Objective To explore the diagnosis criterion of acute and chronic radiation oral mucositis induced by ionazition correctly. Methods 40 patients who were given radiotherapy because of head-neck cancer and 40 patients who were irradiated in the whole body for hematogenic stem cell transplant pretreatment were observed and analyzed. They were diagnosed by symptom and sign. Results 28 patients who were given radiotherapy were found acute oral mucous membrane change when cumulate radiation dose attained 30 Gy. The incidence of acute radiation oral mucositis was 70 percent. 20 TBI patients were found oral ulcer in 7 to 8 Gy radiation dose. The incidence of oral ulce was 50 percent. Conclusion The advance limit of irradiated dose for acute and chronic radiation oral mucositis are 20～30 Gy and 50～60 Gy.

Objective To investigate the effect of nerve growth factor on the levels of serum S100 protein and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with acute brain injury.Methods 70 cases with acute craniocerebral injury from March 2013 to May 2015 in department of cerebral surgery of Tianjin port hospital were selected and divided into two groups according to random number method.The control group (35 cases) received conventional symptomatic treatment, the study group (35 cases) received conventional treatment on the basis of mouse nerve growth factor for injection, with a consecutive treatment of two weeks.On admission, one and two weeks after admission, the Glasgow coma scale ( GCS) score was recorded, serum S100 beta protein and IL-6 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) and the clinical curative effect of cerebral edema eliminate was compared.Results After two weeks’ treatment, the total efficacy in control group was lower than that in study group (77.14% vs.94.29%) ( P<0.05).The GCS score of two weeks after admission in study group was lower than that in control group, serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), myelin basic protein ( MBP) , S100βprotein and IL-6 of one and two weeks after admission in study group were lower than those in control group ( P<0.05).Conclusion The nerve growth factor could decrease the levels of serum S100βand IL-6 and alleviate inflammation in patients with acute craniocerebral injury and the effect is obvious.

Objective To evaluate the clinical features and early management of combined thoracoabdominal injury (CTI).Methods A retrospective study was carried out in 29 cases with CTI treated surgically.There were 21 cases with penetrating injuries and 8 cases with blunt injuries.All cases were associated with penumothorax and/or hernothorax at various degrees and 13 cases complicated with shock.In this study thoracotomy was performed in 17 cases,laparotomy in 6 cases,thoracotomy plus laparotomy in 5 cases and combined thoraco-laparotomy in 1 case.Results The injury severity score in this series was (40.16±15.23) scores.Four cases were died from hemorrhagic shock (2 cases),pericardial tampenade(1 case) and multiple organ failure(1 case).Conclusions CTI has high mortality rate,and the most frequent cause of death is hypovolemic shock.The operative approach is based on individual injury condition.Early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention are key to improving the cure rate and reducing mortality in severe CTI.

Objective:To analyze the learning effect of laparoscopic radical cystectomy(LRC)+ modified ileal conduit(MIC).Methods:From 2014 to 2019, 42 patients underwent MIC and their clinical data was retrospectively analyzed. 34 operations were performed by surgeon 1 and 8 operations by surgeon 2. We divided the 34 patients of surgeon 1 into three groups according to their surgical sequence (group A, 1st to 12th; group B, 13th to 23th; group C, 24 th to 34 th), the 8 cases of surgeon 2 was regarded as group D. The history of abdomen surgery in the 4 groups were 0, 1, 4, 3 cases, respectively ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference of the other baseline characteristics, such as age, BMI, American Society of Anesthesiologists. Then we compared several variables between the 4 groups like operation time, time of ileal conduit construction, blood loss, complication rate, lymph node yield, surgical margin, etc. The key steps of the MIC included isolating terminal ileum when the mesentery was transilluminated, performing end-to-end reflux ureterointestinal anastomosis after the efferent loop was fixed, closing the rent of the retroperitoneum. Results:All operations were performed intracorporeally with no transition to open surgery. The operative time for group A, B, C were 330.0(320.0, 360.0)min, 300.0(250.0, 308.0)min, 270.0(216.0, 324.0)min, respectively ( P =0.010). The time of ileal conduit construction of the 3 groups were 136.5(131.3, 147.5)min, 92.0(79.0, 119.0)min, 79.0(72.0, 115.0)min, respectively ( P <0.001). In addition, the difference of the two variables above between A and B, A and C groups separately reached statistical significance ( P<0.05), while the difference between B and C groups did not ( P>0.05). Other variables, such as blood loss, complication rate, lymph node yield, surgical margin, between the 3 groups reached no statistical significance ( P>0.05). The operative time of group D was 420.0(350.0, 450.0)min, and it reached statistical significance ( P<0.05) when compared with group A. There were no significant differences in other variables, such as blood loss, complication rate, lymph node yield, surgical margin, among the 2 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The learning effect of LRC+ MIC was obvious. When surgeon volume increased, the operative time decreased significantly. Variables like estimated blood loss and complication rate of the 2 surgeons did not reached significant difference, which indicated reproductivity and safety of this procedure.

Objective: To survey the prevalence of drug resistant HIV-1 in Shandong province in 2013-2015. Methods: WHO truncated sequential sampling technique was adopted by using 77 and 53 samples of newly diagnosed as HIV-1 positive and aged 16-25 years in Shandong province in 2013 and 2015. RNA was prepared and HIV-1 pol region was amplified by RT-PCR and nested PCR. Pol genetic mutation associated with drug resistance was analyzed. Results: The success rates for sequence acquisition of the survey were 100% (77/77) and 94% (50/53) in 2013 and 2015, and the main subtype was CRF01_AE. A total of 2 surveillance drug-resistance mutation(SDRMs) and 3 SDRMs were found by analyzing the 47 sequences each year, sampled in 2013 and 2015, indicating that the prevalence of drug resistant HIV-1 stains was low in 2013, and moderate in 2015. A total of 5 individuals with drug resistant HIV-1 stains found in this study were mainly infected by homosexual transmission (3 cases), and the other two samples were different: one was infected by heterosexual transmission, the other was infected by IDU. The subtype was CRF01_AE (2 cases) , CRF07_BC (2 cases) and B (1 case) . SDRMs for protease inhibitor (PIs), nucleotide HIV-reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTIs) and non-NRTI (NNRTIs) were all found in the individuals with drug resistant HIV-1 stains. Conclusion CRF01_AE were the main HIV-1 subtypes of recently reported HIV-infected individuals in Shandong province, and the HIV-1 drug resistant strains transmission was catalogued as at low and moderate prevalence level in 2013 and 2015.

OBJECTIVETo study the population genetic variation, genetic diversity and phylogenesis of Anopheles sinensis in China.

METHODSAnopheles sinensis samples collected from Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Guizhou, and Yunnan Provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region with different geographical conditions between 2010 and 2012 were analyzed by mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtDNA-COI) gene amplification and sequencing. Bioedit 7.0 and DnaSP 5.0 software was used to compare the gene sequences and analyze the population genetic structure, respectively. Arlequin 3.1 was used to calculate the genetic distance and parameters of population differentiation. The relationship between the geographic and genetic distances was analyzed using IBD Web Service. PHYLIP 3.6 was used to construct the phylogenetic tree.

RESULTSPCR amplification and sequencing was performed successfully for 6 Anopheles sinensis populations containing 123 female mosquitoes. The length of mtDNA-COI gene fragment was 841 bp with an average A+T content of 71.2% and G+C content of 28.8%. High nucleotide diversity and genetic differentiation were observed among the Anopheles sinensis populations based on mtDNA-COI gene. Analysis of the molecular variance revealed a greater variation between populations than that within populations with isolation by distance between the populations. The Anopheles sinensis populations appeared to have undergone expansion, but the Yunnan population constituted an isolated branch in the phylogenetic tree.

CONCLUSIONmtDNA-COI can serve as the molecular marker to analyze population genetic variation and phylogenesis of Anopheles sinensis. The Yunnan population shows a phylogenetic difference from the other populations analyzed in this study.

Animals ; Anopheles ; genetics ; China ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Electron Transport Complex IV ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Phylogeny

Objective To investigate the genotype of M.tuberculosis in He'nan Province.Methods A total of 668 M.tuberculosis clinical strains collected in difference regions of He'nan Province during 2015 were genotyped by two standard methods,including classical 24-locus mycobacterium interspersed repetitive unit variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing and spoligotyping.Results The 668 isolates were divided into 11 clusters and 35 patterns by spoligotyping.Among the 558 Beijing strains,546 were typical Beijing strains and the other 12 were atypical Beijing strains.Among the 110 non-Beijing strains,eight were new strains and the remaining 102 non-Beijing strains were divided into 10 families.There were 76 isolates belonging to T family,including 59 of T1 families,7 of T2 families,and 10 of T3 families.The 668 strains were divided into 550 gene patterns by standard 24-locus VNTR,including 508 un-clustered patterns and 160 clustered into 42 clusters.The largest cluster contained 21 strains,the other clusters contained 2-20 strains.Conclusion Beijing strain is still the most prevalent M.tuberculosis in He'nan Province.

Osteoporosis is characterized by decreased bone strength and increased fracture risk. The most serious consequence of osteoporosis is fracture, which commonly occurs in vertebrae. Accurate assessment of fracture risk at an earlier stage is the key to identify high-risk population and further prevent osteoporotic fracture. Currently, clinical assessment of vertebral fracture risk mainly relies on measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) based on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DXA) or quantitative computed tomography ( QCT). However, they cannot fully reflect bone strength and resistance to fracture, and it is hard to achieve an accurate assessment. Biomechanical CT (BCT) technology, based on CT digital modeling and finite element analysis, aims at non-invasive calculation of individual bone strength, bridging the gap between biomechanics and clinical evaluation of fracture risk. In vitro mechanical experiment of vertebrae has proved that BCT is more accurate than BMD in evaluating vertebral fracture strength. Clinical studies have also shown that BCT is superior to DXA inidentifying existing fractures and predicting new fractures. In this article, the implementation process of the BCT technology was introduced, as well as critical parameters during each step affecting its result . The research progress of the BCT technique for in vitro validation and in vivo assessment of vertebral fracture risk was also summarized, with the aim to promote the application of BCT technology in clinical assessment of vertebral fracture risk for the Chinese people.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of nutrition combined with exercise intervention on stroke patients with sarcopenia. MethodsFrom January to June, 2022, 60 stroke patients with sarcopenia were randomly divided into control group (n = 15), nutrition group (n = 15), exercise group (n = 15) and combined group (n = 15). All the groups received routine rehabilitation training, while the nutrition group received nutrition intervention, the exercise group received exercise intervention, and the combined group received both the nutrition and exercise intervention, for four weeks. Before and after intervention, the muscle index was measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis, gripping strength of the healthy and the affected side was measured with gripping strength meter, and the patients were assessed with modified Barthel Index (MBI) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). ResultsFour cases in the control group, two in the nutrition group, one in the exercise group, and three in the combined group dropped down. The muscle index, gripping strength, and the scores of MBI and BBS improved in all the groups after intervention (|t| > 3.004, P < 0.05), while all improved more in the combined group than in the other three groups (P < 0.05), and the grip strength of the healthy side was more in the exercise group than in the nutrition group (P < 0.05). ConclusionNutrition or exercise intervention alone can improve the muscle quality, grip strength, activities of daily living and balance of stroke patients with sarcopenia, while the combination is more effective.

Objective: Using ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) and microPET-CT to test the feasibility of ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT for validation of olfactory function of rats with standard phenethyl alcohol (PEA) and isovaleric acid (IVA) odors stimulation. To verify the possibility of ¹⁸F-FDG PET-CT as a new objective examination method for olfactory function. Methods: Six healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were selected with a weight of 250-300 g. First of all, buried food pellet test (BFT) was used to confirm the normal olfactory function of rats. Then in the next 3 days, after the intravenous injection of ¹⁸F-FDG (18 MBq/100 g), awaken rats were placed in a ventilated plexiglas cage for 30 min. Subsequently, pure air (the first day), PEA (the second day) and IVA (the third day) were delivered. After odor stimulation for 30 min, rats were performed by a static PET-CT under anesthesia. Images reconstructed were assessed by SPM method and analyzed by VBM method. Data was analysied by paired t test. Results: Activation regions of rat′s brain after PEA stimulation included bed nucleus and insula. Activation regions of rat′s brain after IVA stimulation included olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, olfactory cortex, piriform cortex, insula, prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex and bed nucleus (P<0.005, Ke>20 voxels). Conclusions Through microPET-CT, we can observe that olfactory stimulation with different odors can induce metabolic activation in different regions of rat′s brain, which was in concordance with olfactory regions. The olfactory related brain regions of rats have strong responses to odor stimulation of IVA.