Objective To discuss the diagnostic approaches of erectile dysfunction (ED),and to improve the diagnostic level of ED. Methods 186 patients with ED were evaluated by IIEF 5,intracavernous injection,hormonal testing,colour duplex ultrasonography,cavernosography and bulbocavernosus reflex latency,respectively. Results Among these ED patients who were evaluated,186,71,28,45,21 and 17 cases underwent the above mentioned examinations, and 46 patients were diagnosed as psychological ED,6 as arterial ED,15 as venous ED,3 as hormonal ED,3 as neurologic ED,10 as composite ED and 103 unknown cause ED. Conclusions Erectile dysfunction is a highly individualized disease.Diagnostic approaches of erectile dysfunction should be individual patient specific,which can be safe,economical and efficacious to the ED patients.

Objective To monitor the production of nitric oxide(NO)and to study its role during ischemia-reperfusion of kidney transplantation in rats using electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR). Methods LEW male rats (age of 8 to 10 months,body weight of 200 to 230 g) were included.Of them 30 were assigned to donor group whose kidney grafts were stored at 0℃ for 24 hours.The remaining 45 rats were equally divided into 3 groups (15 in each group).Group 1 served as controls.In Group 2,allotransplantations of kidneys were performed,and both original kidneys were removed during reperfusions.In Group 3,2 hours prior to the operation,the donors and the recipients were both treated with L-NAME at the dose of 30 mg/kg.Reperfusions were done to the transplanted kidneys and both original kidneys were removed.The production of NO was measured with ERP at each time point before and after blood flow recovery.The creatinine level,GFR and the tissue carbonyl content were recorded on the first and fifth days after operation. Results In Group 2,the production of NO remarkably increased after 15 minutes' reperfusion and kept increasing for 120 minutes. Then the level fell to normal after 210 minutes.In Group 3,the recorded creatinine levels were higher than those in Group 2 at the 24th hour ( P

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effects of panax quinquefolium 20s-protopanaxtriol saponins (PQTS) on ventricular remodeling in rats with pressure overloaded hypertrophic myocardium.Methods Wister rats were randomly divided into operation,model,positive captopril,and low,moderate,high PQTS groups.The model of pressure overload-induced ventricular remodeling was established through the method of rat's abdominal aorta deligation.After 6 weeks of PQTS treatment ( 12.5,25.0 and 50.0 mg · kg-1 · d-1,i.p),myocardial morphological and hemodynamic parameters were determined.The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD)in serum,and the concentrations of prostacycline (PGI2),thromboxane A2 (TXA2),endothelium (ET) and angiotensin Ⅱ( Ang Ⅱ ) in plasma were also determined.ResultsCompared with remodeling group,PQTS could inhibit myocardial pathological changes,decrease significantly ventricular weight and cardiac coefficient,increase significantly systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,mean arterial pressure,left ventricular systolic pressure and the maximum left ventricular pressure rising and dropping rates(dp/dtmax),reduce the heart rate and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in ventricular remodeling rats.PQTS could also decrease the content of MDA and enhance significantly activity of SOD in serum.In addition,PQTS could decline the contents of ET,Ang Ⅱ and TXA2 in plasma while increase significantly the content of PGI2 in plasma and PGI2/TXA2 ratio(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).ConclusionsPQTS has protective effects on ventricular remodeling through improving systolic and diastolic function in ventricular remodeling rats,increasing anti-oxidase activity,reducing the damage of free radicals and vasoactive substance onmyocardium,and correcting disequilibrium of PGI2/TXA2 in ventricular remodeling rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of combination low-dose of methotrexate (MTX) and cy-clophosphamide (CTX) intermittent therapy on the synovial cell p53 expression of collagen-indued arthritis Rats. The possible synergistic effect is examined and the possible meehaniams are evaluated. Methods Models of CIA were successfully established in 75 female Wistar rats. The CIA rats were then randomized into controls. At the end of this 24-week study the synovium of ankle joints were obtained, fixed, decalcified, wrapped and cut into slices. The intensity of p53 mutations expressions was examined by immunohistochemi-stry method. Results The intensity of p53 mutations expression of synoviocytes in CIA model group was significantly higher than that in the controls. In addition, the p53 mutations expressions in the synoviocytes of the treatment groups were decreased markedly, which did not return to the baseline level. The improvement of p53 mutations in the combination treatment group was higher than the single treatment groups and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). However, the difference between the combination treatment group and high-dose MTX treatment group was not significant. Conclusion Low-dose of MTX combined with CTX has the same efficacy comparing to high-dose of MTX in inhibiting p53 expression of CIA rats synoviocytes, but it is superior to low-dose single drug group. The results suggest that the combination of MTX and CTX may be synergistic in the treatment of RA.

