Objective:To analyze the cause of patients with hepatic failure induced by viral hepatitis to provide guidance for the clinical treatment. Methods:Retrospective analysis was adopted to study the clinical data of 115 patients died of hepatic failure induced by viral hepatitis enrolled in our department for five years.The data of each case was collected from the check of final diagnosis and the last check before death. Results:Of all 115 patients,103 cases were male,12 cases were female. with an average age of 45.7 years.There were 89 cases with chronic severe hepatitis,20 cases with cirrhosis.114 cases infected hepatitic B virus including 12 cases with superfection of HAV,HDV,HEV.Of 110 cases,24 were HBeAg positive24/ 110,21.8%),61 were HBeAb positive(61/110,55.5%). Of 85 cases,HBV DNA quantity of 68 cases was more than 1?105 copies/m(l68/85,80%),HBV DNA quantity of 17 cases was less than 1?10(517/85,20%).TBil,PTA and ALT at admission were 403.17 ?219.43,38.33 ?19.14 and 496.78 ?801.56 respectives,while those at death were 478.03 ?234.89,32.39 ? 16.54,218.04?426.58 respectively.Severe complications presented. Conclusion:In our country,hepatic failure was mainly induced by chronic severe hepatitis and cirrhosis infected with hepatitis B virus. The active replication of HBV DNA and the viral mutation could be causes of the development of disease. As the incidence rate of complications is high,preventing complication is necessary to reduce fatality rate of the patients with hepatic failure.

Objective:To observe the prevention of glutathione(GSH)against chronic liver injury in rat.Methods:The chronic liver injury model was made by intracutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride twice a week in rats for 24 times.From the 8th week after the carbon tetrachloride injection,GSH was given by oral or peritoneal administration once a day for 60 days.The animals were sacrificed at the end of the experiment.The serum level of ALT,AST were measured.The liver tissue was studied with histopathological or immunohistochemical assay.Results:GSH markly decreased the serum level of ALT,AST and improved liver tissue inflammation and lessend the liver fibrosis in histopathology compared with the model group.In the immunohistochemical stain,the deposition of type Ⅰ collagen of liver tissue significantly decreased in GSH treatment group compared with the model group.Conclusion:GSH can protect live from injury induced by toxic material.

Objective:To obtain the clone and gene of light chain on human antibody against HBs.Methods:The phage displaying library was subjected to three rounds panning of “adherence-elution-amplification” with HBsAg coated in solid phase and help phage.The positive clone against HBsAg was characterized by ELISA assay and its P/N value was 2.415.The recombinant plasmid vectors from the positive clone was amplified by PCR with designed oligonucleotide primers of ? light chain.The ? chain PCR fragment was subcloned into plasmid pUC18 and sequenced.Results:The phage antibody against HBsAg was screened from a human immunoglouin phage displaying library.The pUC18-? recombinant plasmid was constructed and sequenced.The gene size of ? chain is 643bp including variable region and constant region.Conclusion:According to the sequenceing and ELISA assay,we suggest that ? chain is a human anti-HBs-? immunoglobuin.

Objective:To observe the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine(NAC) injection to 40 patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods:This is a double blind and randomized clinical trial with parallel control.All of 40 patients were randomly divided into the NAC treatment and placebo group.Each group consisted of 20 patients.The patients in NAC group were treated with NAC injection,once a day with 8 gram for 45 days.The control group was given the placebo.Hepatic function(TBil,PTa,ALT,AST) was tested at 0 day,15 th day,30 th day,45 th day,respectively.Results:Before and 45 days after NAC treatment,the total bilirubin(TBil) were 441.74?125.14 and 128.37?108.26,respectively.In placebo group,TBil were 420.77?154.34 and 181.96?194.30 respectively before and 45 days after treatment.The PTa also was increased.The value were50.00?5.68% and 73.50?21.93% respectively at the start and end of NAC treatment,the increasing rate being 48.78?45.08%.The PTa showed remarkable difference between the two groups.NAC also could decrease the level of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartic aminotransferase(AST) in serum.Conclusion:NAC can decrease the level of serum TBil,increase the PTa and reduce the time in hospital.NAC showed no adverse effect in the period of treament.It is effective and safe to patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Objective To optimize the extraction process of Zushima Gel Cream.Methods Setting the content of daphnetin as an investigating index, and the amount of solvent, soak time and the extraction time as investigating factors, the orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the extraction process.Results The best extraction process was as follows:adding 30 mL water to degreasing Zushima Gel Cream;soaking for half an hour;extracting one time for two hours. The average content of daphnetin was 9.83 mg/g.Conclusion The extraction process is stable, reliable, and energy-saving. The study provided experimental evidence for the preparation process of Zushima Gel Cream.

