BACKGROUND: Excessive residue of dental calculus and dental plaque and scratch of Instruments on dental root surface will cause rough root surface, which will accelerate accumulation of dental calculus and dental plaque. Improved scaling can solve this problem, but the operation of ultrasonic subgingival scaling is not regular by some clinical physicians.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect on the root surfaces and the work efficacy following ultrasonic subgingival scaling with different output power and different parts of work tip.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The comparison observational study was performed at the Laboratory of Medical College of Qingdao University from March to May 2009.MATERIALS: Twenty root surfaces from ten teeth extracted for severe periodontal diseases were selected, and the volume of dental calculus was basically equal. Ex vivo teeth were obtained from two male patients aged 40-50 years.METHODS: Twenty root surfaces were randomly divided into group A or group B, the high power was set as "3" gear (group A), and the low power was set as "1" gear (group B), using the side (group A1 and B1) and the top (group A2 and B2) of work tip. The time for scaling was recorded and the surface feature of all the specimens was observed under scanning electron microscope(SEM).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in root surface structure were observed.RESULTS: The damage of root surfaces in groups A1 and B1 was less severe, while more in groups A2 and B2. There were less calculus and plaque residual on root surfaces in group A than in group B. Cementum exfoliation was observed in group A but not in group B. The operating time of group A was significantly shorter than that of group B (P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between groups A1 and A2 or groups B1 and B2 (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: Calculus and plaque can be cleaned more effectively and the damage is less severe by using the side of work tip. Although the calculus can be cleaned more rapidly by using higher power set, the damage is more severe.

Objective: To understand the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma researches in worldwide, and to study the development feasibility of professional journal on nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods: The literatures on nasopharyngeal carcinoma were systematically retrieved from databases of SCI (Science Citation Index) from 1999 to 2012, and the data of publishing time, journal title, article type, language, research area, first author, correspondence author, district, and fund, etc were collected and bibliometricly analyzed.Results: An increasing trend of paper publication was detected, corresponding with linear and exponential growth pattern. Journal distribution was accordance with Brad Ford’s law; the literatures of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were assembling and parting distribution. The first author distribution conformed to Lotka’s law; whereas, the correspondence author distribution did not. Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan occupied an important position in respect of first author, correspondence author and fund.Conclusion: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma study needs professional journals bearing a larger number of scientific research achievements, and journals run in China, where the Nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidences was reported the highest in the world, may promote the development of this subject.

Objective To compare the clinical and follow-up results of different ways of operation for the treatment of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma ,and to explore its e key technology and related prognosis .Methods 31 out of 50 patients with biliary and partial liver resection(control group) ,19 patients with hemihepatectomy (observation group) .Radical resection rate and surviv-al rate were compared in the two groups .Results radical resection rate control group and observation group was 35 .48% (11/31) and 68 .42% (13/19) ,the difference was statistically significant (P=0 .014);the difference of 1 ,3 ,5 year survival rates between the two groups were statistically significant (P= 0 .03) ,observation group :85 .4% ,58 .6% ,32 .2% ,control group:86 .1% ,65 .2% , 20 .0% .Conclusion Radical resection is still the most important measures the patients for cure and long-term survival ,radical re-section rate ,survival rate ,and prognosis could be improved greatly by improving operation skills and experience accumulation ,com-bined with hepatectomy .

BACKGROUND: There are many methods for posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction, which is involved in many graft materials, but few studies aim to compare the differences in outcomes of different grafts for PCL reconstruction. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical results of arthroscopic PLC reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone (B-PT-B) autograft, B-TP-B allograft and semitendinosus tendon autograft. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A retrospective case analysis was completed in the Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Area Military Command of Chinese PLA from January 2000 to September 2005. MATERIALS: Totally 76 patients underwent arthroscopic PLC reconstruction from January 2000 to September 2005, with the use of B-TP-B autograft in 21 patients, B-TP-B allograft in 27 patients, semitendinosus tendon autograft in 28 patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in 76 patients underwent arthroscopic PCL reconstruction, with the use of B-TP-B autograft in 21 patients, B-TP-B allograft in 27 patients, semitendinosus tendon autograft in 28 patients. Postoperative body temperature was examined duration hospitalization. The follow-up parameters included International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, Lysholm knee joint scores, and KT-1000 evaluation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Range of motion. ②joint stability: posterior draw test and KT-1000 test. ③overall function of knee: IKDC scores and Lysholm scores; ④complications and side effect. RESULTS: The time of follow-up visit was 26-79 months. Differences were no statistically significant among the IKDC scores, Lysholm scores, KT-1000 side-side difference, the positive rate of posterior draw test in three groups of patients with PCL reconstruction using B-TP-B autograft, B-TP-B allograft and semitendinosus tendon graft (P > 0.05); 10° flexion limitation was found in 3 cases of B-TP-B autograft, 5° flexion limitation in 1 case of B-TP-B allograft and flexion limitation in 2 case of semitendinosus tendon graft. There was no significant difference in the ratio of knee joint flexion limitation among three groups. No synarthrophysis, wound infection, implant disrupture, screw loose, patellar fracture or vascular nerve injury was observed in three groups of patients; There were 12 cases presenting anterior knee pain in the B-TP-B autograft group and 5 cases presenting posterior knee pain in the semitendinosus tendon graft group. The difference of peal-knee pain incidence was statistically significant among three groups (P=0), the highest in B-TP-B autograft group, then semitendinosus tendon graft group and the lowest in B-TP-B allograft group. The time of post-operative fever in B-TP-B autograft group was earlier than that in the B-TP-B allograft and semitendinosus tendon graft groups (P=0). There was no significant difference between allogreft group and semitendinosus tendon autograft group (P=0.844). The rejections appeared in 4 cases of B-TP-B allograft with the manifestations of the sustained jam-like liquid outflow from tibial tunnel. After dressing, hormones or indomethacln, the rejection was healed. CONCLUSION: The arthroscopic B-TP-B autograft, B-TP-B autograft and semitendinosus tendon autograft have the same clinical curative effect in PCL reconstruction.

Objective To investigate the associated effect of 125I implantation plus chemotherapy in local recurrent stage Ⅲ NSCLC patients.Methods From January 2006 to January 2009,34 patients documented with local recurrent stage Ⅲ NSCLC were divided into two groups by random number table.The treatment group was treated with 125I permanent implantation combined with DP regimen (docetaxel 60 mg/m2 + cisplatinum 75 mg/m2),while the control group received only DP chemotherapy.According to the TPS,the treatment group received CT-guided percutaneous implantation of 125 I seeds with a particle activity of 2.22 ×107-2.59 × 107 Bq.The prescribed dose was in the range of 90-110 Gy and the postoperatively matched peripheral dose (mPD) and D9o were verified by TPS.The control group received a DP chemotherapy regime for 4 cycles after the procedure.This study was approved by the ethics committee,and all patients signed informed consents.The follow up time was up to disease progression.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to describe the local lesion control (LLC) time and progression free survival (PFS).Log-rank test was used in the comparison of the survival rates between the two groups.Fisher's exact test was used to analyze the differences of CR rate and recent efficiency between two groups.Results In the treatment group,postoperative mPD was 93.9-130.4 (M 116.7) Gy,and D90 was 103.6-148.2 (M 130.6) Gy.The LLC time was 4.7 to 24.0 months with a median of 11.6 (95％ CI:8.7-14.6) months.In two cases,there was no recurrence during the follow-up time of 24 months.PFS was 4.7 to 24.0 months with a median of 10.5 (95％ CI:7.4-13.6) months.The recent effective rate of the treatment group was 64.7％ (11/17).CR,PR,SD and PD were 41.2％ (7/17),23.5％ (4/17),23.5％ (4/17) and 11.8％ (2/17),respectively.In the control group,the LLC time was 4.5 to 11.4 months with a median of 7.5 (95 ％ CI:6.7-8.3) months,and the median of PFS was 6.5 (4.5-10.5) (95％ CI:5.7-8.3) months.The response rate,CR,PR,SD and PD were 41.2％ (7/17),5.9％ (1/17),35.3％ (6/17),35.3 ％ (6/17) and 23.5％ (4/17),respectively.There was no statistical significance of the recent effective rate between the treatment group and control group (P =0.30),but the LLC time (x2 =8.40,P ＜ 0.01),the median of PFS time (x2 =6.27,P ＜ 0.05) and CR (P =0.04) of the treatment group were all significantly higher than those of the control group.Concltusion The implantation of 125I seeds combined with chemotherapy for recurring stage Ⅲ NSCLC patients is safe and effective,and its efficacy is superior to the second line chemotherapy alone.

OBJECTIVETo explore the maintenance effects of acupoint catgut embedding at early time on gastrointestinal function in patients with craniocerebral injury.

METHODSSixty craniocerebral injury patients with 5 to 12 points of Glasgow coma scale (GCS), according to treatment order, were alternately divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. Patients in the control group were treated with regular treatment and nursing care. Based on this, patients in the observation group, according to different pathogenesis and symptoms presented within 24 h into hospitalization, were additionally treated with acupoint catgut embedding. The recovery time of borborygmus, time of first anal aerofluxus, time of first defecation, abdominal pressure at different time points, the occurrence rate of complications (upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, diarrhea, vomiting), time of enteral nutrition tolerance rate reaching 30 kcal/kg x d were observed and recorded.

RESULTSThe recovery time of borborygmus, time of first anal aerofluxus, time of first defecation and time of enteral nutrition tolerance rate reaching 30 kcal/kg x d in the observation group were all earlier to those in the control group (all P<0.01). At 48 h, 4 d and 7 d into hospitalization, the abdominal pressures in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group [(11.10 +/- 1.47) mmHg vs. (13.50 +/- 1.43) mmHg, (8.40 +/- 1.25) mmHg vs. (11.90 +/- 1.56) mmHg, (6.73 +/- 0.74) mmHg vs. (10.80 +/- 1.30) mmHg, all P<0.01]. There were 8 cases with complications of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, diarrhea and vomiting in the observation group with the occurrence rate o 27% (8/30), which was lower than those in the control group (70.0% (21/30), P<0.01.

CONCLUSIONThe acupoint catgut embedding at early time in craniocerebral injury patients could improve the recovery of gastrointestinal function, reduce intolerance of enteral nutrition and occurrence rate of various complications.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Catgut ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the expression of Dickkopf-3 (Dkk-3) in esophageal cancer and normal esophageal tissue and the relationship between Dkk-3 expression and the biological behaveior of esophageal cancer. Methods Immunohistochemical method of S-P was used to examine Dkk-3 expression in 69 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 5 cases of normal esophageal tissue with non-tumor tissue microarray and the results were analyzed and correlated with their clinical and pathological features. Results Positive Dkk-3 expression was observed in 65.7% (44/67) of the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases, but only one of the five cases with normal esophageal tissue showed positive microvascular expression of Dkk-3. In cases with positive expression of Dkk-3 significant differences were found in fiber membrane infiltration, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM staging (P < 0. 05), while no significant differences were found in the age, gender and pathological grading (P > 0. 05). Conclusions The upregnlation of Dkk-3 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma may contribute to tumor invasion and metastasis.

Objective To discuss hemodynamic and electrolyte changes associated with irrigation fluid absorption during percutaneous nephrolithotripsy(PCNL). Methods Eithty nine upper urinary tract lithiasis patients underwent PCNL assisted with pressure irrigation. Sixty five cases were with renal calculi and 24 cases were with ureteral calculi. There were 62 males and 27 females. Nor mal saline was used as irrigation fluid. Heart rate(HR),central venous pressure(CVP),cardiac out put(CO),stroke volume(SV),systemic vascular resistance(SVR),thoracic fluid content(TFC) wererecorded before operation and every 30 min during irrigation. Serum Na+,K+,CI ,Ph,BE weredetected before and after irrigation. One way ANOVA,linear correlation and paired t test were usedas statistic analysis. Results The mean irrigation time was 105 min. Mean irrigation fluid volumewas 18 391 ml and mean irrigation velocity was 174.46 ml/min. HR,CO,SV,SVR and blood Na+ ,K+,C1 did not change significantly during and after irrigation. CVP and TFC significantly increasedduring irrigation. The increasing of CVP and TFC were correlated with irrigation time, volume andvelocity. CVP and TFC increased rapidly in 5 patients with calyx laceration and recovered after diuret ic injection. No serious complication was detected. Conclusions Irrigation fluid absorption is observed during PCNL with pressure irrigation. Generally, no significant changes in hemodynamic andelectrolyte balance are found in patients with normal cardiac and renal function.

