Baicalein is an important component of traditional Chinese herb, Scutellariae Radix(Huang Qin), and has various efficacies, including anti bacterial, antivirus, anti inflammation, protecting the liver function, diuresis, anti tumor, and shows good values in clinical application. It was majorly applied to acute or chronic inflammation. This article reviews developments in its pharmacological action and mechanism and provides theoretical evidences for exploiting of baicalein.

Objective To evaluate the clinical and pathological features of eosinophilic cystitis (EC),and to discuss its diagnosis and treatment.Methods The clinical and pathological data of one case of eosinophilic cystitis were reported.An 86-year-old male with gross hematuria and urinary urgency for 15 days was admitted on 16 March 2015.A computed tomography scan showed uneven thickening of the bladder wall and a nodular soft tissue on the anterior wall protruding into the bladder cavity.Results Cystoscopic examination showed diffuse thickening of the bladder with polypoid red lesions on the anterior wall.Transurethral biopsies revealed infiltrating eosinophils,which was consistent with the diagnosis of EC.The patient was then treated with anti-inflammatory drugs,corticosteroids and anti-histamine drugs.At 6 months of follow-up,the patient was asymptomatic and had no evidence of local recurrence by ultrasonography.Conclusions Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare disease without specific clinical and imaging features,which can mimic bladder tumor.The final diagnosis of this disease depends on the pathology.Transurethral resection of the lesion along with postoperative hormone and antihistamines administration are the main choices of treatment.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of spironolactone on schistosomal pulmonary arterial hypertension(SPAH). Methods A total of 62 patients suffered from hepatosplenic schistosomiasis with pulmonary arterial hypertension were divided into the spironolactone group(n=31) and control group (n=31). All the patients underwent serial echocardiography and the clinical effect before and after the treatment was evaluated by assessing the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary arterial diameter (PAD). At the same time, the varieties of the clinical symptoms, signs and the distance of the 6-minute walking test (6-MWT) were investigated. Results In spironolactone group, mPAP(-x±s) decreased from (31.8±7.1) mmHg to (21.2±2.1) mmHg, PAD(-x±s) decreased from (28.0±5.0) mm to (20.0±3.5) mm before and after the treatment respectively(P<0.01). There were significant differences in mPAP, PAD, the distance of 6-MWT and the heart function before and after the treatment in the spironolactone group. However, the data did not show the significant difference in the control group. Conclusion The therapeutic effect of spironolactone in the treatment of SPAH is satisfactory.

Objective To evaluate the clinical feasibility of laparoscopic cool-tip radiofrequency ablation (LCRFA)for renal cell carcinoma. Methods Twelve selected cases of primary renal, ceil carcinoma underwent LCRFA. Of them, 4 cases of left renal carcinomas, 7 cases had right renal carci-nomas and 1 case had bilateral renal carcinomas. The maximum diameter of the tumors was 2.1-8. 5 era. Eleven cases were T, No M0 and the other one was T2 N0 M0. Results The mean operation time was 92±24 min, and the mean blood loss was 50±29 ml. None of the cases need blood transfusion post-operation. No laparoscopic operative complications were observed. Six weeks after operation, complete ablation was achieved in 12 lesions and partial ablation in 1, with a complete ablation rate of 92.3%(12/13). There was no statistic change of Hb. ESR. SCr and GFR after operations (P>0.05). Ten cases underwent CT examination 3 months after the treatment ,9 cases showed complete necrosis of tumor,1 case showed partial necrosis. No recurrence was found. All of the 12 cases remained sur-vived during the follow-up for 1-16 months(median,7.8 months). Conelusions LCRFA for renal cell carcinoma is an accurate and effective intervention with a low incidence of complications, and is more accurate than ultrasound-guided pereutaneous radiofrequency ablation.

