There are many influential factors in relapsed and refractory lymphomas (RRL), mainly including clinical, pathological and lymphoma factors. Pathological diagnosis is a basic factor and premise for successful treatment of the RRL. Only after clarifying pathological and clinical factors, it is significant to explore new therapy regimens for RRL. However, the influence of pathological factors to RRL is not well known by most clinicians in China. This article is focused on analyzing the details of pathological factors of influencing RRL and its possible reasons. Meanwhile, some suggestions for dealing with pathological factors in RRL to reach better treatment outcome for RRL are provided for clinicians.

Objective To summarize the morphological and immunohistological and clinical manifestatical features of primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (PC-ALCL). Methods We analyzed retrospectively the morphological and immunohistological and clinical data of 14 cases with PC-ALCL and summarized their features. Results Fourteen cases of PC-ALCL were studied. Thirteen cases were followedup in which all cases were alive. There were 11 cases in common type which showed medium to large-sized cells with predominant pleomorphism, 2 cases in immunoblastic type and 1 case in small cell type. Immunohistochemical staining showed that more than 75 % tumor cells expressed CD30 in every case.Conclusion PC-ALCL is an uncommon subtype of lymphoma with an good prognosis. It is characterized by cutaneous nodules, the inflitartion of medium to large-sized cells and the diffuse expression of CD30.

Objective To investigate the effects of 17 ? estradiol (E 2) on the gene expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in human osteoblast (HOB) and MG 63 osteosarcoma cell lines at various maturity stages of cultures, and to make a better understanding of the mechanism of E 2 deficient osteoporosis. Methods The activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC) secreted by cultured cells at different stages of cell proliferation, maturity and collagen mineralization, as well as the effect of E 2 on the OPG gene expression were determined. HOB was prepared from ilial bone tissue in adults, OPG gene expression was quantified by RT PCR, and the activity of ALP, OC was corrected with Bradford′s method. Results For both kinds of cells, expression of OPG at the 12th days′ culture reached the highest levels without any treatment, and 10 -8 mol/LofE 2increasedOPGmRNA to a maximum of about 10 times (P

Objective To observe the synergistic action of 17? estradiol(E 2) and L ascorbic acid on the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cell proliferation and gene expression in osteosarcoma MG 63 cell line, and to study the mechanism of E 2 in treating osteoporosis. Methods MG 63 cells were treated with 10 8 mol/L E 2 with or without 100 ?g/L L ascorbic acid, and then the ALP activity was determined by using ? nitrophenyl phosphate as a substrate. Cell proliferation was measured by ( 3H) thymidine( 3H TdR) incorporation method. mRNA expression of type I collagen, matrix metalloproteinase 1(MMP 1), MMP 2 and osteoprotegerin(OPG) was detected by semiquantitative RT PCR method. Gelatin zymogram was used for the assay of MMP 2 activity. The synergistic action of E 2 and L ascorbic acid on MG 63 cell lines could be evaluated basing on the above indexes since they stand for separately the cell proliferation, gene expression and cell differentiation. Results The action of combined treatment with E 2 and L ascorbic acid on MG 63 cells was obviously stronger than the action using single E 2 or single L ascorbic acid. E 2 and L ascorbic acid increased the ALP activity to 200% ( P

Objective To investigate effects of different processing methods on the contents of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in chaenomeles medicinal materials. Methods The contents of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in samples processed by different processing methods in producing area were determined by HPLC with Agilent HC-C18 (2) chromatographic column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), mobile phase of methanol-water-acetic acid-triethylamine (89∶11∶0.1∶0.05), detection wavelength of 210 nm, column temperature at 25 ℃, the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Results The total contents of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in the samples prepared through 4 different processing methods were 0.86%, 0.93%, 1.29%, and 1.47%, respectively, showing that different processing methods in producing area had a significant effect on contents of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in chaenomeles medicinal materials. Conclusion This study provides a basis for processing methods of chaenomeles medicinal materials in producing area.

Humans ; Palatine Tonsil ; Tonsillitis

Aged ; Humans ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous ; pathology ; Skin Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective To elucidate the clinical and pathological features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (NMZL). Methods 2 patients, with NMZL who has extremely elevated monoclonal IgM were analyzed and review were included. Results The common pathological diagnosis caused by the association of monoclonal gammopathy with indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas was marginal zone lymphoma or B small cell lymphocytic lymphoma/B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. According to our cases and literatures, the main distribution of involved sites in NMZL were lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow. Sixty percent of the NMZL patients presented with advanced stage with, high risk of IPI. The diagnosis of NMZL was based on pathology of the lymph node. The proliferation and distribution of the differentiation monocytoid cell had a specified significance. Prognosis of early stage ( I or Ⅱ) NMZL were much better than that of advanced stage NMZL even the patients had received chemotherapy.Conclusion NMZL mainly involved lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen, sporadically associated with the elevated monoclonal IgM. Most of the NMZL patients presented with advanced stage.The prognoses were poor.

Objective To clarify clinical and morphological features and immunophenotype and Epstain-Barr virus infection of neoplastic cell rich Hodgkin's lymphoma (NCRHL)and to further improve our knowledge and pathological diagnosis for NCRHL. Methods 10 cases of NCRHL were analyzed for clinical features, morphology, immunophenotype, Epstein-Barr virus infection using routine eosin and haematoxylin stain, immunohistochemistry, Epstain-Barr virus encoded small RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization and combining clinical data. Results (1)NCRHL were more common in young people. The median age of the patients was 25.5 years old. The ratio of male to female was 1:2.3. Superficial lymph nodes were most frequently involved. Masses of mediastinum were seen commonly. Clinical manifestation of the patients included B symptom (6 cases), pruitus (5 cases) and anemia (1 case). (2)Architecture of lymph nodes were effected. Necrosis was seen in some cases. There were more tumor cells in NCRHL than that in the classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. The tumor cells were distributed in piece or patch or diffuse. The morphology of neoplastic cells was wore variable including Hodgkin-like cells, lacunar cell-like, mummy cell-like and anaplastic large cell-like, singular nucleated cells, and multinucleated giant cell-like cells. Numerous neutrophils and eosinophils were present in a few cases. Focal sheet, necrosis granulomatosis-like and diffuse growth pattern were found in NCRHL. (3)All of the cases were positive for CD30 and PAX-5.2/10 (20%) cases were CD15 positive. LCA, CD20 and CD3 were negative. (4)EBER was not detected in all 6 tested cases. (5)Follow up data was obtained in 8/10 cases, in which one patient was dead, one case relapsed in half a year,and the other 6 cases reached complete regression. Conclusion NRCHL is characterized mainly by neoplastic cell rich morphologically and focal sheet, necrosis granulomatosis-like and diffuse growth pattern.EBER was not detected in this tumor. Some cases have aggressive clinic process with a unfavourable prognosis. New treatment regimen should be explored.

Objective To investigate the copy number changes of A20 and TNF genes,and determine the contribution of the two genes in the development of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma.Methods Forty-one cases of archive paraffin-embedded ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma tissues were detected by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using the commercial chromosome 6 centromere probe (CEP6),and house-made site-specific probe of A20 and TNF. Results Of the 41 ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma cases,loss of heterozygosity (LOH)in A20 locus was detected in 2 cases (4.88 ％).TNF extra copies were found in 5 cases (12.20 ％),of which three cases simultaneously had extra CEP6 signals.No A20 deletion were found coexistence with TNF extra copies in any case.Conclusion A20 gene deletion is present in the small part of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma, and might contribute to the development of Chinese ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma.A20 deletion is not associated with extra copies of TNF locus.