ObjectiveTo investigate the onset of the measurability and the evolution of the subjective acuity in normal infant.MethodsTwo hundred and sixty - four normal infants were measured using the crowded HOTV recognition symbol system for subjective acuity and the closed-circuit operant preferential looking system(COPL) controlled by computer for grating acuity.The onset of measurability and the evolution of the subjective acuity of the normal infant sample were recorded and analyzed.ResultsIn the study part of the infants with 24-month old began to recognize the subjective vision symbols ( 26.32％ ).The measurability of subjective acuity of the infant group with 46 months old arrived to 100％.In the infants with 24-months old,the subjective acuity of the right eye was 4.86 ±0.05,left eye was 4.88 ± 0.08.In the infants with 46-months old the subjective acuity was 5.0 for both right and left eyes.According to Logistic regression analysis,the education background of the mother,and the instruction for infant showed the significant influencing factor.ConclusionThe study suggest that the crowded HOTV recognition symbol system controlled by computer provided a method to explore the onset of the subjective vision and the development of the infant.

The regeneration of neurons are very weak after the central nervous system is injured,the lack of growth factors in the internal environment and the existence of various inhibitors in the microenvironment are main reasons. Rho-ROCK signaling pathway mediates inhibitory signals to prevent regeneration of nerve cells in the central nervous system. In this paper,the advances in the research on biological property and regulation and interventions of Rho-ROCK signaling pathway are reviewed.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of coblation for early glottic cancer. METHODS Twenty-two patients with early glottic carcinoma (Tis-T2) without lymph node metastasis accepted resection of laryngeal cancer lesions using transoral endoscopic coblation,without pre-operative or post-operative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. All the patients were followed up for 30 to 70 months. RESULTS No severe complications such as dyspnea and bleeding occurred in these cases.Only mild postoperative pain happened to the patients.All patients could swallow and speak after operation. No recurrence occurred in 21 cases till now. One case, with poorly differentiated squarnous cell lesion in the anterior commissure invading subglottic area, recurred 4 months after operation. Salvage partial laryngectomy was performed and no recurrence was found after salvage operation. CONCLUSION The result suggests that transoral endoscopic coblation is a good method for early glottic cancer. It is worth popularizing.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes and determine the difference of electrode impedance and neural response telemetry ( NRT) value with cochlear implants in children with malformed inner ear and normal inner ear. METHOD: Eighty-eight children with multi-channel cochlear implants participated in this study. Children were divided into malformed inner ear group and normal inner ear group. To test the electrode impedance values and NRT value. RESULT: The changes of electrode impedance showed the similar changing pattern in two groups. There was not different in electrode impedance values between the two groups (P > 0.05). The changes of electrode neural response telemetry values showed the similar changing pattern in two groups. There was significantly different in electrode impedance values between the two groups (P < 0.05). The NRT were going up higher from electrode 22 to electrode 1. CONCLUSION The values vary are different programming sessions and electrodes during the first 3 months of cochlear implant use. To acquire better hearing frequent programming sessions are necessary.
Adolescent ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Cochlear Nerve ; Ear, Inner ; abnormalities ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Electric Impedance ; Electrodes ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

Objective:To evaluated the subcutaneous nephrovesical bypass carried out in patients with ureter obstruction and improve the quality of life of patients with palliative definitive percutaneous nephrostomy.Methods:A total of 36 patients with advanced cancer receiving 45 subcutaneous nephrovesical bypass tubes were included in the study.Uronephrosis ranged from 1.8-5.2 cm,serum creatinine 73-760 ?mol/L,and glomerular filtration rate(GFR) 19-26 mL/min.The obstruction was proved to be complete by retrograde pyelography.The nephrovesical stents were inserted utilizing percutaneous access to both of the kidney and bladder,and a subcutaneous tunnel was created between the two sites.B-ultrasound,KUB(kidneys,ureters,and bladder),serum creatinine test and GFR were carried out 72 hours after operation.Results:Urinary diversion operations were successful in the 36 patients,uronephrosis ranged from 0-1.8 cm,all stents were in position,serum creatinine 72-173 ?mol/L,GFR 25-40 mL/min after the operation,and the bypass functioned well in 45 stents for 67 to 481 days of the follow-up.Conclusion:Subcutaneous nephrovesical bypass can protect renal function of patients suffering from ureteral obstruction by simple and minimum invasive operation;it can also reduce complications caused by percutaneous nephrostomy and improve the patient's life quality.

