OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for analyzing the volatile constituents of different parts(root,stem and leaf)of Mentha haplocalyx. METHODS:HS-GC-MS was performed. GC conditions:the column was HP-5MS capillary quartz column, carrier gas was He (constant current mode),flow rate was 1.0 ml/min,volume injection was 1.0 μl,inlet was split mode with split ratio of 10∶1,temperature was 250 ℃(temperature programmed). MS conditions:ionization source was electron bombard-ment,energy was 1 905 V,temperature was 230 ℃,quadrupole temperature was 150 ℃,and the scanning range was m/z 30-550. RESULTS:Totally 10,14 and 48 volatile components were identified from the root,stem and leaf,which accounted for 90.03%, 92.79% and 95.93% of the capacity of the total essential oil from each part of it. And totally 51 volatile compounds was identified, including 7 kinds that shared the same chemical components that regard the piperitone oxide as the main ingredient. CONCLU-SIONS:The method is simple,stable and reproducible,and can be used for the analysis of volatile components of different parts of M. haplocalyx. The volatile components in different parts are quite different,and most is in the leaf.

Objective To explore hospice home care method of dying children.Methods In 58 cases of dying children at home were given personalized hospice care plan,then the questionnaire were adopted to investigate the related indexes and the results were analyzed.Results In home hospice care,parents had a high recognition and satisfaction to children's pain management and symptom care.The parents with different education background had significant difference in recognition extent of psychological support,games support and death education.The parents anxiety and depression mood got effective mitigation through hospice home care of dying children.Conclusions Implementation of personalized home hospice care can increase life quality of dying children and improve adverse mood of their parents.

BACKGROUND:Biliary stent is widely used in different biliary tract surgeries, and there are some defects in the use of biliary stent. OBJECTIVE:To explore the biodegradability and compatibility of polylactide/glycolide biliary stent. METHODS:The polylactide/glycolide biliary stent was prepared, and immersed in the bile. At 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks after soaking, eight experimental stents were dried and placed under the scanning electron microscope. In the sterile condition, the stent was implanted under the rat skin. At 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks after implantation, two rats were sacrificed. The stent was taken out. The appearance of the stent and muscle structure of experimental animals was observed. The gross appearance of stent was observed at different time by scanning electron microscopy. The rate of degradation was calculated. The muscle structure of experimental animal and the stent were understood. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 1 week, stent shape remained almost intact, but the texture became soft;surface roughness and cracks gradual y appeared;stent wal col apse was visible. The stent was completely degraded at 5 weeks. Before degradation, the stent presented clear three-dimensional reticular structure observed by scanning electron microscopy. With the time extended, the stent surface and section corrosion became worsened. By gel permeation chromatography detection, at 1 week of implantation, the molecular mass of the stent declined rapidly, and then gradual y declined. At 2 weeks, the relative molecular mass decreased to 15 000. At 4 weeks, stent mass loss was approximately 40%. Al the experimental animals were survived, no poisoning, al ergy or heat source response. The operative wound was healed wel , and no infection occurred. By histological observation, at 5 weeks, the stent was completely degraded, with a degradation rate of 100%. Surrounding muscles recovered to a normal state. These results indicate that the polylactide/glycolide biliary stent has good degradation in vitro and biocompatibility.

Objective This paper investigated and analyzed medical service of clinical pathway which carries out during five tertiary hospitals from August 2010 to August 2011 in order to understand the weight of high quality nursing care in the clinical pathway and satisfaction for hospitalized patients.Methods 959 hospitalized patients were investigated by way of questionnaire survey,561 in CP wards and 398 in non-CP wards.Some influential data were statistically analyzed using SPSS17.0 statistical software.Results High quality nursing care in clinical pathway possessed a higher proportion of the actual weight.It had positive func-tion for improvement of the satisfaction degree of hospitalized patients.Conclusions It is an impor-tant way for continuous improvement of medical service by carrying out the clinical pathway combined with high quality nursing demonstration project.

The rebleeding rate,morbidity and mortality of the ruptured intracranial aneurysms are very high.Early treatment is very important to reduce the rebleeding rate.However,there are still a lot of controversies for its indications.The early treatment modalities of the ruptured intracranial aneurysms are mainly including craniotomy and interventional treatment.This article reviews the indications of early treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms and the selection of treatment modalities.

