OBJECTIVE To characterize the pathogenic distribution and drug resistance of nosocomial infection occurred in tumor hospital and therefore provide the information in rational administration of antibiotics to tumor patients complicated with infection.METHODS Flora cultivation and isolation were operated with the methods described by the National Clinical Laboratory Operational Regulations.Flora was identified with the VITEK-32 automatic identifier,and bacteria-susceptibility test was operated with Kirby-Bauer method.RESULTS Totally 1280 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated;they comprised 874 strains of G-bacteria and 416 strains of G+ bacteria.In this study,the isolation rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter,Enterobacteriaceae and Klebsiella were 14.92%,14.92%,14.06%,13.91% and 10.47%,respectively;whereas that of Streptococcus Group D and Staphylococcus aureus were 24.06% and 7.70%,respectively.Both E.coli and S.aureus were much resistant to antimicrobial agents tested;while imipenem and vancomycin might be chosen for the G-and G+bacteria infection.CONCLUSIONS The bacterial spectrum and their drug-resistance characteristics in the tumor hospital are quite similar to that encountered in general hospitals.So the information on nosocomial infection control from the latter is of great importance in directing on and carrying out the same job in tumor hospital.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the current status that nosocomial infection constitutes one of the main problems threatening the safety of hospitalized patients and to set the idea that a good practice of hand hygiene will definitely improve the situation.METHODS The published papers and related regulations in this specific field were reviewed.RESULTS The most common way responsible for nosocomial infection was the transmission of pathogens by hands of medical staff;the detection rate of pathogens was as high as 80% in nursing staff hands,which included Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by rates of 25.9%,22.2% and 14.8%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS It is of great importance to control nosocomial infection by realizing and using the hand hygiene knowledge,which is basic,simple,and practicable.

Objectives:To clarify whether the bone mineral density (BMD) differed from normal and whether the mandibular BMD changed with age in young adults with moderate periodontitis. Methods:30 patients (20-35 years old) with moderate adult periodontitis and 30 individuals (20-35 years old) with normal periodontal condition as control group were included in present study. BMD of the mandible was measured using panoramic mandibular index(PMI) from panoramic radiographic film. Results:The sPMI and iPMI value were 0.275 0?0.034 and 0.527 3?0.096 (normal group), 0.223 3?0.024 and 0.367 3?0.069 (periodontitis patients) respectively.The PMI value of periodontitis patients was significantly decreased compared to that of normal group, and showed a significant correlation with age.Conclusions:Moderate periodontitis in young adults seem to be a local disorder associated with relatively low PMI in the jaws. Age-related decrease in mean PMI with increasing age in both normal and periodontitis patients is founded.Dental panoramic radiograph may serve as a simple tool in mandibular BMD defection.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics of septicemia and septic shock in elderly patients with liver disease. Methods Fifty-two patients over 60 years old with liver disease and positive blood culture, admitted form 1999 to 2003, were enrolled for analysis. Results Septic shock was found in 8 patients (15.4%). The course of sepsis was complicated by progressive deterioration of hepatic and renal functions. 18 patients (34.6%) died or left the hospital in a critical condition. 52 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, among which 71.2% were G +germ, 26.9% G -germ and 1.9% fungi. Conclusion Septicemia and septic shock can exacerbate liver disease. Early diagnosis and treatment should be emphasized to lower the mortality.

Objective To evaluate the effects of rHGF on liver regeneration after partial transplantation.Methods The partial orthotopic liver transplanted model was established in SD rats with two-cuff technique. In experimental group, immediate after operation, 500 ?g/kg rHGF was administered intravenously twice a day. Same vehicle of saline was administered as control. The rats were (killed) randomly on the day 1, 2, 4 and 7 after operation. The serum levels of albumin and alanine (aminotransferase) were detected. Each liver was removed and weighed. The expression of Ki-67 antigen was detected by using immunohistochemistry assay. The regeneration response of hepatocytes was evaluated by flow cytometry.Results The wet weigh in rHGF group was significantly larger than that in control group 1, 2 days after transplantation. The serum level of alanine aminotransferase was (lower) and that of albumin was higher in rHGF group than in control group 4, 7 days after operation. The proliferating index and Ki-67 labeling index of graft in rHGF group were higher than in control group.Conclusion rHGF can promote the regeneration of hepatocytes after partial transplantation.