Wistar-to-SD rat pancreas transplantation was performed in 35 SD rat recipients with diabetes-induced.Donor antigen was administered through IV or PV and the antigen treatment was performed before or during the transplantation.Graft vein was drained into IV or PV.The results showed that donor antigen pretreatment via PV combined with graft drainage PV synergistically prolongs the pancreas graft survival,and the effect of simultananeous antigen treat-ment during transplantation is not as satisfactory as that of antigen pretreatment,but may be more practical.

Objective:To investigate the expression of low-molecular-weight PSA(lw-PSA) and lactoferrin in the expressed prostatic secretion(EPS) from both benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) and normal prostate.Methods: Forty human EPS samples obtained from 20 BPH patients and 20 normal males were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE).Mass spectrometry was performed to confirm the nature of the secreted proteins in EPS.Results: One uniquely expressed protein in BPH was detected and mass spectrometry determined its nature as lw-PSA(molecular weight 10?10~3,pI 8.5-(9.3)).More importantly,Western blotting analysis also revealed that lw-PSA detected in BPH-EPS,but was undetectable in BPH-free EPS.In addition,up-regulation of Lactoferrin(molecular weight 35?10~3,pI 7-7.5) in BPHEPS,as compared with BPH-free EPS,was also observed.More interestingly,lactoferrin was absent in prostate cancer tissues.Conclusion: Our results indicate lw-PSA may be produced specifically by BPH epithelium and it has a potential to be used as a specific biological marker for the diagnosis of BPH.In addition,benign prostatic epithelium can produce more lactoferrin while prostate cancer tissues go without its lactoferrin secretion.

Hexavalent chromium[Cr(VI)] is a well-know environmental toxicant which can cause many types of DNA damage. However Cr(VI) does not react directly with DNA itself, it penetrates the cell membrane through the nonspecific phosphate/sulphate anion channel and undergoes a reductive metabolism to a series of lower oxidation state including quinquevalent chromium[Cr(V)], quadrivalent chromium[Cr(IV)] and trivalent chromium[Cr(III)]. Cr(III) can form variety of Cr-DNA adducts; moreover oxidative Cr(V) and free radicals generated during the reduction cause DNA oxidative damage. The process of how Cr(VI) induce DNA damage after entered the cells and types of DNA lesions were briefly reviewed in the present article.

Objective To evaluate the effects of curcumin on matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)/tissure inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) balance during limb ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced lung injury in rats.Methods Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 6-8 months,weighing 250-300 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S) ; group I/R; curcumin + I/R group (group C + I/R).Limb ischemia was induced by occlusion of bilateral femoral arteries for 2 h followed by reperfusion for 3 h in I/R and C + I/R groups.At 2 h before ischemia,curcumin 200 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally in group C + I/R,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in the other groups.Arterial blood samples were taken at 3 h of reperfusion for blood gas analysis and PaO2 was recorded.The animals were then sacrificed and the lungs were removed immediately for determination of wet/dry lung weight (W/D) ratio,myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and MMP-9 and TIMP-1 contents.The ratio of MMP-9/ TIMP-1 was calculated.Results Compared with group S,PaO2 was significantly decreased,and W/D ratio,MPO activity,MMP-9 content and the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05),while no significant change was found in TIMP-1 content in group I/R (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group I/R,PaO2 and TIMP-1 content were significantly increased,and W/D ratio,MPO activity,MMP-9 content and the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1 were significantly decreased in group C + I/R (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which curcumin attenuates lung injury induced by limb I/R is related to decreased MMP-9 content,elevated TIMP-1 content and regulated balance between MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the lung tissues of rats.

Salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma is one of the most common malignant salivary gland tumors.Its invasion and metastasis are multi-stage and multifactorial processes,in which complex mechanisms and multiple signaling pathways are involved.Here,this article reviews the research progress in signaling pathways of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma.