The genes of P53,retinoblastoma (Rb),C-myc and human papilloma virus (HPV) were determined by PCR method in specimens of 33 patients with laryngeal carcinoma and 4 normal laryngeal tissues as a control group.There were 23 males and 10 females,ranging in age from 40 to 11 years old.Results showed that the mutation rate of P53 and Rb gene were 69.69%(23/33) and 48.48%(16/33),respectively;c\|myc gene amplification rate and HPV insertion rate were 58.62% (17/29) and 72.72%(24/33),respectively.There were significant difference(P＜0.05)in comparison between positive and negative expression above these genes.The expression rate were 50.00%(12/24),45.83%(11/24)and 66.67%(16/24)of C-myc,Rb and P53 genes respectively in 24 cases who were HPV positive of laryngeal carcinoma.The positive rates were 73.68%(14/19),63.16%(12/19),57.89%(11/19)and 84.21%(16/19) of HPV,C-myc,Rb and P53,respectively in 19 cases who have heavy smoking (20/day,20 years smoking history).Above results suggested that there were closed relationship in the C-myc gene activation and P53,Rb genes inactivation with smoking and HPV infection.It was believed that carcinogen factors on laryngeal carcinoma was the result of factors,genes and stages interaction.

The occurrence of 20 to 25 percent of ovarian cancer is associated with genetic factors.Hereditary ovarian cancer includes genetic ovarian cancer and familial ovarian cancer.The genetic characteristics of tumors and the development of gene testing technology make it possible to detect tumor-related mutational genes by testing the gene of the proband and thus identify the other family members at risk and intervene early so as to realize early prevention and detection of the cancer.The paper reviews the genetic basis and pathogenesis of hereditary ovarian cancer as well as methods of detecting mutational genes, management of the proband, problems at present, and disease prevention for high-risk individuals.It stresses that we should pay attention to hereditary ovarian cancer in clinical work, identify the proband, and make comprehensive evaluation of risks of the patients` relatives so as to provide individualized guidance and carry out the concept of precision medicine.

Objective To investigate the effects of methylmercury on outward potassium currents in isolated outer hair cells of guinea pig cochlea.Methods The whole-cell patch clamp technique was used.Calcium sensitive outword potassium currents were recorded when the concentrations of mercurial were 1/1000 LD_(50),1/100 LD_(50) and 1/10 LD_(50).Results After methylmercury poisoning,amplitudes of the outword potassium currents I_(K(Ca)) were(1.48?0.28),(1.36?0.16) and(1.22?0.13)nA.Compared with control group,the amplitudes in three methylmercury poisoning groups were decreased by 8%,16% and 25%(P

Functional constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. Currently, there is no effective Western medical therapy for functional constipation and it significantly impacts the quality of life of the patients. Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapies were reported to have better therapeutic effects than routine Western medicine therapies.

Objective To explore the expression of CTGFmRNA and MDA in rats with alcoholic hepatic fibrosis and intervention of Huangqi injection on them.Methods 45 male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:a normal group,a model group,and a Huangqi injection group.Alcohol was intragastricly administrated for 16 weeks to induce the model of hepatic fibrosis.At the same time of modeling,The Huangqi injection was injected into tail vein of rats in the Huangqi injection group.The rats were killed after 16 weeks.The histomorphylogic structure of the liver tissues were observed under optical microscope;The levels of MDA in liver tissue were determined by radioimmunoassay,and the expressions of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)mRNA were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Compared with the model group.the destructions and proliferations of collagen fibers were lightened,fiber cords were loosened and narrowed swelling of liver cells and degeneration were alleviated,infiltrating cells got decreased(P＜0.01)in the treated groups;Compared with the model group,the collagen area,the MDA and CTGFmRNA expression in liver tissue were decreased obviously in Huangqi injection group(P＜0.01).The expression level of MDA and CTGFmRNA was positively correlated with collagen area(R_1=0.571,P＜0.05;R_2=0.558,P＜0.05).Conclusion Huangqi injection can protect liver from chronic damage in rats and obviously decrease hepatic fibrosis,which is closely correlated to its inhibiting the expression of CTGFmRNA in liver tissues and anti-lipid peroxidation.

