OBJECTIVE To characterize the pathogenic distribution and drug resistance of nosocomial infection occurred in tumor hospital and therefore provide the information in rational administration of antibiotics to tumor patients complicated with infection.METHODS Flora cultivation and isolation were operated with the methods described by the National Clinical Laboratory Operational Regulations.Flora was identified with the VITEK-32 automatic identifier,and bacteria-susceptibility test was operated with Kirby-Bauer method.RESULTS Totally 1280 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated;they comprised 874 strains of G-bacteria and 416 strains of G+ bacteria.In this study,the isolation rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter,Enterobacteriaceae and Klebsiella were 14.92%,14.92%,14.06%,13.91% and 10.47%,respectively;whereas that of Streptococcus Group D and Staphylococcus aureus were 24.06% and 7.70%,respectively.Both E.coli and S.aureus were much resistant to antimicrobial agents tested;while imipenem and vancomycin might be chosen for the G-and G+bacteria infection.CONCLUSIONS The bacterial spectrum and their drug-resistance characteristics in the tumor hospital are quite similar to that encountered in general hospitals.So the information on nosocomial infection control from the latter is of great importance in directing on and carrying out the same job in tumor hospital.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the current status that nosocomial infection constitutes one of the main problems threatening the safety of hospitalized patients and to set the idea that a good practice of hand hygiene will definitely improve the situation.METHODS The published papers and related regulations in this specific field were reviewed.RESULTS The most common way responsible for nosocomial infection was the transmission of pathogens by hands of medical staff;the detection rate of pathogens was as high as 80% in nursing staff hands,which included Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by rates of 25.9%,22.2% and 14.8%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS It is of great importance to control nosocomial infection by realizing and using the hand hygiene knowledge,which is basic,simple,and practicable.

Objective To evaluate the effects of rHGF on liver regeneration after partial transplantation.Methods The partial orthotopic liver transplanted model was established in SD rats with two-cuff technique. In experimental group, immediate after operation, 500 ?g/kg rHGF was administered intravenously twice a day. Same vehicle of saline was administered as control. The rats were (killed) randomly on the day 1, 2, 4 and 7 after operation. The serum levels of albumin and alanine (aminotransferase) were detected. Each liver was removed and weighed. The expression of Ki-67 antigen was detected by using immunohistochemistry assay. The regeneration response of hepatocytes was evaluated by flow cytometry.Results The wet weigh in rHGF group was significantly larger than that in control group 1, 2 days after transplantation. The serum level of alanine aminotransferase was (lower) and that of albumin was higher in rHGF group than in control group 4, 7 days after operation. The proliferating index and Ki-67 labeling index of graft in rHGF group were higher than in control group.Conclusion rHGF can promote the regeneration of hepatocytes after partial transplantation.

Objectives:To clarify whether the bone mineral density (BMD) differed from normal and whether the mandibular BMD changed with age in young adults with moderate periodontitis. Methods:30 patients (20-35 years old) with moderate adult periodontitis and 30 individuals (20-35 years old) with normal periodontal condition as control group were included in present study. BMD of the mandible was measured using panoramic mandibular index(PMI) from panoramic radiographic film. Results:The sPMI and iPMI value were 0.275 0?0.034 and 0.527 3?0.096 (normal group), 0.223 3?0.024 and 0.367 3?0.069 (periodontitis patients) respectively.The PMI value of periodontitis patients was significantly decreased compared to that of normal group, and showed a significant correlation with age.Conclusions:Moderate periodontitis in young adults seem to be a local disorder associated with relatively low PMI in the jaws. Age-related decrease in mean PMI with increasing age in both normal and periodontitis patients is founded.Dental panoramic radiograph may serve as a simple tool in mandibular BMD defection.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics of septicemia and septic shock in elderly patients with liver disease. Methods Fifty-two patients over 60 years old with liver disease and positive blood culture, admitted form 1999 to 2003, were enrolled for analysis. Results Septic shock was found in 8 patients (15.4%). The course of sepsis was complicated by progressive deterioration of hepatic and renal functions. 18 patients (34.6%) died or left the hospital in a critical condition. 52 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, among which 71.2% were G +germ, 26.9% G -germ and 1.9% fungi. Conclusion Septicemia and septic shock can exacerbate liver disease. Early diagnosis and treatment should be emphasized to lower the mortality.

Objective To compare the efficiency of bacteria culture and PCR assays for detection of Staphylococcus aureus ( S.aureus) , Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P.aeruginosa) and Klebsiella pneumoniae ( K.pneumoniae) in laboratory rats and mice.Methods Bacteria culture combined with biochemical identification and PCR assay were used to detect 78 SPF rats and 422 SPF mice and the results of the two methods were compared .Results All the 78 rats were negative .Of the 422 mice, the positive rate by culture was 7.11%(30/422), of which, 10 were S.aureus, 22 were P.aeruginosa, and 2 were K.pneumoniae.The positive rate by PCR was 7.58%(32/422), of which, 10 were S.aureus, 25 were P. aeruginosa, and 2 were K.pneumoniae.Conclusions The high sensitivity , rapid procedure and easy to operate of PCR assay makes it valuable for rapid bacteria diagnosis and large-scale screening in laboratory animals .

