BACKGROUND: Excessive residue of dental calculus and dental plaque and scratch of Instruments on dental root surface will cause rough root surface, which will accelerate accumulation of dental calculus and dental plaque. Improved scaling can solve this problem, but the operation of ultrasonic subgingival scaling is not regular by some clinical physicians.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect on the root surfaces and the work efficacy following ultrasonic subgingival scaling with different output power and different parts of work tip.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The comparison observational study was performed at the Laboratory of Medical College of Qingdao University from March to May 2009.MATERIALS: Twenty root surfaces from ten teeth extracted for severe periodontal diseases were selected, and the volume of dental calculus was basically equal. Ex vivo teeth were obtained from two male patients aged 40-50 years.METHODS: Twenty root surfaces were randomly divided into group A or group B, the high power was set as "3" gear (group A), and the low power was set as "1" gear (group B), using the side (group A1 and B1) and the top (group A2 and B2) of work tip. The time for scaling was recorded and the surface feature of all the specimens was observed under scanning electron microscope(SEM).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in root surface structure were observed.RESULTS: The damage of root surfaces in groups A1 and B1 was less severe, while more in groups A2 and B2. There were less calculus and plaque residual on root surfaces in group A than in group B. Cementum exfoliation was observed in group A but not in group B. The operating time of group A was significantly shorter than that of group B (P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between groups A1 and A2 or groups B1 and B2 (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: Calculus and plaque can be cleaned more effectively and the damage is less severe by using the side of work tip. Although the calculus can be cleaned more rapidly by using higher power set, the damage is more severe.

Objective: To understand the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma researches in worldwide, and to study the development feasibility of professional journal on nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods: The literatures on nasopharyngeal carcinoma were systematically retrieved from databases of SCI (Science Citation Index) from 1999 to 2012, and the data of publishing time, journal title, article type, language, research area, first author, correspondence author, district, and fund, etc were collected and bibliometricly analyzed.Results: An increasing trend of paper publication was detected, corresponding with linear and exponential growth pattern. Journal distribution was accordance with Brad Ford’s law; the literatures of nasopharyngeal carcinoma were assembling and parting distribution. The first author distribution conformed to Lotka’s law; whereas, the correspondence author distribution did not. Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan occupied an important position in respect of first author, correspondence author and fund.Conclusion: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma study needs professional journals bearing a larger number of scientific research achievements, and journals run in China, where the Nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidences was reported the highest in the world, may promote the development of this subject.

Objective To compare the clinical and follow-up results of different ways of operation for the treatment of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma ,and to explore its e key technology and related prognosis .Methods 31 out of 50 patients with biliary and partial liver resection(control group) ,19 patients with hemihepatectomy (observation group) .Radical resection rate and surviv-al rate were compared in the two groups .Results radical resection rate control group and observation group was 35 .48% (11/31) and 68 .42% (13/19) ,the difference was statistically significant (P=0 .014);the difference of 1 ,3 ,5 year survival rates between the two groups were statistically significant (P= 0 .03) ,observation group :85 .4% ,58 .6% ,32 .2% ,control group:86 .1% ,65 .2% , 20 .0% .Conclusion Radical resection is still the most important measures the patients for cure and long-term survival ,radical re-section rate ,survival rate ,and prognosis could be improved greatly by improving operation skills and experience accumulation ,com-bined with hepatectomy .

Objective To observe the effect of δ-opioid receptor on proliferation and migration of human epidermal stem cells (hESCs) in vitro so as to offer treatment theory for skin injury.Methods hESCs from fresh foreskin tissues of normal young volunteers were isolated and cultured by enzyme digestion and differential adherence technique.Immunofluorescent staining was used to determine expression of integrin β1 and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) and flow cytometry was used for cell count.Second generation of cells were cultured for 5 consecutive days with keratinocyte serum-free medium (K-SFM) supplemented with 1 nmol/L (D-Ala2,K-Leu5)-enkephalin in Group A,with K-SFM supplemented with 1 nmol/L naltrindole and 1 nmol/L (D-Ala2,K-Leu5)-enkephalin in Group B,and with isolated K-SFM in Group C.Cellular division and proliferation were detected by MTT method.An in vitro 100 μm scratch-wound model was created on the confluent monolayer cells at 24 hours of incubation.Cells migrating from the wound margin were determined by inverted phase contrast microscope at 24,48,72,and 96 hours after wound formation,while wound closure rate was calculated at 72 hours.Results Primary cultured hESCs presented cobblestone-like shape after adherence growth,Immunofluorescence staining showed positive results for integrin β1 and CK19 and cell purity reached 95.6％.Moreover,MTT findings revealed proliferation of hESCs enhanced significantly in Group A,but lowered in Group B as compared to Group C (P ＜ 0.05).hESCs migrated from the wound margin in all groups at 24 hours.However,more migrated cells were seen in Group A than in Group C and less in Group B than in Group C.Rate of wound closure was (89.5 ±0.7)％ in Group A,(76.1 ±0.3)％ in Group B,and (81.1 ±0.6)％ in Group C at 72 hours,indicating significant differences among groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Activation of δ-opioid receptor promotes the proliferation and migration of hESCs in vitro and may be implicated in wound healing.