BACKGROUND: There are a lot of immunologic studies about limb allotransplantation in animal experiment. But, it is only early investigation in clinic; its clinical immunologic study needs further accumulation.OBJECTIVE: To dynamically analyze the early immunologic state change in patients following hand allotransplantation.DESIGN: Controlled trial.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou General Hospital,Guangzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA; Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, First Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Two patients who underwent unilateral hand allotransplantation in the Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou General Hospital,Guangzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA were enrolled, serving as experimental group. The observation was between September 1999 and March 2000. Twenty persons, including 12 male and 8 female, who homochronously received health examination, aged 20 to 45 years, were enrolled, serving as healthy control group. They all had no reactive immune and infectious diseases, and voluntarily participated in the trial.METHODS: Peripheral blood was collected from 2 patients who underwent hand allotransplantation once respectively at pre-operative 1 day and 3 days. Blood collecting was performed once per day at post-operative 1 week, three times per week at post-operative 2 to 4 weeks, twice per week at 5 to 8 weeks post-operation, once per week at 9 to 16 weeks post-operation, twice per month at 5 to 6 months post-operation. ① Peripheral blood T cell subgroups (CD3+,CD4+,CD8+T cells)were detected by flow cytometer,serum panel reactive antibody (PRA) by ELISA method, serum C-reactive protein by turbidimetric immanoassay (TIA), serum creatine kinase (CK) by enzyme dynamics method. ②Mixed lymphocyte reaction(MLR): mitomycin C-treated donor peripheral blood lymphocytes were used as stimulator, and proliferative reaction of peripheral blood lymphocyte of patients to donor transplanted antigen was detected with the incorporation of 3H-TDR method (Negative: There was no significant difference between the mean value of stimulation index and 1, conversely positive). Autogenic peripheral blood lymphocytes treated with the same way replaced donor stimulator, serving as control. Stimulation index of each specimen was calculated (Stimulation index=Experiment cmp/controlcpm), serving as control index. Peripheral blood T-cell subgroups (CD3+,CD4+,CD8+T cell), serum PRA, C-reactive protein and CK were detected in 20 persons in healthy control group;Twenty persons were randomly divided into 10 groups. Two persons in each group were used as donor and recipient mutually and performed MLR.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Peripheral blood T cell subgrpups (CD3+,CD4+,CD8+T cell). ②PRA. ③ C-reactive protein. ④CK. ⑤MLR.RESULTS: ①CD3+,CD4+,CD8+T cell levels were obviously decreased within one week after operation. CD3+ and CD4+T cell levels both recovered to be the pre-operative levels, but CD8+ level exceeded pre-operative level significantly [CD3+: (66.43±4.56); CD4+: (30.55±3.94); CD8 +:(33.45 ±2.69)]. There was no significant difference between experiment group and control group. ②Serum PRA was 0 to 10%, there was no significant difference as compared with control group. ③ Serum C-reactive protein was 0 to 0.359 mg/L, there was no significant difference as compared with control group. ④ Serum CK was 25 to 170 mmol/L, and there was no significant difference as compared with control group. ⑤ MLR after transplantation was negative, and it turned into be positive 5 months later.They were all positive in control group.CONCLUSION: Short-term change and long-term redistribution of T cell subgroups are closely related to immunosuppressive agent, suggesting that immunosuppressive agent has obvious effect on T-cell subgroup following hand allotransplantation. Immuno-induction schedule make patients be in immune suppression state, which effectively avoid early rejection. But patients cannot bear specificity yet; they need the inhibition of immunosuppressive agents.

Objective To study the effect of serum leptin in “two hits” of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods Fasting serum leptin(LEP) ,malondialdehyde(MDA) ,hyaluronic- acid(HA) ,type Ⅲ procollagen ( PCⅢ), laminin ( LN), and type Ⅳ collagen ( Ⅳ-C ) were detected in 43 simple nonalcoholic fatty liver( NAFL ) patients ,41 NASH patients and 40 healthy subjects. Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA value and its relatio nship with leptin level in NAFLD was analyzed. The severity of lipid peroxidation was estimated by MDA and its relationship with leptin level in NAFLD was analyzed. The relationship of serum fibrosis markers with leptin level in NAFLD also was analyzed. Results Serum leptin, HOMA value in NAFLD were higher than those of healthy controis. MDA,PC Ⅲ 、Ⅳ-C 、LN 、HA in NASH were higher than those of healthy controls or simple NAFL patients. ,HOMA value, in NAFLD positively correlated with leptin. MDA, PC Ⅲ、 Ⅳ-C 、LN、HA in NASH positively correlated with leptin. Conclusion Serum leptin closely correlated with insulin resistance which results in “First hit” of NAFLD. There was certain relationship of leptin with “Second hit” of NAFLD. Leptin should be one of the factors which result in liver fibrosis.