ABSTRACT:Objective To explore the expressions of Toll-like receptor4/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signa-ling pathways in rat ulcerative colitis (UC)induced by the combined enema of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid and ethano and the interventional effect of electroacupuncture on them.Methods Totally 240 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:normal control group,model control group,electroacupuncture group,TLR4mAb group,LY294002 group,and TLR4mAb combined with LY294002 (T&L)group.The combined enema of trinitro-benzene sulphonic acid (TNB)and ethanol was intrarectally administered for 4 weeks to induce UC.At the same time of modeling ,Zusanli point was electro-acupunctured in electroacupuncture group while intraperitoneal injec-tion of TLR4mAb and LY294002 was given respectively to the corresponding group.Each rat was treated with the above-mentioned TLR4mAb injection and LY294002 injection in T&L group for 4 weeks.The disease activity index (DAI)of all the rats was evaluated daily.The rats were killed after 4 weeks.The colonic mucosa damage index (CMDI)and tissue damage index (TDI)were evaluated by a pathologic grading system.The expressions of P-Akt and active NF-κB protein in the colon mucosa were determined by Western blotting.TLR4 mRNA,PI3K mRNA, AKT mRNA,NF-κB mRNA,TNF-αmRNA and IL-1βmRNA expressions were measured with RT-PCR.Results Compared with those in normal control group,TLR4 mRNA,PI3K mRNA,P-AKT,active NF-κB,TNF-αmRNA and IL-1βmRNA expressions as well as DAI,CMDI and TDI were all increased obviously in model control group (P <0.01).Compared with those in model control group,TLR4mRNA expression was decreased obviously in TLR4mRNA group (P <0.01),the expressions of PI3KmRNA and P-AKT were decreased obviously in LY294002 group (P <0.01 ).Not only TLR4mRNA expression but also PI3KmRNA and P-AKT expressions were decreased significantly in electroacupuncture group and T&L group (P <0.01 ).Corresponding to the above-mentioned chan-ges,active NF-κB,TNF-αmRNA and IL-1βmRNA expressions as well as DAI,CMDI and TDI were decreased obvi-ously in all the treated groups compared with those in model control group (P <0.05 or P <0.01),but the six inde-xes were better in electroacupuncture group and T&L group than in TLR4mAb group and LY294002 group (P <0.05).There were obvious positive correlations of active NF-κB with TNF-αmRNA and IL-1β mRNA expressions (r 1 =0.579,P <0.05;r 2 =0.561,P <0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture can significantly decrease NF-κB activity and TNF-αmRNA and IL-1β mRNA expressions in UC rats,thus alleviating the severity of UC,which is closely correlated to its blocking both TLR4/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathways.

AIM: To study the pharmacokinetics of loratadine in healthy volunteers after single and multiple oral administrations of loratadine, paracetamol and pseudoephedrine (LPP) sustained-release tablets.METHODS: Twenty-four volunteers were randomized into two groups which included six men and six women in each group. In the single dose design, volunteers received either one or two tablet (s) of LPP. After 1 wk wash out period, volunteers of one tablet group participated in multiple dose design in which each volunteer received one tablet of LPP twice per day for six consecutive days. The concentrations of loratadine in plasma were determined by HPLC-MS method and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. RESULTS: In the single dose design, main pharmacokinetic parameters of one and two tablet group were as follow: cmax were ( 1.5 ±groups were similar to each other. The obtained multi-dose pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: AUCssrespectively. D (F) was (3.3 ± 0.8) %. The pharmacokinetics of loratadine was linear. There were no significant difference in pharmacokinetics between single-dose and multi-dose. CONCLUSION: The release and absorption of loratadine in experimental tablet are close to those in loratadine tablet and not affected by the other two components, pseudoephedrine and paracetamol, in LPP sustained release tablet.