Objective To observe the mechanism of action of panax quinquefolium diolsaponins (PQDS) on anti-ventricular remodeling in rats. Methods The model of pressure-loading ventricular remodeling was established through the method of rat’s abdominal aorta deligation. The male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups,including sham operation group,remodeling model group,Benazepril group,and low and high dose groups of PQDS. The rats were treated with PQDS (with dose of 50 and 100 mg?kg-1 i.g) for 6 weeks. The rats in sham operation group and remodeling model group were treated with normal sodium (with dose of 10 mL?kg-1?d-1 i.g) for 6 weeks. The rats in masculine medicine group were treated by Benazepril (with dose of 10 mg?kg-1 i.g) for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks of treatment,myocardial morphological parameters,the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum,the contents of prostacycline (PGI2),thromboxane A2 (TXA2),nitric oxide (NO) and angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ) in plasma were determined. At the same time,the contents of endothelium (ET) in plasma and myocardium were also determined. Results Compared with remodeling model group,the ventricular weight and cardiac coefficient were decreased significantly in the rats treated with PQDS (P0.05). Conclusion PQDS has protective effects on ventricular remodeling through increasing anti-oxidase activity,reducing the damage of free radicals and vasoactive substance on myocardium and correcting disequilibrium of PGI2/TXA2 in ventricular remodeling etc.

Object To observe the protective effect of Shexiang Antithrombosis Pill (SATP) on experimental cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods In cerebral ischemia model induced by bilateral common carotid artery clamping and controlled hemorrhage to a mean arterial pressure of 6.7 kPa (50 mmHg), cerebral water content, SOD activity, MDA, Ca 2+ , and LA contents were measured and the ischemic tissue pathology was observed. Results SATP can decrease cerebral water content, lessen pathological change, increase SOD activity and decrease MDA, Ca 2+ , and LA contents. Effect of water pill is better than that of honey pill. Conclusion SATP can protect the cerebral tissue from ischemia injury by suppressing lipid peroxidation. This effect may be related to increasing antioxidase activity and decreasing acidosis of LA and overload of calcium in cell.

Objective To observe the protective effects of Diemailing Injection (DMLI) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods The myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model was induced by 30 min left anterior descending coronary occulusion and 24 h reperfusion in open-chest anesthetized rats. The changes of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in serum, and prostacycline (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) levels in plasma were determined. Results In rats treated by DMLI (with dose of 2. 5, 5 and 10 mL ? kg-1 i. v. at 30 min after coronary occulusion), the myocardial ischemia size (MIS) was significantly reduced, the AST, LDH and CK-MB activities in serum and the TXA2 level in plasma were declined, while PGI2 level in plasma and PGI2/TXA2 ratio were increased significantly. In addition, the LPO content in serum declined, SOD and GSH-Px activities in serum were increased markedly. Conclusion DMLI has protective effects on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through improving free radicals metabolism, decreasing TXA2 level in plasma, increasing PGI2 level in plasma and PGI2/TXA2 ratio.

Objective To observe the protective effects of Diemailing Injection(DMLI) on experimental myocardial infarction in rats and its mechanism.Methods The experimental myocardial infarction model was induced by left anterior descending coronary occulusion for 24 h in rats.The rats were randomly divided into sham group,myyocardial infaction model group,DMLI groups with different doses(2.5,5.0,10.0 mL?kg~(-1))(n=20).The changes of myocardial infarction size(MIS),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),actate dehydrogenase(LDH),creatine phosphokinase(CK),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activities and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in serum,endothelin(ET) and angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ) levels in plasma,and low shearing specific viscosity,middle shearing specific viscosity and high shearing specific viscosity of blood and specific viscosity of plasma were determined.At the same time,myocardial free fatty acid(FFA) contents of infarction and noninfarction area were determined.Results In rats treated by DMLI(in doses of 2.5,5.0 and 10.0 mL?kg~(-1) i.v after coronary occulusion),the MIS was significantly reduced(P

Objective To study the effects of ginseng fruit saponins(GFS)on the coronary circulation and cardial oxygen metabolism in dogs with acute myocardial infarction.Methods The acute myocardial infarction model was induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary of dogs for 6 h.90 min after treatment with GFS,the blood flow of coronary artery was determined by using electromagnetism flowmeter with MP-27 type.At the same time,the blood oxygen contents of artery and vein were determined by using analysis instrument of blood gas with CORNIHG 178 type.Results After treated by GFS(in a dosage of 5 and 10 mg?kg~(-1) iv drip for 90 min),the myocardial blood flow(MBF) was increased and coronary vascular resistance(CVR) was decreased significantly.Meanwhile the cardiac oxygen consumption and myocardial oxygen utilization rate were also decreased,but cardiac oxygen consumption index had not changed significantly.Conclusion GFS has protective effects on acute myocardial ischemia through improving the coronary circulation,increasing myocardial blood supply and decreasing cardiac oxygen consumption and myocardial oxygen utilization rate.

Objective To study the effect of Acanthopanax senticosus saponins (ASS) on organ blood flow and vascular resistance in anesthetized dogs.Methods The cerebral blood flow(CBF),cerebral vascular resistance(CVR),peripheral blood flow(PBF),peripheral vascular resistance(PVR),blood pressure(SDP and DBP) and heart rate(HR) were measured using the MF-27 electromagnetic flowmeter.Results ASS(15 and 30 mg?kg~(-1) iv perfusion for 60 min) augmented CBF and PBF,decreased CVR and PVR within 180 min and slowed down HR at 60-180 min.In addition,ASS(30 mg?kg~(-1) iv perfusion for 60 min) could obviously reduce SBP and DBP.Conclusion Protective effect of ASS on experimental cerebral ischemia may be related to improving cerebral circulation and increasing cerebral blood supplyment.