Objective To study the correlation between splenic macrophage (M?) phagocytosis and peripheral blood cell count in cirrhotic portal hypertensive (CPH) patients Methods Spleen M? phagocytosis was measured in 20 CPH patients with hypersplenism and 6 patients with traumatic spleen rupture Results The M? phagocytosis rate in CPH patients was (12 6?3 0)% compared with (6 9?0 5)% in traumatic patients ( P

The vein s near the cardiac area of the stomach were studies in 60 cases of Chines cadavers (26 adults, 34 children). The main results are as follows: The coronary vein (lefe gastric) may be divided into 3 types. Type Ⅰ (2 branches) was found in 55 cases (91.66%.t In 33 cases (55.00%), the gastropancreatic fold was situated on the left side of the vertebral colum, and it ended in the splenic vein in 36 cases (60.00%). The average diameter at its terminal end was 3.81 (2.0-6.0) mm. The cardioesophageal branch may be classified into 2 types. Type Ⅰ (1 branch) was found most frequently in 55 cases (93.22%), and it ended in the arched portion of the coronary vein in 55 cases (87.30%). The right gastric vein (pylorus) opened into the portal vein in 49 cases (89.09%). The posterior gastric vein may be divided into 2 types. Type Ⅰ (1 branch) occurred in 45 cases (90.00%). The end of this vein was located in the mid-third of the splenic vein in 41 cases (74.55%). Short gastric veins two to six branches in number, among which three or four branches were most frequently observed.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of central nervous system ( PCNS DLBCL). Methods The data of 70 patients with PCNS DLBCL confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed. Survival and prognostic analyses were further conducted in the 66 follow-up patients. Results Median age at diagnosis was 57 years old. The ratio of male and female was 1.3∶1. The time from having symptoms to seeking medical advice was less than 2 months in 54 (77.1%) patients. 44 (62.9 %) patients had increased intracranial pressure, and 26 (37.1 %) patients had limb weakness or hemiplegia symptoms. 37 (52.9%) patients were multiple lesions, 59 (84.3%) cases were supratentorial, and 46 (65.7%) cases showed involvement of deep-brain tissues. Among 66 follow-up patients 7 cases received supportive and palliative care, 27 cases received surgery, 6 cases received radiotherapy, 9 cases received chemotherapy alone, and 21 cases received radiotherapy in addition to chemotherapy. The median overall survival (OS) was 9 months (95 % CI 1-16 months), and the 2-year survival rate was 36.1 %. The median OSs of the supportive and palliative therapy group and the surgery group were 2 months and 3 months, respectively. The median OS of the chemotherapy, radiotherapy or combination group was 33 months (95%CI 22-43 months) and the 2-year OS rate was 56.9 %. The Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that the involvement of deep-brain tissues (P=0.04) and not receiving radiotherapy or chemotherapy (P=0.00) were related to poor prognosis. Conclusions PCNS DLBCL is a highly aggressive and malignant tumor. Patients undergoing only surgery have poor effect and short survival. The patients with involvement of deep brain tissues have a poor prognosis. The chemotherapy, radiotherapy or combination of them may improve the prognosis.

Objective To analyze the features of diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of primary renal neuroendocrine tumors, and to improve the understanding of primary renal neuroendocrine tumors. Methods From January 2008 to June 2015, 5 cases of primary renal neuroendocrine tumors were hospitalized and their data was analyzed retrospectively, with 1 male 4 females, aged 40-73 years with the middle age of 48 years.Tumors were all located in the left kidney, whose diameters arranged from 4 to 9 cm, with an average of 6.5cm.One case presented with hematuria, one case was identified because of abdominal pain, and the other three cases were identified via physical examination.Four cases underwent a renal contrast-enhanced ultrasound, which indicated a medium-hypoechoic mass in three cases and a hyperechoic mass in one case.All five cases underwent CT scan, presenting irregularly shape and density. Calcification was found in three cases on plain scanning.Significantly heterogeneous enhancement was found in three cases and moderate heterogeneous enhancement was found in one case on enhanced scanning. Results All five cases underwent operations, with two cases undergoing radical nephrectomy and three cases undergoing partial nephrectomy.Pathological examination showed three cases of tumor cells arranged in a nest slug or ribbon-like infiltrative growth, with no or rare mitosis and no necrosis, which is consistent with renal carcinoids.Three out of 4 renal hilar lymph nodes containing tumor cells were identified in one case. The tumor cells in another case exhibited a ribbon-like arrangement, with some round nuclei, no significant atypia, and rare mitosis, which is consistent with renal atypical carcinoid.Two out of two renal hilar lymph nodes containing tumor cells were identified in this case. The tumor tissue of one case showed morphologically uniform, medium-sized cells arranged in nest slug form with necrosis, a high nuclear cytoplasm ratio, an obvious allotype and frequent mitosis, which is consistent with renal small cell carcinoma.The immunohistochemistry of the five cases indicated synaptophysin( Syn) and chromogranin A ( CgA) positive in varying degree.One case of renal carcinoid relapsed approximately 78 months after partial nephrectomy, following with radical surgery.The other two cases were followed up for 8 or 27 months and no recurrence or metastasis was detected.One case of renal atypical carcinoid was followed up for 4 months after radical nephrectomy and no recurrence or metastasis was detected.One case of renal small cell carcinoma died of multiple organ failure 11 months after radical nephrectomy plus hepatic metastatic carcinoma radio-frequency ablation approximately.Conclusions Primary renal neuroendocrine tumors are rare clinically. Renal neuroendocrine tumors may be expressed as carcinoid, atypical carcinoid or small cell carcinoma, and the clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics and prognosis varied.Primary renal carcinoids may be treated by surgery with a nice prognosis.Patients with primary renal small cell carcinoma require comprehensive treatment, and their prognosis is poor.

