OBJECTIVE To characterize the pathogenic distribution and drug resistance of nosocomial infection occurred in tumor hospital and therefore provide the information in rational administration of antibiotics to tumor patients complicated with infection.METHODS Flora cultivation and isolation were operated with the methods described by the National Clinical Laboratory Operational Regulations.Flora was identified with the VITEK-32 automatic identifier,and bacteria-susceptibility test was operated with Kirby-Bauer method.RESULTS Totally 1280 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated;they comprised 874 strains of G-bacteria and 416 strains of G+ bacteria.In this study,the isolation rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter,Enterobacteriaceae and Klebsiella were 14.92%,14.92%,14.06%,13.91% and 10.47%,respectively;whereas that of Streptococcus Group D and Staphylococcus aureus were 24.06% and 7.70%,respectively.Both E.coli and S.aureus were much resistant to antimicrobial agents tested;while imipenem and vancomycin might be chosen for the G-and G+bacteria infection.CONCLUSIONS The bacterial spectrum and their drug-resistance characteristics in the tumor hospital are quite similar to that encountered in general hospitals.So the information on nosocomial infection control from the latter is of great importance in directing on and carrying out the same job in tumor hospital.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the current status that nosocomial infection constitutes one of the main problems threatening the safety of hospitalized patients and to set the idea that a good practice of hand hygiene will definitely improve the situation.METHODS The published papers and related regulations in this specific field were reviewed.RESULTS The most common way responsible for nosocomial infection was the transmission of pathogens by hands of medical staff;the detection rate of pathogens was as high as 80% in nursing staff hands,which included Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by rates of 25.9%,22.2% and 14.8%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS It is of great importance to control nosocomial infection by realizing and using the hand hygiene knowledge,which is basic,simple,and practicable.

Objective To evaluate the effects of rHGF on liver regeneration after partial transplantation.Methods The partial orthotopic liver transplanted model was established in SD rats with two-cuff technique. In experimental group, immediate after operation, 500 ?g/kg rHGF was administered intravenously twice a day. Same vehicle of saline was administered as control. The rats were (killed) randomly on the day 1, 2, 4 and 7 after operation. The serum levels of albumin and alanine (aminotransferase) were detected. Each liver was removed and weighed. The expression of Ki-67 antigen was detected by using immunohistochemistry assay. The regeneration response of hepatocytes was evaluated by flow cytometry.Results The wet weigh in rHGF group was significantly larger than that in control group 1, 2 days after transplantation. The serum level of alanine aminotransferase was (lower) and that of albumin was higher in rHGF group than in control group 4, 7 days after operation. The proliferating index and Ki-67 labeling index of graft in rHGF group were higher than in control group.Conclusion rHGF can promote the regeneration of hepatocytes after partial transplantation.

Objectives:To clarify whether the bone mineral density (BMD) differed from normal and whether the mandibular BMD changed with age in young adults with moderate periodontitis. Methods:30 patients (20-35 years old) with moderate adult periodontitis and 30 individuals (20-35 years old) with normal periodontal condition as control group were included in present study. BMD of the mandible was measured using panoramic mandibular index(PMI) from panoramic radiographic film. Results:The sPMI and iPMI value were 0.275 0?0.034 and 0.527 3?0.096 (normal group), 0.223 3?0.024 and 0.367 3?0.069 (periodontitis patients) respectively.The PMI value of periodontitis patients was significantly decreased compared to that of normal group, and showed a significant correlation with age.Conclusions:Moderate periodontitis in young adults seem to be a local disorder associated with relatively low PMI in the jaws. Age-related decrease in mean PMI with increasing age in both normal and periodontitis patients is founded.Dental panoramic radiograph may serve as a simple tool in mandibular BMD defection.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics of septicemia and septic shock in elderly patients with liver disease. Methods Fifty-two patients over 60 years old with liver disease and positive blood culture, admitted form 1999 to 2003, were enrolled for analysis. Results Septic shock was found in 8 patients (15.4%). The course of sepsis was complicated by progressive deterioration of hepatic and renal functions. 18 patients (34.6%) died or left the hospital in a critical condition. 52 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, among which 71.2% were G +germ, 26.9% G -germ and 1.9% fungi. Conclusion Septicemia and septic shock can exacerbate liver disease. Early diagnosis and treatment should be emphasized to lower the mortality.

Objective To compare the efficiency of bacteria culture and PCR assays for detection of Staphylococcus aureus ( S.aureus) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P.aeruginosa) and Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K.pneumoniae) in laboratory rats and mice.Methods Bacteria culture combined with biochemical identification and PCR assay were used to detect 78 SPF rats and 422 SPF mice and the results of the two methods were compared .Results All the 78 rats were negative .Of the 422 mice, the positive rate by culture was 7.11%(30/422), of which, 10 were S.aureus, 22 were P.aeruginosa, and 2 were K.pneumoniae.The positive rate by PCR was 7.58%(32/422), of which, 10 were S.aureus, 25 were P. aeruginosa, and 2 were K.pneumoniae.Conclusions The high sensitivity , rapid procedure and easy to operate of PCR assay makes it valuable for rapid bacteria diagnosis and large-scale screening in laboratory animals .

