膀胱癌是泌尿系统器官中最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，其病因及发病机制尚不十分清楚，且其具有发病率高、恶性程度高 以及术后易复发等特点，因此对其病因、发生发展的具体分子机制的研究及阐明，将有力地促进膀胱癌的诊断及治疗。长链非编 码RNA（long non-coding RNA，lncRNA）是细胞中一类转录本长度超过200个核苷酸的非编码RNA分子， 占RNA总量的98%。 lncRNA具有与mRNA相似的结构，经过转录后加工，也具有polyA尾巴和启动子结构，但是由于序列中缺少开放阅读框，而不参 与或很少参与蛋白质编码。近年来，随着二代测序技术的广泛应用，越来越多的研究发现lncRNA在多个层面上参与细胞分化和 个体发育等重要生命活动过程的调控，并与人类的重大疾病尤其是肿瘤密切相关。相关的研究表明，lncRNA参与靶基因的表达 调控，在肿瘤的发生发展中发挥着重要的作用。本文对lncRNA在膀胱癌方面的最新研究进展进行了文献综述。

Objective To investigate the efficacy of treatment with a single loading dose of rosuvastatin before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for prevention of complications after surgery in elderly patients underwent PCI with coronary artery disease.Methods 216 elderly patients with coronary artery disease admitted to Department of Cardiology of Tianjin First Center Hospital were divided into two groups at random (108 patients per group). Within 24 hours before PCI, the patients of loading dose group received a loading dose of rosuvastatin 20 mg, while the patients of regular dose group received a regular dose of rosuvastatin 5 mg, and after surgery, both groups received rosuvastatin 5 mg/d orally. The serum creatinine (SCr), endogenous creatinine clearance rate (CCr), cardiac Troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) before and after PCI were detected, and the incidences of contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) and myocardial infarction were calculated in both groups. The patients were followed up for 1 year after PCI, and the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was observed.Results There were no statistically significant differences in the levels of SCr, CCr, cTnI, CK-MB or hs-CRP before PCI between two groups (allP > 0.05). While after PCI in two groups, the levels of SCr, cTnI, CK-MB and hs-CRP were higher than those before PCI, but CCr was lower than that before PCI, and the changes in regular dose group were more significant as compared with loading dose group [SCr (μmol/L): 89.52±21.79 vs. 83.45±19.17, cTnI (μg/L): 0.49±0.23 vs. 0.35±0.18, CK-MB (μg/L): 5.98±1.16 vs. 3.05±0.71, hs-CRP (mg/L): 8.31±0.06 vs. 2.46±0.02, CCr (mL/min): 62.61±19.54 vs. 73.48±20.14, allP < 0.05]. The incidence of CIN [7.41% (8/108) vs. 17.59 (19/108)] and myocardial infarction [1.85% (2/108) vs. 8.33% (9/108)] in loading dose group was evidently lower than that in regular dose group (bothP < 0.05). The incidence of MACE within 30 days after PCI in loading dose group was lower than that in regular dose group [5.56% (6/108) vs. 13.89% (15/108),P < 0.05], while within 1 year after PCI, the comparison of MACE incidence between loading dose group and regular dose group showed no statistically significant difference [19.44% (21/108) vs. 27.78% (30/108),P > 0.05].Conclusion A single loading dose of rosuvastatin given before PCI in elderly patients with coronary cardiac disease can protect renal function and myocardium, reduce the incidences of CIN, myocardial infarction and the occurrence of MACE at early stage after PCI.

Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) also referred to as Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes-virus (KSHV),is a novel tumor causing virus,which is thought to be the etiologic agent of KS,and also is associated with primary effusion lymphoma(PEL) and multicentric castleman’s disease(MCD) HHV-8 encodes a number of viral proteins, including the proteins associated with HHV-8 latent infection and lytic infection,and the proteins unique to HHV-8,which are critical players in the development of KS and HHV-8-associated diseases. The proteins encoded by HHV-8 and association between HHV-8 and KS were reviewed.

Objective To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the Hem-o-lok in retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy.Methods A total of 178 patients underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy from November 2003 to November 2006.The operation was performed through 3 lumbar ports.The renal artery and veins were blocked with the Hem-o-lok and then severed.The ureter was cut at the site near the iliac blood vessel.For living donor nephrectomy,the kidney was taken out and infused with 4℃ kidney preserving fluid immediately.Results The operation was successfully completed in all the 178 cases and there was no conversion to open surgery.No Hem-o-lok ligating clips became dislodged.The mean operation time was 100 min(60-200 min),and the mean blood loss was 95 ml(20-200 ml).Complications included renal vein injury in 1 patient and pancreatic tail injury in 1 patient.The mean length of postoperative hospital stay was 5 days(4-8 days).Pathological results showed renal clear cell carcinoma in 65 patients,renal cystadenocarcinoma in 3 patients,renal leiomyosarcoma in 1 patient,renal lymphoma in 1 patient,renal oncocytoma in 2 patients,renal hamartoma in 2 patients,ureteral transitional cell carcinoma in 12 patients,ureteral squamous cell carcinoma in 2 patients,renal pelvis transitional cell carcinoma in 31 patients,renal pelvis xanthogranuloma in 1 patient,renal tuberculosis in 4 patients,accessory kidney in 1 patient,renal calculus in 4 patients,nephrohydrosis in 4 patients,and renal abscess in 1 patient.A total of 136 patients were followed for 1-36 months(mean,25 months),involving 64 patients followed for