Objective To investigate the clinical results of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction by double bundle-double tunnel Y-shape of the anterior tibialis tendon allograft. Methods From March 2001 to January 2008, 47 patients underwent PCL reconstruction were included. The allogeneic adult anterior tibialis tendon was prepared into the Y-shape double bundles with the length of 130 mm; A bundle was defined as A-side; B-side was two short bundle (B1, B2 bundle). A bundle was 70 mm in length with a diameter of 10-12 mm. B1 bundle (anterolateral bundle) was 55 mm long with a diameter of 6 mm; B2 bundle(posteromedial bundle) was about 50 mm with a diameter of 6 mm. The allograft ligament was installed through the antero-medial approach. Absorbable interface screws were fixed in the tibial tunnel firstly, and then in the femoral tundles. When being fixed, anterolateral bundle was in flexion of 90°, postero-medial bundle was in 30°. Assisted exercise with knee an angle-locked walking aid had continued for 8-10 weeks. Results The average operating time were 45 min. The average follow-up time was 49.5 months. Preoperative Lachmann was positive in all cases while Lachmann was negative in 39 cases, weakly positive in 5 cases, and positive in 4 cases postoperatively. Post-operative KT-1000 testing, Lysholm score and Tegner activity levels has improved significantly compare with the pre-operative ones. Conclusion The double folded bundles of adult anterior tibialis tendon has sufficient length and diameter for posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with power tension. The methods of ligament passing through the tunnel has improved to ease the procedure.

Objective To summarize the clinical features,treatment and prognosis of infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma(IHHE) combined with congestive heart failure(CHF) in children.Methods A retrospective analysis was made with the clinical data from 4 children with IHHE combined with CHF in Department of Pediatric Cardiology,Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center of Guangzhou Medical University from May 2013 to December 2015.Results Among 4 infants,there were 3 male and 1 female,mean aged of 109 days (21-219 days),the average weight of 4 350 g (2 750-6 500 g),and 1 case was admitted because of abdominal swelling and respiratory distress,1 case of abdominal swelling,jaundice,shortness of breath admission,1 case of fever and shortness of breath admission,and 1 case of cyanosis and shortness of breath admission.Two patients were associated with hemangioma and Kasabach-Merritt syndrome.Three cases had multiple liver hemangioma scattered in the left lobe and right lobe of the liver,and 1 case had solitary liver hemangioma scattered in the right lobe.Tumor size diameters were ranged from 2-10 mm.Four children had been used Prednisone [1-2 mg/(kg · d)] and Digoxin,Dopamine,Furosemide,Spironolactone.Two cases responsed well to the therapy and were followed up for 2 years or 1 year and 6 months respectively,whose heart size,heart function and pulmonary hypertension became normal.One case with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome responsed poorly to the therapy.Two cases experienced transcatheter hepatic arteriovenous fistula embolization by using coil occlusion of hepatic artery-venous fistula.The postoperative hepatic tumor volume was significantly decreased,and the heart function was improved.One patient was followed up for 1 year and 6 months,and the heart size,pulmonary hypertension and heart function returned to normal.One case was still under follow-up.One case with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome died from heart failure and severe infection before surgery.The mortality rate was 25％ (1/4 cases).Conclusions IHHE is a rare cause of CHF in children.If heart failure is found unexplained in children,abdominal ultrasound or CT examination should be done immediatey in order to confirm the presence or absence of IHHE.The mortality rate in IHHE associated with CHF is very high.Early identification,early intervention,especially Prednisone combined with transcatheter hepatic arteriovenous fistula embolization can significantly improve heart function,reduce the mortality and improve the prognosis of IHHE associated with CHF in children.