Objective To assess perineural invasion in prostate needle biopsy ( PNIb) on patholog-ical staging , progression of prostate cancer . Methods This retrospective study recruited clinical data of 316 prostate cancer patients with mean age of 69 years from Jan.2006 to Mar.2013.The mean PSA before biopsy was 15.7μg/L.All patients underwent CT or MRI and radionuclide bone scan and had not been found local tumor invasion or distant metastasis .Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate needle biopsy was performed to all candidates , and the preoperative diagnosis was localized prostate cancer .All patients were treated by laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP).In this study, differences of Gleason score in prostatectomy speci-men, positive surgical margin (PSM), capsular invasion, seminal vesical invasion were analyzed between two groups:group A:patients with PNIb;group B:patients with no PNIb.We also studied the concordance of PNI distribution in PNIb and perineural invasion in prostatectomy specimen ( PNIp). Results The overall rate of PNIb was 32.5%.Difference of Gleason score ≤6 (16 in group A, 92 in group B), Gleason score=7 (46 in group A, 87 in group B), Gleason score ≥8 (41 in group A, 34 in group B) was statisti-cally significant (P<0.05).Of these two groups, differences in PSM (75 in group A, 43 in group B), cap-sular invasion (47 in group A, 36 in group B), and seminal vesical invasion (32 in group A, 23 in group B) were of statistical significant (P<0.05).At the multivariable logistic regression analysis , PNIb was inde-pendent predictor of PSM , capsular invasion, seminal vesicle invasion ( OR=11.358, OR=1.785, OR=2.364, P<0.05).All 22 patients with bilateral PNIb had bilateral PNIp .Of 81 patients with unilateral PNIb,55 had bilateral PNIp .The difference of distribution between PNIb and PNIp was of statistical signifi-cant (P<0.001). Conclusions PNIb is useful for evaluating the progression of prostate cancer .

Objective To assess the intraoperative efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of renal tumors.Methods RFA was performed on 110 renal tumors (size range:1.5-8.6 cm,49 located in the left,55 right and 3 bilateral) in 107 selected patients.Conventional tumor biopsy was conducted for pathological diagnosis using 18G biopsy needle after RFA.CEUS was performed in all patients before,during and after RFA to assess the necrotic area.Once suspicious residual lession was discovered by CEUS,another round of RFA was taken immediately.Initial follow-up enhanced CT and CEUS was performed seven days after the procedure,with subsequent CEUS and enhanced CT after one month,three months,and six months to assess the necrotic area.Technical success was defined as elimination of areas that enhanced at imaging within the entire tumor.Results With CEUS performed during RFA,110 tumors (100％) were successfully ablated during one operation.Of these,five tumors was subjected to additional RFA treatment for the suspicious residual lesion detected by CEUS right after initial RFA.Elimination of areas covered the entire tumor after the second RFA.No residual or recurrence tumors was confirmed by both enhanced CT and CEUS during follow-up.All patients survived in the follow-up phase which ranged from 3 to 18 months(mean 11 months).Conclusions With the application of intraoperative CEUS,there were less residual tumors after RFA.