Objective To discuss hemodynamic and electrolyte changes associated with irrigation fluid absorption during percutaneous nephrolithotripsy(PCNL). Methods Eithty nine upper urinary tract lithiasis patients underwent PCNL assisted with pressure irrigation. Sixty five cases were with renal calculi and 24 cases were with ureteral calculi. There were 62 males and 27 females. Nor mal saline was used as irrigation fluid. Heart rate(HR),central venous pressure(CVP),cardiac out put(CO),stroke volume(SV),systemic vascular resistance(SVR),thoracic fluid content(TFC) wererecorded before operation and every 30 min during irrigation. Serum Na+,K+,CI ,Ph,BE weredetected before and after irrigation. One way ANOVA,linear correlation and paired t test were usedas statistic analysis. Results The mean irrigation time was 105 min. Mean irrigation fluid volumewas 18 391 ml and mean irrigation velocity was 174.46 ml/min. HR,CO,SV,SVR and blood Na+ ,K+,C1 did not change significantly during and after irrigation. CVP and TFC significantly increasedduring irrigation. The increasing of CVP and TFC were correlated with irrigation time, volume andvelocity. CVP and TFC increased rapidly in 5 patients with calyx laceration and recovered after diuret ic injection. No serious complication was detected. Conclusions Irrigation fluid absorption is observed during PCNL with pressure irrigation. Generally, no significant changes in hemodynamic andelectrolyte balance are found in patients with normal cardiac and renal function.

BACKGROUND:Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to multiple sclerosis (MS) is a new developed treatment to be given more and more attention.However,whether the MSCs function by cell replacement after going cross the blood-brain barricr or immune suppression needs further confirmation.OBJECTIVE:To establish a steady and effective method of Y chromosome in situ hybridization (ISH) and to detect the distribution of MSCs in a mouse model with MS.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The observational study was performed at the Laboratory of Molecular Immunology,Institute of Healthy Science from September 2007 to February 2009.MATERIALS:A total of 30 C57BL/6 mice,aged 6-8 weeks and weighing 15-20 g,were selected.Female mice were used to establish experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).METHODS:Y chromosme specific DNA probe labled with digoxine (DIG) was designed and ISH was performed to confirm that the designed probe was Y chromosome specific and biologically sensitive.We transplanted the MSCs from male mice into the female EAE mice,and tracked the MSCs by Y chromosome ISH.MAIN OUTCOME MEASRUES:Distribution of MSCs in mice with EAE was observed under the optical and fluorescence microscope.RESULTS:The probe was confirmed to be Y chromosome specific and biologically sensitive.What's more,a steady and effective method of ISH was established.Some MSCs were detected in the periphery organs-spleen and lymph node of mice with EAE;seldom in spinal cord which indicated that MSCs might play its roles by immune suppression.CONCLUSION:Some MSCs were detected in the periphery organs-spleen and lymph node of mice with EAE,but seldom in spinal cord in the central nervous system.

OBJECTIVETo explore the maintenance effects of acupoint catgut embedding at early time on gastrointestinal function in patients with craniocerebral injury.

METHODSSixty craniocerebral injury patients with 5 to 12 points of Glasgow coma scale (GCS), according to treatment order, were alternately divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. Patients in the control group were treated with regular treatment and nursing care. Based on this, patients in the observation group, according to different pathogenesis and symptoms presented within 24 h into hospitalization, were additionally treated with acupoint catgut embedding. The recovery time of borborygmus, time of first anal aerofluxus, time of first defecation, abdominal pressure at different time points, the occurrence rate of complications (upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, diarrhea, vomiting), time of enteral nutrition tolerance rate reaching 30 kcal/kg x d were observed and recorded.

RESULTSThe recovery time of borborygmus, time of first anal aerofluxus, time of first defecation and time of enteral nutrition tolerance rate reaching 30 kcal/kg x d in the observation group were all earlier to those in the control group (all P<0.01). At 48 h, 4 d and 7 d into hospitalization, the abdominal pressures in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group [(11.10 +/- 1.47) mmHg vs. (13.50 +/- 1.43) mmHg, (8.40 +/- 1.25) mmHg vs. (11.90 +/- 1.56) mmHg, (6.73 +/- 0.74) mmHg vs. (10.80 +/- 1.30) mmHg, all P<0.01]. There were 8 cases with complications of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, diarrhea and vomiting in the observation group with the occurrence rate o 27% (8/30), which was lower than those in the control group (70.0% (21/30), P<0.01.

CONCLUSIONThe acupoint catgut embedding at early time in craniocerebral injury patients could improve the recovery of gastrointestinal function, reduce intolerance of enteral nutrition and occurrence rate of various complications.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Catgut ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult