color-induced effect on the response time for SpO2 (P ＞ 0.05).(2) For green and blue nail polish,the value of SpO2 measured with TuffSat Handheld Oximeter was significantly lower than that measured with MP70 and PM-9800 monitors(P ＜ 0.05) ; for red,yellow and green nail polish,the response time for PR obtained with TuffSat Handheld Oximeter was significantly shorter than that obtained with MP70 and PM-9800 monitors (P ＜0.05) ; for blank control group and 8 colors of nail polish,the response time for SpO2 measured with TuffSat Handheld Oximeter was significantly shorter than that measured with MP70 and PM-9800 monitors (P ＜ 0.05).For black nail polish,the value of SpO2 measured with PM-9800 monitors was significantly lower than that measured with MP70 and TuffSat Handheld Oximeter(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The ability for nail polish recognition and identification is different for each monitor and the color of nail polish can exert obvious effect on the value and response time for SpO2 obtained.The results of this study shows that blue nail polish-induced effect on the value of SpO2 obtained with TuffSat Handheld Oximeter is obvious,and MP70 monitor is the most stable instrument and TuffSat Handheld Oximeter is the most sensitive instrument in obtaining the value of SpO2.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of the posterior C2 pedicle screw placement (C2 PSP) by MPR techniques of helical CT.Methods Totally 250 patients (500 sides) who underwent head and neck CTA examination were enrolled.The bony parameters and the arterial parameters were measured after MPR.The bony parameters included pedicle diameter (D),isthmus height (T),internal height (H),and the arterial parameters included medial shifting:lateral (L),neutral (N),medial (M);and the degree of riding included below (b),within (w),above (a).The prevalence of narrow pedicles,high-riding vertebral arteries (HRVA) and the subtypes of IAVA in the general population were calculated,and the statistical analysis between narrow pedicles,HRVA,IAVA and C2 vertebral arteries groove (C2 VAG) injury were performed.Results The rate of narrow pedicles and HRVA were 14.40％ (72/500) and 24.60％ (123/500;x2=141.984,P＜0.001).When it came to the simulation of the C2 PSP inserting,the incidence of C2 VAG injuries was 19.40％ (97/500).In narrow pedicle and HRVA patients,the C2 VAG injuries incidence were higher than that of without narrow pedicle and HRVA patients (both P＜0.001).In 58 sides (58/500,11.60 ％),the narrow pedicles and HRVA occurred simultaneously.There were statistical significance differences of narrow pedicles and HRVA and the C2 VAG injuries in different types of IAVA (all P＜0.001),the subtypes of IAVA M-a consisted most common,which account for 55.56％ (40/72),46.34％ (57/123) and 48.45％ (47/97),respectively.Conclusion Most of the C2 VAG injuries happened in narrow pedicles,HRVA or IAVA M-a type patients.MPR can be used to comprehensively evaluate osseous and arterial parameters,which will provide anatomy foundation to the screw placement of C2 pedicles.