Objective A kidney transplantation patient who was diagnosed with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) caused by passenger lymphocyte syndrome (PLS) was reviewed.Method A male kidney transplantation patient aged 31 was admitted due to severe anemia.Direct antiglobulin test (DAT) was positive and reticulocyte was elevated significantly,and PLS was diagnosed.He was treated with blood transfusion,glucocorticoid and intravenous immunoglobulin,and recovered at last.Result PLS is a rare but important cause of AIHA after kidney transplantation,often occurs in blood type A patient who received a kidney from a blood type O donor.Final diagnosis depends on the detection of anti-erythrocyte antibody in recipient serum.Conclusion PLS should be considered when anemia with unknown reasons occurred in kidney transplantation patients.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of plasmapheresis therapy for treating the antibody-mediated acute rejection (AMR) after kidney transplantation.Methods The study group consists of 2 male patients and 3 female patients,who suffered with AMR after receiving first-time allograft renal transplantation from January 2011 to September 2013 in our hospital.The age ranged from 41 to 52 years old,average 46 years old.The preoperative diagnosis in all patients was chronic renal insufficiency (uremia stage) and the regular hemodialysis was given to them.The 5 patients received basic immunosuppressive therapy,including cyclosporine A [5 mg/(kg · d)] or FKS06 [0.1 mg/(kg · d)],mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (1.5 g/d) and steroids.All the antibody-mediated acute rejections were diagnosed by renal allograft biopsy and serum DSA determination within 2 weeks after transplantation.Seven cycles of plasmapheresis rescue therapy were given to those patients respectively after the failure therapy of high dose of corticosteroids (1 000 mg/d) and ALG (250 mg/d).4 cases with primary glomerulonephritis,whose preoperative serum creatinine level was (784± 154) μ mol/L,were given plasmapheresis therapy within 2 weeks after transplantation.One case with primary anti-glomerular basement membrane disease,whose preoperative serum creatinine level was 935 μmol/L,received plasmapheresis 35 d after transplantation.The serum DSA in all patients was positive before plasmapheresis.Results After 7 cycles of plasmapheresis rescue therapy,the AMR was reversed in four 4 cases,whose plasmapheresis was given within 2 weeks after transplantation.Within three months follow-up,their renal function recovered well,which the mean serum creatinine level was (113± 12) μmol/L.In the case,whose plasmapheresis was given 35 days after transplantation,rejection was not reversed.His serum creatinine was 524 μmol/L and the intermittent hemodialysis was given,subsequently.With a follow-up of 12 months,the ultrasound examination showed that the atrophy of transplanted kidney and a high level of serum creatinine (758 μmol/L).Low dose of FK506 (0.5 mg/d) was given based on those results.Conclusions Active application of plasmapheresis can effectively reverse antibodymediated acute rejection within two weeks after transplantation.

Objective To investigate the expression of Dickkopf-3 (Dkk-3) in esophageal cancer and normal esophageal tissue and the relationship between Dkk-3 expression and the biological behaveior of esophageal cancer. Methods Immunohistochemical method of S-P was used to examine Dkk-3 expression in 69 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 5 cases of normal esophageal tissue with non-tumor tissue microarray and the results were analyzed and correlated with their clinical and pathological features. Results Positive Dkk-3 expression was observed in 65.7% (44/67) of the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases, but only one of the five cases with normal esophageal tissue showed positive microvascular expression of Dkk-3. In cases with positive expression of Dkk-3 significant differences were found in fiber membrane infiltration, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM staging (P < 0. 05), while no significant differences were found in the age, gender and pathological grading (P > 0. 05). Conclusions The upregnlation of Dkk-3 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma may contribute to tumor invasion and metastasis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) and anomalous pancreaticobiliary duetal union (APBDU). Methods 131 patients with ABP were enrolled to test the serum total bilirubin (TB), alanine amintransferase (ALT), aspartate amintransferase (AST), alkaline phosphates (ALP), γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT). All the patients received medical treatment, and then these tests were performed again. Thereafter, all the patients underwent selective surgery and intra-operative cholangiography was performed to observe the pancreaticobiliary duetal union. Results 27 patients (20.6%) with APBDU were found in 131 patients. Among them, 8 cases (29.6%) was B-P subtype (TypeⅠ), 16 cases (59.3%) was P-B subtype (TypeⅡ) , and the remaining 3 cases was mixed subtype (TypeⅢ). A significant decrease of ALT, AST, ALP, γ-GT after non-surgical treatment in both group of APBDU and NAPBDU was noted (P＜0.05). The serum levels of ALT, AST,γ-GT in APBDU patients were (71.81± 23.19) U/L, (47.85±27.87) U/L, (52.86±31.49) U/L, respectively; and in NAPBDU patients were (51.96±15.40) U/L, (40.77±16.58) U/L, (34.86±26.47) U/L. The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Condusions APBDU is an important etiology of ABP.