Targeted therapy combined with chemotherapy has achieved great success in palliative treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer.Recent studies gave more emphasis on new fields,such as maintenance treatment,adjuvant treatment and the prognostic & predictive biomarker.These advances have been gradually changing the treatment strategies for colorectal cancer.The latest advances on the targeted therapy for colorectal cancer from the 2010 Annual Meeting of American Society of Clinical Oncology are reviewed below.

Objective To evaluate application value of plasma tumor type M2 pyruvate kinase (TU M2-PK) in the treatment effect monitoring in breast cancer. Methods TU M2-PK was determined by ELISA in breast cancer patients (n = 63 ), benign breast disease patients (n = 22 ) and health controls (n = 40).The receiver operation characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed as compared with CA15-3 and CEA. Results ROC analysis showed the cut-off was set at 14. 1 U/ml for TU M2-PK ( sensitivity 46. 0% ;specificity 86. 0% ), and the diagnosis efficacy of TU M2-PK was higher than CA15-3 and CEA. The level of TU M2-PK was significantly higher in breast cancer patients (13. 3 U/ml) than that in health controls (7. 2 U/ml, U = 408. 5, P < 0. 05 ) and in benign breast disease patients ( 11.1 U/ml, U = 509.0,P < 0. 05 ). With the progression of breast carcinoma, the level of TU M2-PK as well as the positivity was increased. TU M2-PK concentration was higher in patients with lymph node metastasis (23. 3 U/ml ) than those without metastasis ( 10. 9 U/ml, U = 237. 0, P < 0. 01 ). The level of TU M2-PK correlated with therapy response. An elevated level of TU M2-PK was found preclinically in recurrent disease patients, and the levels decreased in the patients, which showed sensitive to chemotherapy. The TU M2-PK level was kept at baseline in patients with stable disease. Conclusion TU M2-PK is helpful in the diagnosis of breast cancer, and it is a valuable tumor marker for disease monitoring, therapy control and prognosis evaluation in breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the combination of smoking with CYP2E1-RsaⅠ and GSTT1 genes polymorphisms and pancreatic cancer. Methods The genetic polymorphisms of CYP2E1-RsaⅠ and GSTT1 were analyzed by polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in peripheral blood leukocytes of 150 pancreatic cancer cases and 150 non-cancer controls. Results The frequency of CYP2E1-RsaⅠ(c1/c1) and GSTT1(-) was 38.7% and 69.3% in pancreatic cancer cases and 20.7% and 44.7% in healthy controls, respectively. Statistical tests showed significant differences in the frequencies between the two groups (χ~2=15.75, P<0.01; χ~2=18.62, P<0.01). The risk of pancreatic cancer patients with CYP2E1-RsaⅠ(c1/c1) was significantly higher than that of controls (OR=3.19, 95% CI=2.53-4.26). The individuals who carried with GSTT1(-) had a higher risk of pancreatic cancer (OR=2.85, 95% CI=1.92-4.64). Combined analysis of the polymorphisms showed that the percentage of CYP2E1-RsaⅠ(c1/c1)/GSTT1(-) in pancreatic cancer and control groups was 30.7% and 6.7%, respectively (χ~2= 42.39, P<0.01). People who carried with CYP2E1-RsaⅠ(c1/c1)/GSTT1(-) had a higher risk of pancreatic cancer (OR=16.63, 95% CI=8.94-22.01). The smoking ratewas significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (OR=2.74, 95% CI=1.32-4.58, P<0.01), and statistical analysis suggested an interaction between smoking and CYP2E1-RsaⅠ(c1/c1) or GSTT1(-) genotypes polymorphisms which increased the risk of pancreatic cancer (OR=8.84, 95% CI=5. 51-11.62; OR=20.40, 95% CI=4.98-29.53). Conclusion CYP2E1-RsaⅠ(c1/c1) and GSTT1(-) are the risk factors in pancreatic cancer. Smoking is also related to the susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. There may be a synergetic interaction among CYP2E1-RsaⅠ(c1/c1) and GSTT1(-) and smoking on the elevated susceptibility of pancreatic cancer.