OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between the change in Toll-like receptor expression and prognosis of severe viral hapatitsis.METHODS The peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated and the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA was observed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The level of serum endotoxin was measured by chromogenic substrate Limulus amebocyte lysate assay.The data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 software.RESULTS The expression of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA and the level of serum endotoxin of death group before therapy were lightly higher than that of survival group,but after therapy that of death group is higher than survival group(P

BACKGROUND: Excessive residue of dental calculus and dental plaque and scratch of Instruments on dental root surface will cause rough root surface, which will accelerate accumulation of dental calculus and dental plaque. Improved scaling can solve this problem, but the operation of ultrasonic subgingival scaling is not regular by some clinical physicians.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect on the root surfaces and the work efficacy following ultrasonic subgingival scaling with different output power and different parts of work tip.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The comparison observational study was performed at the Laboratory of Medical College of Qingdao University from March to May 2009.MATERIALS: Twenty root surfaces from ten teeth extracted for severe periodontal diseases were selected, and the volume of dental calculus was basically equal. Ex vivo teeth were obtained from two male patients aged 40-50 years.METHODS: Twenty root surfaces were randomly divided into group A or group B, the high power was set as "3" gear (group A), and the low power was set as "1" gear (group B), using the side (group A1 and B1) and the top (group A2 and B2) of work tip. The time for scaling was recorded and the surface feature of all the specimens was observed under scanning electron microscope(SEM).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in root surface structure were observed.RESULTS: The damage of root surfaces in groups A1 and B1 was less severe, while more in groups A2 and B2. There were less calculus and plaque residual on root surfaces in group A than in group B. Cementum exfoliation was observed in group A but not in group B. The operating time of group A was significantly shorter than that of group B (P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between groups A1 and A2 or groups B1 and B2 (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: Calculus and plaque can be cleaned more effectively and the damage is less severe by using the side of work tip. Although the calculus can be cleaned more rapidly by using higher power set, the damage is more severe.

Objective To probe the CT findings of menisci in degenerative osteoarthrosis of knees joint.Methods CT features of meniscus damage in 151 cases with degenerative osteoarthrosis of knees joint collected randomly from 2003~2005 were retrospectively analysed.Results CT features included:abnormal outline of meniscus or its edge to be coarse in 16 cases(10.5%),local hypodense in the meniscus in 107 cases(70.8%),gap sign in 9 cases(5.9%) and vacuum sign in 19 cases(12.5%).Conclusion CT scan is of benefit for evaluating the meniscus damage in degenerative osteoarthrosis of knees joint,which can be used to plan the mode of treatment.

Objective To explore an easier method to get epithelial cell and fibroblast from a rabbit' s trachea for trachea tissue engineering in vitro. Methods Digest the epithelial cell and fibroblast by trypsin after co-culture for 6 days. Distinguish these two kinds of cells according to their different tolerances to trypsin and culture characteristics. The new method and the traditional method were compared by the proliferation of the cells with cell counting and MIT assay. Results The purity of the cells got with this new method is up to 100% . The cells proliferation is as same as that cultured by traditional methods. Conclusion With this method, one can get two kinds of different cells from the original in one time, it is easier to practice than the traditional.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of nosocomial infection pathogens and to provide the reference for the clinical treatment and infection control in hospital. METHODS Bacteria were isolated from patients in our hospital from Jan 2000 to Dec 2004 and animicrobial susceptibility was tested by disc diffusion method(K-B method). RESULTS A total of 7016 strain pathogens were isolated,among them 2250 strains were Gram-positive cocci.The most common pathogens of them were Staphylococcus.Meticillin resistant strains of S.aureus and coagulase negative Staphylococcus(CNS) accounted for 62.1% and 76.0%,respectively.There were 4766 strains of Gram-negative bacilli.The most common pathogens of them were Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter and Enterobacter cloacae.The most common ESBLs producing strains were K.pneumoniae and E.coli.In our data,no vancomycin resistant Staphlococcus was isolated.The imipenem resistant P.aeruginosa was growing by year. CONCLUSIONS Coagulase negative Staphylococcus and meticillin resistant Staphylococcus are growing,imipenem resistance of P.aeruginosa is a serious problem.

This study is aiming to establish an efficient metabolite extraction method for exploration of molecular mechanisms of desiccation tolerance of the resurrection plant Boea hygrometrica using a metabolomics approach. The extracts of metabolite in B. hygrometrica using methanol solution (method A) and methanol-chloroform-water solution (method B) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The total numbers of chromatographic peaks, extraction efficiency, retention time and the peak stability were compared. The results showed that for fresh materials, the total chromatographic peak number of method B is more than that of method A; the extraction efficiency of nine representative metabolites by method B is higher than that by method A; the comparison of 10 random chromatographic peaks revealed that the relative standard deviation (RSD) values of the retention time are less than 1% for both methods, whereas the RSD values of the extraction efficiency is different. The percentage of peaks that owned RSD values of the extraction efficiency higher than 10% is 50% for method A and 100% for method B. In addition, method B was also efficient for dry materials from B. hygrometrica. The number of chromatographic peaks, RSD value of retention time and extraction efficiency of dry materials was similar to that of fresh materials using method B, but decreased sharply using method A. Putting together, our study provided evidence that method B is an efficient extraction method for further analysis of metabolites from this resurrection species.
Chemical Fractionation ; methods ; Chloroform ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics ; Methanol ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Solvents

Objective To investigate the clinical value of the test injection at popliteal arteries on 64-slice CTA in lower extremity peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). Methods Twenty-eight patients with PAOD referred for 64-slice CTA were enrolled consecutively in the study. Test injection was performed at bilateral popliteal arteries (the level of knee joints) and the clinic value of the peak value and the time to peak was analyzed. The relationship between the time to peak and the peak value was evaluated with Pearson test. The time to peak was used for programming of the CT angiographic acquisitions with fast scanning mode. The quality of visualization of each arterial segment was determined independently by two radiologists. Results Fifty-four (96%, 54/56) time-attenuation curves were obtained in 28 patients. The wide interindividual variation in the peak value and the time to peak was observed in 52 curves of 26 patients with range of 60-178 HU,21-46 s and an average of (135±28) HU,(31±6) s, respectively. The difference in the peak value and the time to peak between bilateral popliteal arteries was also observed with range of 10-80 HU and an average of (32±18) HU in 19 patients,with range of 1-12 s and an average of (5±3) s in 21 patients. There was negative relationship between the peak value and the time to peak (r=-0.526, P<0.01). The CTA images were of good (598 segments) or medium quality (12 segments) in 99% segments (610/616). Conclusions The test injection at popliteal arteries was useful for 64-slice CTA in the patients with PAOD, as it could accurately specify the delay time of CT angiographic acquisitions.

Objective To investigate the effect of smoking and smoking cessation on the phosphorylation of IKK-β in type 2 diabetic rats. Methods Forty-two six-week-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control(NC, n =7), diabetes control (DC, n =7), diabetes with smoking (DS, n = 14) and diabetes with smoking cessation(SC, n = 14). Rats in DS and SC groups were further assigned randomly into 8w and 12w subgroups. DS group was given passive smoking twice a day for 8 or 12 weeks, while SC group ceased passive smoking for 4 weeks after 8 or 12 weeks of smoking . Western blot method was used to detect the level of IKK-13 phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. Results Compared with the NC group,the phosphorylation of IKK-β protein in DC group was increased (0. 16±0. 05 vs 0. 30±0. 08, P < 0. 01). There was an increasing trend with the phosphorylation level of IKK-β in the DS (8w) subgroup, but there was no statistical difference between the DC group and SC(8w) subgroup (0. 40±0. 09 vs 0. 30±0. 08,0. 36±0. 10, P >0. 05). The phosphorylation level of IKK-β in DS(12w) group increased obviously, being significantly higher than that in the DC group and SC (12w) subgroup(0. 74 ± 0. 11 vs 0.30±0.08,0.35±0.07,P < 0.01). Conclusion With the prolongation of smoking duration, the phosphorylation of IKK-β in type 2 diabetic rats increased. After smoking cessation, the phosphorylation of IKK-β decreased. The phosphorylation of IKK-β may be involved in the mechanism by which smoking causes type 2 diabetes.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy with autotransplantation in cases of severe iatrogenic proximal ureteral damage.Methods:From July 2011 to March 2015,two patients,aged 44 (female)and 54 years (male),underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy and autotransplantation for treatment of severe iatrogenic proximal ureteral inju-ries.Both injuries were proximal ureteral avulsion during ureterolithotomy with the holmium laser for ure-teral calculi.computed tomography angiography (CTA)and computed tomography urography (CTU)was performed in both patients before operation.A 3-port retroperitoneal technique was used for the patients placed in a lateral decubitus position.A retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy with autotransplantation approach was used in both the patients,and the kidneys were removed to the right iliac fossa.Case 1’s kidney was removed through the right Gibson incision,while Case 2’s kidney was removed through the left lumbar incision.The renal artery and renal vein were ligated using the Hem-o-lok.The kidneys were taken out quickly from the patients and infused with 4 ℃ kidney preserving fluid immediately.Results:The retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy with autotransplantations was performed 4 hours in Case 1 and 2 years in Case 2 after atrogenic proximal ureteral injuries.Case 2 was associated with dense peri-nephric and perihilar fibrosis.The procedures were successful,with immediate return of renal function in both the patients.After ex vivo graft preparation,ureteral and vessel length and quality were adequate for transplantation in both the cases.A direct ureterovesical anastomosis was performed in both patients.In the 2 patients,the warm ischemia time was 3 and 5 minutes,the total operation time 185 and 246 mi-nutes,and the estimated blood loss 70 and 200 mL,respectively.No perioperative complications oc-curred.At the end of the follow-up,the transplanted kidneys were functional,and the patients had re-turned to their normal activity.Conclusion:Retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy with autotrans-plantation is an excellent alternative to nephrectomyor bowel interposition in patients with proximal urete-ral loss.This procedure is associated with acceptable morbidity and preserves the renal function.This re-port supports the safety and efficacy of retroperotoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy with autotransplantation in experienced hands.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare bovine serum albumin(BSA)liposomes coated with N-trimethyl chitosan(TMC) and study the factors influencing the quality of the preparation.METHODS:BSA liposomes were prepared by the method of reverse-phase evaporation.TMC polymers for coating liposomes were synthesized by quaternary amination reaction between chitosan and methyl iodide.The TMC-coated BSA liposomes were prepared.The entrapment efficiency of BSA liposomes was determined by high speed centrifugation-Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 dye method.The effects of the composition ratio of soybean lecithin(PC):cholesterol(CH):phospbatidylserine(PS),the mass ratio of TMC to total lipid and the ionic strength on particle size and entrapment efficiency were investigated.RESULTS:All the factors investigated had influences on particle size and entrapment efficiency.The optimal formulation was as follows:PC:CH:PS was 8:9:1,TMC to lipid phase ratio was 0.25:1 and ionic strength was less than 20 mmol?L~(-1).The entrapment efficiency prepared in the above conditions was (46.82?2.07)%.CONCLUSION:The TMC-coated BSA liposomes were obtained successfully and the preparation had uniform particle size and good stability.