Objective To compare the efficiency of bacteria culture and PCR assays for detection of Staphylococcus aureus ( S.aureus) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P.aeruginosa) and Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K.pneumoniae) in laboratory rats and mice.Methods Bacteria culture combined with biochemical identification and PCR assay were used to detect 78 SPF rats and 422 SPF mice and the results of the two methods were compared .Results All the 78 rats were negative .Of the 422 mice, the positive rate by culture was 7.11%(30/422), of which, 10 were S.aureus, 22 were P.aeruginosa, and 2 were K.pneumoniae.The positive rate by PCR was 7.58%(32/422), of which, 10 were S.aureus, 25 were P. aeruginosa, and 2 were K.pneumoniae.Conclusions The high sensitivity , rapid procedure and easy to operate of PCR assay makes it valuable for rapid bacteria diagnosis and large-scale screening in laboratory animals .

objeetive To consecutively understand the current national clinical testing quality and enforce quality-control of auto-antibody detection.Methods Hospitals or departments were recruited by letters or telephone communications:The autoantibodies examined for quality control survey included anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA),anti-double-stranded DNA (A-dsDNA)antibody,anti-extractable nuclear antigens(A-ENA)antobodies,anti-mitochondria antibody(AMA)/anti-smooth muscle antibody(ASMA),and anti-CCP antibody.Each autoantibody was tested in 3 samples, and altogether 15 samples in total for testing.Sample designation and testing results data analysis were double-blinded.Results Fifltv-five hospitals/departments participated in this survey.The accuracy rates for this survey were 92%,89%,96%,72%respectively for ANA,A-dsDNA,AMA/ASMA,and anti-CCP.Anti-ENAs were further divided into anti-RNP,Sm,SSA,SSB and Scl-70 subgroups,and the accuracy rates were 98%,89%,92%,75%and 77% respectively.Conelusion Compared to the previous 3 national surveys.accuracy rates in our country's autoantibody testing is increaseing steadly with more testing items included each year.This indicats that the quality of auto-antibody testing is improving across the country.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of methotrexate (MTX), leflunomide (LEF) and low-dose MTX and LEF (MTX + LEF) combined treatment for psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods This was a 24 weeks, two-center, open-labeled, controlled trial All subjects fulfilled the moll and wright criteria for definite PsA. Subjects were given one of the 3 regimens, MTX, or LEF, or MTX + LEF. The primary end point was proportion of psoriatic arthritis response criteria(PsARC)response. The secondary end point was proportion of modified 20% improvement of American College of Rheumatolngy (ACR20) response. Results At week 24, the percent of patients achieving PsARC in MTX, LEF and MTX + LEF group were 75.0% ,68. 8% ,83.3% respectively, and the percent of patients achieving ACR20 were 66. 7% ,50. 0% ,83. 3% respectively. At week 24, tender joint counts, swollen joint counts, patient's assessment of pain, patient's global assessment (PGA), physician' s global assessment, health assessment questionnaire(HAQ)were significantly improved compared with base-line values(P <0. 05). At week 24, the improvement of patient's assessment of pain, HAQ, ESR were better in the MTX + LEF group compared with LEF group while the improvement of patient's assessment of pain, PGA, HAQ, ESR were better in the MTX group compared with LEF group (P < 0. 05). The incidence of treatment related adverse events was 38.5%, 38. 9% and 35% in MTX, LEF and MTX + LEF group respectively. There was no serious adverse reactions. Conclusion Low dose MTX + LEF regimen showed similar good efficacy and safety profde for PsA patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of programmed intermittent epidural bolus ( PIEB) for labor analgesia in parturients and the effect on neonates. Methods Two hundred primiparae with a sin?gleton fetus in vertex presentation, who requested labor analgesia, aged 21-36 yr, at 37 to 40 week gesta?tion, with cervical dilatation 1-3 cm, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠ or Ⅱ, were divided into 2 groups ( n=100 each) using a random number table: PIEB group and continuous epi?dural infusion ( CEI) group. PIEB regimens were programmed as 10 ml∕h starting from 1 h after the initial bolus. The programmed bolus dose was fixed at 5 ml with the lock?out interval set at 30 min. The drugs used in the analgesic pump were 0?08% ropivacaine and 0?4μg∕ml sufentanil in both groups. From the on?set of labor analgesia until 1 h after delivery, visual analog scale score was used to evaluate the uterine con?traction pain every hour. The modified Bromage score was used to assess the degree of motor block. The up?per spread of sensory block, total consumption of drugs, the number of attempts, duration of every stage, delivery mode, postpartum hemorrhage volume, and occurrence of adverse reactions ( dyspnea, hypoten?sion, pruritus, nausea, vomiting and urinary retention) were recorded. Apgar scores of the neonates were recorded, and the degree of primiparae′satisfaction with the analgesic efficacy was scored. Results Com?pared with group CEI, visual analog scale scores at T2?5 , the total consumption of drugs and the number of
attempts were significantly decreased, and the satisfaction score was significantly increased in group PIEB ( P<0?05) . The height of sensory block in the thoracic vertebra was significantly higher, and the height of sensory block in the lumbosacral spine was significantly lower in group PIEB than in group CEI ( P<0?05) . There were no significant differences between the two groups in the duration of every stage, delivery mode, postpartum hemorrhage volume, incidence of adverse reactions and Apgar scores of neonates (P>0?05). Conclusion PIEB provides reliable efficacy for labor analgesia in parturients, the degree of primiparae′satisfaction is high without increasing the occurrence of adverse reactions, and it exerts no effect on the neonates.

Objective To compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of the sole local anesthetic ropivacaine with the combination of both local anesthetic ropivacaine and opioidergic analgesic sufen-tanil given epidurally on the labor pain control.Methods After institutional review board approval and patient consent,a total of 481 nulliparas requesting epidural labor analgesia were randomized into two groups:a sole local anesthetic group (0.125% ropivacaine,group R)and a combination of local anesthetic and opioidergic analgesic group (0.125% ropivacaine+0.3 μg/ml sufentanil,group RS). Analgesic efficacy was measured using numerical rating scale (NRS)of pain and maternal visual ana-logue scale (VAS)analgesia satisfaction with regard to the first and the second stage of labor.Anal-gesic safety was measured with the Bromage scale of maternal safety and epidural labor analgesia re-lated side effects,as well as fetal safety including Apgar scoring and umbilical cord artery blood gas a-nalysis.Results A total of 346 participants completed the study,with 1 64 and 182 women in each group R and RS,respectively.The median NRS pain score during the first stage of labor was signifi-cantly lower in the combination group (2.2,IQR:1.8-2.7 )comparing to the sole local analgesic group (2.4,IQR:2-2.8)(P <0.001).No significant difference was observed in NRS pain score dur-ing the second stage of labor.Patients in both groups were rated the same VAS satisfaction of analge-sia.Patients in the sole local analgesic group experienced fewer side effects than those in the combina-tion group (37.7% versus 47.2%,P =0.082).The incidence of 1-min Apgar≤7 was lower in the sole local analgesic group 2 (1.2%) than the combination group 10 (5.5%) (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion The sole local anesthetic ropivacaine produces a comparable labor analgesic effect as the combination of both local anesthetic ropivacaine and opioidergic analgesic sufentanil but the former has less maternal side effects,and less incidence of lower 1-min Apgar scoring.