Objective To investigate the effects of rhubarb combined with glutamine on repair of gut mucosal barrier injury after gastrointestinal surgery in rats. Methods Fifty male healthy Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into five groups:control(C group),enteral nutrition(EN group),rhubarb with EN(R-EN group), glutamine with EN(G-EN group)and rhubarb combined with glutamine and EN(R-G-EN group)groups(each n=10). The rats of C group received no treatment and were fed normally. Cecectomy and gastrostomy were performed in EN,R-EN,G-EN and R-G-EN groups,and in 24 hours after surgery,they were interfered with the use of amoxicillin 50 mg/d and metronidazole 20 mg twice a day. From the first day after operation,each group was treated with the same prescription of enteral isocaloric and isonitrogenous nutrition for consecutive 7 days. Seven days later, under anaesthesia,laparotomy was performed,and a specimen of 1 cm intestinal segment was taken from the terminal 5 cm long ileum for all the groups;under the light microscope,the morphological examination of intestinal mucosal epithelial tight junctions(including villus height and mucosal thickness)was carried out. For each group,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure the levels of plasma citruline and D-lactate,and the serum concentration of TNF-αwas detected by utilizing double antibody ABC-ELISA. Results The levels of D-lactate and TNF-αin EN,R-EN,G-EN and R-G-EN groups were obviously higher than those in C group(all P<0.01). The level of plasma citruline(μmol/L:16.13±0.58 vs. 14.52±0.28)of R-G-EN group was remarkably higher than that in R-EN group(P<0.05),and its levels of serum D-lactate(mmol/L:3.12±0.56 vs. 3.62±0.52)and TNF-α(ng/L:2.82±0.62 vs. 3.54±0.49)were markedly lower than those of G-EN group(both P<0.05). The mucosal villus height(μm:126.50±6.31 vs. 175.67±11.91),mucosal thickness(μm:223.67±11.94 vs. 277.00±14.06)and the level of plasma citruline(μmol/L:13.25±0.36 vs. 15.67±0.55)in EN group were obviously lower than those of C group(all P<0.01);the above indexes of R-EN,G-EN and R-G-EN groups were higher than those of EN group (P<0.05 or P<0.01),but in the comparisons of the villus height and mucosal thickness among the three groups there were no statistical significant differences(all P>0.05). Conclusion The application of rhubarb combined with glutamine can protect gut mucosa,reduce the level of inflammatory reaction and elevate the level of plasma citruline, that is beneficial to the repair of gut mucosal barrier injury and its functional recovery after gastrointestinal surgery in rats.

Objective To discuss the distributional characteristics and drug-resistance of Enterococcus species isolated from urine specimens.Methods 3096 middle-segment urine specimens were collected since January to December in 2011 for culture.The identification of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotics sensitivity tests were carried out with VITEK2-compact combined with GN,AST-GN13,GP,AST-GP67,and antibiotics sensitivity tested performed by K-B and E-test at the same time.The results were determined by CLSI 2011.Results 1248 of 3096 pathogenic bacteria were isolated (40.31％).549 strains of Escherichia coli were detected (43.99％) which was the most common and 159 strains of Enterococcus were detected (12.74％) which was the second most common.The Enterococcus detection rate in woman (15.02％)was higher than that in man (10.35％),in out-patients (15.54％) than the that in hospitalized patients (12.49％),and in the patients of non-surgical departments (13.65％) than those of surgical departments (11.38％).The Enterococcus was absolutely sensitive to tigecycline,and the sensitive rate to vancomycin and linezolid were over 90％.The antibiotics sensitivity was higher for Enterococcus faecalis than that for Enterococcus faecium,and in surgical departments than non-surgical departments.Conclusions The detection rate of Enterococcus in urinary tract infection patients is quite high and varied between sexes and departments.The difference of drug resistance between species is obvious,and the bacteria species should be identified in order to use the antibiotics reasonably to postpone the development of drug resistant strains.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of vestibular migraine in patients from the clinic and ward of the neurological department in comprehensive hospitals.Methods A total of 226 patients diagnosed as vestibular migraine were enrolled in the study.Clinical data were collected and analyzed,including the medical history,clinical symptoms and signs,as well as the result of diagnostic examinations.Results The mean age of the patients at the visit was 51.7 years old,with the male to female ratio of 1:1.48.The occurrence of vertigo and migraine varied in order,with 53.1％ (120/226) patients presented migraine several years before vertigo.The duration time of vertigo ranged from seconds to days,with 1.8％ (4/226) patients presented no headache during the whole course.Several punctate long T2 or high FLARE (fluid attented inversion recovery) signals scattered at the centrum ovale.Conclusions Vestibular migraine has complex mechanism and presents multiple clinical manifestations with certain regularities of the onset.Differential diagnosis should be made from the similar diseases.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect and safety of piezoelectric osteotomy in lateral sinus floor augmentation.Meth-ods:53 implants were placed in 30 sites after lateral sinus floor augmentation(LSFA)in 29 patients by piezoelectric osteotomy.47 implants were placed simultaneously with LSFA,6 were delayed.6-8 months after implantation,the final fixed prostheses were per-formed.The patients were followed-up at 3,6,and 12th months after restoration.Results:The mean residual bone height(RBH) was 4.46 mm before operation.The mean height of sinus elevation was 7.34 mm after operation.No membrane perforation occurred. Peri-implantitis,peri-implant mucositis and implant mobility were not found during follow-up.X-ray examination showed good os-seointegration in the interface between the implants and bones.The implant survival rate and the operation success rate were 100%. Conclusion:The application of piezosurgery is safe and reliable in lateral sinus floor augmentation.