Objective To study the blood routine tests results change after therapy of chlorpromazine ,clozapine ,perphenazine changed to risperidone in schizophrenic patients .Methods 100 schizophrenic patients in the hospital from March 2014 to March 2015 for treatment were enrolled in the study ,who were treated with chlorpromazine ,clozapine or perphenazine respectively for one course ,and then the therapies were replace by risperdal .Results After treatment ,mean corpuscular volume was significantly grea‐ter ,the number of lymphocytes was significantly higher and intermediate cell number was significantly lower than that before treat‐ment ,the difference was statistically significant(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Leukocyte differentiation change and mean corpuscular vol‐ume increased obviously after therapy of chlorpromazine ,clozapine or perphenazine changed to risperidone in schizophrenic patients .

ObjectiveTo explore the surgical techniques, efficacy and the management of complicated ocular trauma with anterior-posterior segment complications such as cyclodialysis. Methods Fifty-five patients (55 eyes) with complicated ocular trauma were enrolled in this study. Among them, there were 35 cases with eyeball contusion and 20 cases of eyeball rupture. Preoperative visual acuity was from no light perception to 0. 15, intraocular pressure (IOP) ranged from one to 10 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0. 133 kPa).Cyclodialysis, vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment were revealed by B-ultrasound and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). Cyclodialysis clefts ranged from one to 12 clock-hours. All patients underwent 3-port pars plana vitrectomy with gas/silicone oil tamponade and ciliary body reattachment by cryotherapy (cyclodialysis clefts ≤ three clock-hours) or suture fixation ( cyclodialysis clefts ＞ three clock-hours).Healing after surgical trauma, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, intraocular hemorrhage, ciliary body and retinal reattachment were followed up. Results In one month after surgery, UBM showed 54 patients out of 55 patients had good ciliary body reattachment. Gonioscopy revealed cyclodialysis still existed in one patient, and this was cured by a second surgical suture fixation. In three months after surgery, ocular trauma healed in all 55 patients, the visual acuity ranged from no light perception to 0. 15, with a best corrected visual acuity of 0.8. The ciliary body and retina had good reattachment. IOP of 52 patients was normal; IOP of three patients was still lower than 10 mm Hg. Three patients had secondary glaucoma which was treated by glaucoma surgery. Conclusions Complicated ocular trauma with cyclodialysis can be treated with vitrectomy and cryotherapy or transscleral sutures. The procedure is safe and effective.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Methods The clinical manifestations and the findings of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) of 7 eyes in 6 patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy were analyzed retrospectively. Results The ophthalmoscopic examination of PCV in this series of patients revealed orange-red lesions mainly in macular region in early stage, and then hemorrhage, exudation, edema, serous and (or) hemorrhagic detachment of retinal pigment epithelium in affected portions in advanced stage, and retinal and choroidal atrophy in late stage. FFA discovered the vascular dilation at the border of the choroidal vascular network in 1 eye, dotted hyperfluorescence in 6 eyes, and patches of hyperfluorescence in late phase. ICGA disclosed a vascular branching network in choroid with polypoid pattern of the terminal path of the vessels of network in early phase in 5 eyes, and the typical dotted or clustered polypoidal hyperfluorescence in 7 eyes in late phase. Conclusion The characteristic findings of FFA and ICGA are very diagnostic for PCV.

Objective To investigate the effect of pathoglycemia on the tumor biomarker expression in pancreatic tumor and assess its influence on the diagnostic value of these biomarkers.Methods We recruited 59 patients with malignant pancreatic tumor in total into this study,including 46 cases with pancreatic carcinoma and 13 cases with other pancreatic malignancies.Twenty-seven patients with benign pancreatic diseases were selected as control.All subjects were extracted venous blood and serum samples were separated by centrifugation.Serum levels of CA199,CA125 and CEA were measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay(CMIA).The positive expression criteria were designated as ＞37 kU/L for CA199;＞35 kU/L for CA125;＞10 μg/L for CEA.Results (1) CA199 showed the highest diagnostic accuracy when the tumor biomarker was used alone.CA199 plus CEA showed the highest diagnostic accuracy when the biomarkers were used pairwisely,even better than three biomarkers used in combination(x2=26.131,P＜0.05).(2)The average rank of all tumor biomarkers were higher in all malignant pancreatic tumor than benign pancreatic diseases,and some of the differences reached statistically significance(CA199,Z=4.682,P=0.000;CA125,Z=1.866,P=0.062;CEA,Z=2.573,P=0.010).(3)When the malignant pancreatic tumor group were further divided into two groups according to their blood sugar level,we found that CA199 were significantly higher in pathoglycemia group than euglycemia group(Z=2.265,P=0.024),while no significant differences were observed in patients with benign pancreatic diseases when compared between patients with different blood sugar levels(Z=4.214,3.224,3.154,Ps＞0.05).Conclusion The combination use of three tumor biomarkers showed no improvements in the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasm,but with disadvantage of elevated medical expense.CA199 showed the highest diagnostic accuracy when used alone.CA199 plus CEA showed the highest diagnostic accuracy when the biomarkers were used pairwisely.The blood sugar level should be considered when using CA199 in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasm from benign pancreatic lesions;a new set-point of CA199 should be set by studying the ROC curve and other statistic index to improve the overall accuracy.

Background Heparanase degrade heparan sulfate side chains of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix.Heparanase induces angiogenesis and likely promotes the vascularization of tumor.ObjectiveThe present study is to investigate the expression of heparanase and perlecan in retinas with oxygen-induced retinopathy.Methods Sixty-five clean neonatal C57BL/6J mice were raised in a hyperbaric oxygen box with a volume percentage of 75%±2% for 5 days and then returned to the normal air room.Another 65 matched mice were raised in the normal environment as controls.Evans blue was infused by the superior vena cava in all the mice on postnatal days 12,13,17,21 and 30,afterwards fluorescein angiography was performed and then the mice were sacrificed.The retinas of mice were isolated and prepared and the retinal vessels were examined under a fluorescent microscope and optical microscope.Heranase and perlecan mRNA was detected using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR).Heranase and perlecan proteins were detected by Western blot.The analysis of variance was used to compare the mRNA and the protein levels of heranase and perlecan between the experimental and control groups.Results The expression of heparanase mRNA in the retinas of different ages of mice and the different groups showed significant differences (F_(group)=16.303,P=0.000;F_(time)=18.614,P=0.000;F_(interaction)=11.299,P=0.000),and the expression of heparanase mRNA was significantly enhanced in mice from postnatal days 12,13,17 and 21 compared with normal control mice (P=0.001,0.000,0.000,0.001,respectively).The expression of heparanase protein in the retinas of different ages of mice and the different groups followed the same tendency(F_(group)=458.134,P=0.000;F_(time)=78.466,P=0.000;F_(interaction)=71.398,P=0.000).The expression of perlecan mRNA in the retinas of different ages of mice and the different groups showed significant differences (F_(group)=7.351,P=0.013;F_(time)=9.098,P=0.000;F_(interaction)=3.349,P=0.000),and increase in differences also were clearly seen in mice from postnatal days 13,17 and 21 compared with normal control mice (P=0.048,0.000,0.003,respectively).Conclusion The expression of heparanase and perlecan is associated with the development and progression of retinal neovascularization,and perlecan and heparanase together produce a synergistic effect.Heparanase and perlecan may participate in the angiogenesis of oxygen-induced retinopathy.

Background Hypoxia is the main factor of retinal neovascularization and is closely associated with retinal ganglial cells (RGCs) degeneration.However, the study of retinal neural tissue lesions is rare.Objective This study was to investigate the influence of hypoxia environment on the expression of annexin A2 (ANXA2) in mouse RGC-5 cells and explore the mechanism of RGCs damage induced by hypoxia.Methods Immortalized mouse RGC-5 cells were cultured in high glucose DMEM with 10％ fetal bovine serum.The cells were identified by detecting the expression of Thy-1 ,a specific biomarker of RGCs.CoCl2 was added into the medium at the final concentrations of 50,100,200 and 300 μmol/L, and the cells without CoCl2 served as the control group.Cell viability (absorbance) was assayed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method in 12,24 and 48 hours after addition of CoCl2.The hypoxic cell models were established in DMEM with 100 μmol/L CoCl2 and divided into the hypoxic 3-hour group, hypoxic 6-hour group, hypoxic 12-hour group and hypoxic 24-hour group,with the normal cultured cells as the normal control group.Apoptotic cells were determined by using hoechst 33342 stain.The expression levels of ANXA2 mRNA and protein in the cells were detected by real-time quantification PCR and Western blot,respectively.The expression and location of ANXA2 in the cells were examined by using immunofluorescence technique.Results The cultured cells grew well and showed the fusiform and polygonal shape,with positive expression of Thy-1 protein.Compared with the normal control group, the viabilities of the cells were insignificantly changed in the 50 μ mol/L CoCl2 group and 100 μmol/L CoCl2 group (all at P＞0.05) ,but the cell viabilities were significantly reduced in the 200 μμmol/L CoCl2 group and 300 μmol/L CoCl2 group in various time points (all at P＜0.05).Hoechst 33342 staining showed that the apoptotic cells with nuclear condensation and high green fluorescence intensity were obtained in the hypoxia groups.The relative expression levels of ANXA2 mRNA were significantly lower in the hypoxic groups than those in the normal control group (all at P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression levels of ANXA2 protein were significantly lower in the hypoxia 3-,6-, 12-and 24-hour group than those in the normal control group (all at P＜ 0.05).Apoptotic cells were seen in the hypoxic 3-hour group, hypoxic 6-hour group, hypoxic 12-hour group and hypoxic 24-hour group compared with the normal control group, showing the bright blue fluorescence in cellular nucleus for hoechst 33342.The relative expressing levels of ANXA2 mRNA in the cells were 0.80±0.14,0.67±0.33, 0.49±0.17 and 0.39±0.02 in the hypoxic 3-hour group,hypoxic 6-hour group, hypoxic 12-hour group and hypoxic 24-hour group, which were significantly declined in comparison with the normal control group, with a statistically difference among the groups (F=434.354, P =0.000).The relative expression values of ANXA2 protein were 0.552 6±0.012 3,0.425 9± 0.033 4,0.344 9 ± 0.017 8 and 0.382 7 ± 0.022 1 in the hypoxic 3-hour group, hypoxic 6-hour group, hypoxic 12-hour group and hypoxic 24-hour group,which were remarkably lower than 0.602 1 ±0.001 4 in the normal control group, showing considerably difference among the groups (F =3.057, P =0.000).ANXA2 proteins were highly expressed in the cellular nucleus and less expressed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm in the normal cells.Compared with the normal control group, the ANXA2 protein showed weak expression in the hypoxia group and primarily in the cytoplasm.Conclusions The expression of ANXA2 down-regulates in hypoxic mouse RGC-5 cells,which may participate in the apoptosis process of RGCs in high glucose environment.

Objective To analyze the causes and pathogens of infectious endophthalmitis in ourhospital.Methods The clinical data and laboratory findings of 282 inpatients with infectiousendophthalmitis were retrospectively reviewed.There were 206 males(73.05%)and 76 females(26.95%)with a mean age of(36.0±11.2)years(range from 2 to 79 years).Except 14 patients who lost theireyeballs as of serious conditions.pathogen examinations of vitreous specimen had been performed for allremaining 268 cases.The clinieal and laboratory data were statistically analyzed by Chi-square and Kappaconsistency tests,when P<0.05 the difference should be considered as statistically significant.ResultsThe 4 major causes of infectious endophthalmitis of those 282 patients included ocular trauma(177cases,62.77%),infectious keratitis(61 cases,21.63%),eye surgery(32 cases,11.35%),andendogenous endophthalmitis(12 cases,4.25%).19.21% of the patients in ocular trauma group was 2-13years old,55.74% of the patients in infectious keratitis group was 14-50 years old,and 60.61% of thepatients in eye surgery group was 51-79 years old.The major pathogens were fungus and staphylococcieach accounted for 30.63% of all cases.Most of the pathogenic bacteria were sensitive to ciprofloxaein(81.81%)and gentamicin(77.92%).Conclusions The major reason of infectious endophthalmitis wasocular trauma,and the major pathogens were fungus and staphylococci.Those findings may help us totreat infectious endophthalmitis patients appropriately.

BACKGROUND: After acute spinal cord injury (SCI), edema of spinal cord is an important factor for inducing and deteriorating pathological changes of spinal cord tissue. After injury, noradrenaline (NE) instantly causes microvascular contraction, endothelial injury, increase of arterial permeability and participation in edema. Recently, many researches suggest that excitatory amino acids (EAA) are related to cellular edema.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect and mechanism of selective phenol aminergic neuron, 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHNA)and aspartic acid (ASP) on edema after acute SCI.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of Spine Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Animal Center of the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from March to September 2003. A total of 160 Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g of both genders were randomly divided into three groups: 6-OHNA group (n =60), MK-801 group (n =50) and control group (n =50).METHODS: Acute SCI was induced at the level of T13 vertebral body with the static lcad technique. Rats in 6-OHNA group were injected with 6-OHNA into subarachnoid space; rats in MK-801 group were injected with MK-801 into caudal vein; rats in control group did not receive any treatment. The extent of edema was compared in the three groups by means of neurological scoring, water content measurement, light microscopy and electron microscopy.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Neurological scores and water content.RESULTS: All 160 rats were involved in the final analysis. ① After SCl, content of NE in 6-OHNA group was decreased from (217.45±4.26) ng/g to (29.37±2.61) ng/g, and the difference was significant (P＜ 0.01). Edema in spinal cord tissue was effectively inhibited for 24 hours. At 12 hours after SCl, function recovered remarkably and vascular-derived edema was the mildest. ② In MK-801 group, there was no significant suppression of the edema until 24 hours after injury. Early recovery of neurological function was not significantly different from that in control group (P ＞ 0.05), but functional recovery was obvious until 24 hours after injury (P＜0.05). The degree of cytotoxic edema was the lightest.CONCLUSTON: NE can inhibit vascular-derived edema at early phase of SCI, and EAA can inhibit cytotoxic edemas,which develops at a relatively later stage.

Objective To elucidate the action of carbohydrates metabolism-associated genes on rat liver regeneration(LR). Methods We obtained the above genes through collecting website data and retrieving related articles,and detected their expression changes in rat LR with Rat Genome 230 2.0 array,then determined LR-associated genes by comparison of gene expression discrepancy between partial hepatectomy(PH) group and sham operation(SO) group. Results 118 carbohydrates metabolism genes were proved to be LR-associated.Number of the initial and total expressing genes occurring in forepart(0.5-4 hours after PH),prophase(6-12 hours after PH),metaphase(16-66 hours after PH) and anaphase(72-168 hours after PH),were 33,6,68,7 and 68,44,210,83,respectively,demonstrating that expression of these genes were triggered mainly at the initial stage of LR,and functioned in different phases.The number of their up-regulation and down-regulation was 205 and 200,and their expression patterns were classified into 12 types,implying that the cellular Carbohydrate metabolism during LR were characterized by diversity and complication.Monosaccharides and glycogen metabolism-associated genes,glycoprotein and glycosphingolipid(mainly gangliosides) biosynthesis-associated genes were up-regulated almost in the whole LR.In contrast,oligosaccharides and glycosaminoglycans biosynthesisassociated genes,glycoprotein and glycosphingolipid degradation-associated genes were down regulated.Conclusion Liver regeneration was closely related to carbohydrate metabolism.

This paper reviewed the classification of hemp,distinction between industrial hemp and marijuana hemp,and the use value of industrial hemp.Some research problems and future research trends were also discussed.