An analysis on the human resources, equipments and budgets of the township hospitals in Wenzhou City discovered the following setbacks: Changeable management system, poor positioning of their functionality, difficulty to play their roles, insufficient funding, inadequate infrastructure, slow development, lack of medical technicians, low level of medical services, and lack of development momentum. Based on these findings, the author proposed the following to upgrade their functionality and promote their development: Clearly positioning their functionality, improving the financial assurance mechanism, deepening system reforms in these hospitals, and further clarifying job divisions.

It has been proved that severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a novel coronavirus. Detecting disease in its early stage, understanding its pathways of transmission and implementing specific prevention measures for the disease are very important in the course of disease control. China has established the definitions of suspected and confirmed cases of SARS. But the laboratory tests and definitions for the diagnosis are limited.Now the primary measures for SARS include isolation, therapeutics application with ribavirin and corticosteroid, mechanical ventilation, etc. Convalescent plasma is being explored.There still are many problems to be solved in the course of conquering SARS.

AIM To study the reversal effect of erythromycin on multidrug resistance of human liver cancer cells BEL 7402. METHODS Cultivated the parental cells BEL 7402 in the presence of doxorubicin to obtain a multidrug resistant subline designated BEL 7402/ADM. The expression of P glycopro tein in BEL 7402 and BEL 7402/ADM cells was determined by using cell ELASA method. The cytotoxicity of drugs was determined by using MTT assay, and the intracellular concentration of doxorubicin in BEL 7402/ADM was determined using a spectrofluorometer. RESULTS After growing BEL 7402 cells in the presence of ADM for some time, the resulting cells (BEL 7402/ADM) became not only resistant to ADM but cross resistant to VCR and MMC, the P gp on the subline cells' surface was highly expresssed. Erythromycin, which is a lipophilic antibiotic, enhanced the anti tumor functions of ADM, VCR and MMC to BEL 7402/ADM cells and increased the intracellular concentration of ADM with no effect on the expression of the P gp in BEL 7402/ADM cells. CONCLUSUON Erythromycin can significantly reverse the multidrug resistance in BEL 7402/ADM cells, it may do so by saturating the P gp pathway to reduce the efflux of intracellular concentration of the drugs.

The numbers of eosinophils and mast cells expressing 5-lipoxygenase of airway in aspirin-induced asthma (AIA) increased. LTC 4 synthase, the terminal enzyme for cys-LT production, is overexpressed markedly in bronchial biopsy specimens of most patients with AIA. These characterized the unique airway inflammation of AIA which may illuminat the pathogenesis of AIA to some extent.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of entecavir (ETV) or adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) monotherapy in treatment of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with mildly elevated ALT.Methods One hundred and seven HBeAg-negative CHB patients with ALT elevated by 1-2-fold of upper limit of normal (ULN) were enrolled in this prospective study.Sixty patients were assigned to receive ETV monotherapy and 47 patients to receive ADV monotherapy for at least 96 weeks.The ALT and HBV DNA levels were measured every 3 months.The liver biopsy was performed in 35 patients prior to therapy.Drug resistance and adverse reactions were documented.Results Four cases in ETV group and 2 cases in ADV group were lost in follow-up.Among 35 patients with liver biopsy,30 (86％) cases had significant fibrosis (stage 2-4) or inflammation (grade 2-4).At weeks 96,serum ALT was normalized in 67％ (30/45) cases of ADV group,and 95％ (53/56) cases of ETV group (x2 =13.33,P ＜ 0.01) ; the proportion of patients with undetectable HBV DNA in ADV and ETV groups was 78％ (35/45) and 100％ (56/56) respectively (x2 =13.81,P ＜ 0.01).No drug resistance occurred in ETV group,while 2 patients in ADV group were found with virological breakthrough and were confirmed to be of variants associated with ADV resistance.No adverse reactions were observed in either group during the trial.Conclusion Present study suggests that most HBeAg-negative CHB patients with mildly elevated ALT have significant fibrosis or inflammation and entecavir monotherapy was more effective than adefovir dipivoxil monotherapy in treatment of the patients.