Objective To explore the technique of allocation and rebuilt of vessels of donor pancreas during pancreas-kidney transplantation.Methods Multiple abdominal organs were successfully retrieved from 40 donors.Results Excision of donor abdominal organs was successful in all the 40 cases.The average warm ischemic time was no 3.2 min,ranging from 2 min to 5 min.No injury occurred in any of the donor organs or vessels.After transplantation,2 patients lost the transplant,one because of abdominal infection,and the other because of venous thrombosis.Conclusion A good trim or rebuilt of donor pancreas vessels is one of the key points for successful combined pancreas-kidney transplantation.

Objective To explore the technology of excision,and finishing on donative pancreas during combined pancreas-kidney transplantation.Methods We successfully harvested multiple abdominal organs together on 40 cases.Wide surgical exposure was obtained.Cannulas were placed for in situ cooling in portal vein and abdominal aorta,and flushed with HC-A (2000 ml) and UW (1000 ml) with the pressure being 10 cm H2O.The intestine was flushed with 0～4 ( normal saline (1000 ml) and metronidazole (200 ml),the liver,kidney,pancreas,spleen and duodenum were en bloc excised and isolated,and the pancreas and kidney were pruned.Results Excision of donative abdominal organ was successfully performed on all 40 cases.The en bloc warm ischemic time was 3.2 min (2～5 min).The cold ischemic time of pancreas was 10.6 h (8～15 h).The cold ischemic time of kidney was 8.5 h (4～16 h).Post-operation mean withdrawal-insulin time was 9.5 days (4～17 d),FFG 6.7 μmol/L (4.4～10.7 μmol/L),GHbA1c 4.4 ％ (4.1 ％～4.7 ％).Creatine was 87.2 (56～121) μmol/L one month after operation.There were 2 cases of DGF after operation,and the creatine level was returned to the normal within one month after operation.Conclusion Technology of excision,preservation and finishing on donative pancreas for combined pancreas-kidney transplantation was one of the key points for successful transplantation.

objeetive To consecutively understand the current national clinical testing quality and enforce quality-control of auto-antibody detection.Methods Hospitals or departments were recruited by letters or telephone communications:The autoantibodies examined for quality control survey included anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA),anti-double-stranded DNA (A-dsDNA)antibody,anti-extractable nuclear antigens(A-ENA)antobodies,anti-mitochondria antibody(AMA)/anti-smooth muscle antibody(ASMA),and anti-CCP antibody.Each autoantibody was tested in 3 samples, and altogether 15 samples in total for testing.Sample designation and testing results data analysis were double-blinded.Results Fifltv-five hospitals/departments participated in this survey.The accuracy rates for this survey were 92%,89%,96%,72%respectively for ANA,A-dsDNA,AMA/ASMA,and anti-CCP.Anti-ENAs were further divided into anti-RNP,Sm,SSA,SSB and Scl-70 subgroups,and the accuracy rates were 98%,89%,92%,75%and 77% respectively.Conelusion Compared to the previous 3 national surveys.accuracy rates in our country's autoantibody testing is increaseing steadly with more testing items included each year.This indicats that the quality of auto-antibody testing is improving across the country.

BACKGROUND:Static compressure effect between the fracture fragments was generated by fixation itself (tension band wire and screw), but dynamic compression effects were generated during flexion. Mechanical strength and stability of patel ar fracture fixation have obvious advantages. However, there are lacks of quantitative comparative studies on static and dynamic compression effects of these fixation methods.
OBJECTIVE:To observe strength changes and clinical significance of static and dynamic compression using four fixation techniques.
METHODS:Standardized transverse patel ar fracture models were created with fresh cow patel as. The patel as were randomly divided into four groups:fixation was accomplished with modified tension band wiring (wire group);modified tension band with braided cable (cable group);interfragmentary screws (screw group);cannulated screw tension band with wire (cannulated screw group). Before fracture fixation, Fuji pressure-sensitive film was laid among fracture fragments to measure the pressure among fracture fragments after fixation, i.e., static and dynamic compression. Model of each group was measured as fol ows:(1) after fixation, the fixation was removed, and the Fuji pressure-sensitive film was taken out;(2) after fixation, material testing machine was used. Samples underwent a three-point bending test with a 5 000 N load, simulating dynamic compression during knee flexion. Subsequently, Fuji pressure-sensitive film was taken out. Each Fuji pressure-sensitive film was tested using prescale FPD-8010E software. Thus, average pressure among broken bone ends was obtained, and statistical analysis was performed. Static and dynamic compression among broken bone ends was compared in each group.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Average static compression was significantly lower in the wire group than in the cable group, screw group and cannulated screw group (P<0.05). Under 5 000 N load of dynamic compression, similar compression among broken bone ends was visible among wire group and cable group, screw group and cannulated screw group (P>0.05). Dynamic compression was higher than static compression in the wire group (P<0.05). Results verified that compared with modified tension band wire fixation technique, cable or screw could evidently increase static compression among broken bone ends, but simultaneously weaken dynamic compression among broken bone ends.