BACKGROUND:Inducing factor and chondrogenic microenvironment is a primary factor, which influences chondrogenic differentiation and chondrogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). OBJECTIVE:To explore the feasibility of in vivo chondrogenesis by co-culture of bone marrow-derived MSCs and chondrocytes. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING:A randomized controlled animal experiment was performed at Department of Pathology, Stomatological Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA between September 2004 and March 2005. MATERIALS:Fifteen New Zealand rabbits of clean grade were used for cell-scaffold construct transplantation. The rabbits were randomly divided into co-culture, chondrocyte, and bone marrow-derived MSC groups, with 5 rabbits in each group. Five neonatal New Zealand rabbits, aged 1-3 days, were used for isolation and culture of bone marrow-derived MSCs and chondrocytes. Polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffold material (Shanghai Yikuo Company, China) has a fiber diameter of 15 μm, with an average interval of 150-200 μm, an interval porosity of 97% and 2-mm thickness. METHODS:In the co-culture group, bone marrow-derived MSCs and chondrocytes were mixed at a ratio of 3:1. The mixed cells were seeded onto a pre-wetted PGA scaffold (5 mm×5 mm )at the ultimate concentration of 6.0×1010 L-1. Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with fetal bovine serum was dropwise added to peripheral compound for 1 week of culture. In the chondrocyte, and bone marrow-derived MSC groups, chondrocytes and bone marrow-derived MSCs of the same ultimate concentration were seeded respectively onto the PGA scaffold. Then, the cell-scaffold constructs were transplanted into subcutaneous tissue of adult rabbits. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Gross observation and hematoxylin-eosin & Masson staining of neo-cartilage were performed after in vivo culture for 8 weeks. RESULTS:Cell in all groups had a fine adhesion to the scaffold. In both co-culture and chondrocyte groups, the cell-scaffold constructs could maintain the original size and shape during in vivo culture and formed homogenous mature cartilage after 8 weeks of in vivo culture. Furthermore, the neo-cartilages in both groups were similar to each other in gross appearance and histological features. In the bone marrow-derived MSCs group, connective tissue rather than cartilage was found during in vivo culture. CONCLUSION:Chondrocytes can provide a chondrogenic microenvironment to induce a chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived MSCs and thus promote the chondrogenesis of bone marrow-derived MSCs in vivo.

Objective To investigate the value of mammography (MAM),ultrasound (US)and MRI in the diagnosis of breast tumors using a Meta-analysis.Methods A systematic search of relevant literatures was done from CNKI,CBM,VIP,EMBASE OvidSP,PubMed and The Cochrane Library databases.Some related literatures about MAM,US and MRI in the diagnosis of breast tumors and the quality was evaluated,and the available information was extracted.The Meta-analysis was then performed by a Meta-disc 1.4 software,and a Review Manager 5.3 software was used to calculate the summary receiver operating characteristic curves and the area under the curve.Results The diagnostic effect of the MAM+US+MRI was significantly higher than that of mammography or ultrasound (P <0.05).The MAM study heterogeneity among sources was affected by whether it based on BI-RADS diagnostic criteria,and US study heterogeneity was affected by average age of patients.However,the MRI heterogeneity between studies displayed by regression analysis was not affected by each covariate.The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 76% (95%CI:0.73-0.79)and 72% (95%CI:0.69-0.75)for MAM,85% (95%CI:0.82-0.87)and 70% (95%CI:0.67-0.73)for US,and 95% (95%CI:0.93-0.96)and 72% (95%CI:0.69-0.75)for MRI,respectively.And the area under curve (AUC)of summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC)curve was 82.0%,88.5% or 97.4%, respectively.Moreover,the AUC of combined three methods together was 98.3%.Conclusion The value of MAM,US and MRI in diagnosis of breast tumor is higher,and the highest one exists when the combined three methods together are used.