Objective Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing as the gold standard method,to compare the performance of two matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry system (MALDI Biotyper and VITEK MS) for identifying clinical isolates of Streptococcus spp.Methods One hundred and sixty two clinical Streptococcus isolates were collected at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University,from April to June,2014,and confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis.MALDI Biotyper and VITEK MS mass spectrometry system were used for identification and further evaluated by performance respectively.Results Of all the isolates tested,155 (155/162,95.68％) Streptococcus isolates were accurately identified to species level by MALDI Biotyper.Besides,MALDI Biotyper identified three Streptococcus mitis group as S.pneumoniae and one S.parasanguinis as S.australis.Another three S.pneumonia isolates were not identified accurately (values ＜ 1.7).Although 156 (156/162,96.30％) isolates were accurately identified to species level (including subspecies) by VITEK MS system,two S.pneumoniae as S.mitis/S.oralis and one S.euinus as S.infantarius ssp.infantarius were misidentified.The two systems showed a 100％ (51/51) accuracy in identifying all S.pyogenes and S.agalactiae isolates,and an accuracy higher than 85％ for S.pneumoniae.Conclusions Both systems showed potent identification ability for Streptococcus spp.,VITEK MS system showed more clinical significance in accurately identifying some subspecies.Mass spectrometry system can be used as a rapid identification method for Streptococcs spp.in clinical practice.

BACKGROUND:There are two types of epithelial stem cells in the ocular surface tissue:corneal epithelial stem cells and conjunctival epithelial stem cells. The corneal epithelial stem cells play an important role in renewal of corneal epithelial cells and maintenance of corneal transparency.
OBJECTIVE:To study the location of corneal epithelial stem cells using laser in vivo confocal microscopy and immunofluorescent staining.
METHODS:Patients with unilateral limbal stem celldeficiency who went to Henan Eye Institute from September 2009 to September 2012 were enrol ed in this study. Bilateral eyes were scanned by laser in vivo confocal microscopy, and the healthy eye was imaged as a control. The central cornea and limbus were scanned and images were recorded for statistical analysis. The eye bal s were obtained from Henan Eye Bank, China. Central cornea and limbus were dissected and embedded in the OCT compound for frozen section and the proper thickness of the section was 5-7μm. Immunofluorescent staining was used to detect the expression of p63, ABCG2, K3 and Connexin 43 in the epithelial layers of central cornea and limbus.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Twenty-four patients diagnosed with unilateral limbal stem celldeficiency were recruited. Under confocal microscopy, in the affected eyes, the typical morphology of conjunctival epithelial cells and goblet cells was detected instead of corneal epithelial cells;in the limbus, a great amount of fiber scarring tissue was detected instead of Vogt palisade, rete pegs and pigment cells. Immunofluorescent staining showed the expression of p63, ABCG2 was mainly in the basal layer of limbal epithelium, especial y in the outer and middle parts, but the expression of p63 and ABCG2 was not detected in the epithelial celllayers of central cornea. K3 and Connexin43 were not expressed in suprabasal layers of limbal epithelium, but in central cornea, they were expressed highly in the whole epithelial celllayers. Laser in vivo confocal microscopy and immunofluorescent staining showed the corneal epithelial stem cells were located in the basal layer of outer and middle limbal epithelium, mainly in Vogt palisade and rete pegs.

OBJECTIVETo explore the maintenance effects of acupoint catgut embedding at early time on gastrointestinal function in patients with craniocerebral injury.

METHODSSixty craniocerebral injury patients with 5 to 12 points of Glasgow coma scale (GCS), according to treatment order, were alternately divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. Patients in the control group were treated with regular treatment and nursing care. Based on this, patients in the observation group, according to different pathogenesis and symptoms presented within 24 h into hospitalization, were additionally treated with acupoint catgut embedding. The recovery time of borborygmus, time of first anal aerofluxus, time of first defecation, abdominal pressure at different time points, the occurrence rate of complications (upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, diarrhea, vomiting), time of enteral nutrition tolerance rate reaching 30 kcal/kg x d were observed and recorded.

RESULTSThe recovery time of borborygmus, time of first anal aerofluxus, time of first defecation and time of enteral nutrition tolerance rate reaching 30 kcal/kg x d in the observation group were all earlier to those in the control group (all P<0.01). At 48 h, 4 d and 7 d into hospitalization, the abdominal pressures in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group [(11.10 +/- 1.47) mmHg vs. (13.50 +/- 1.43) mmHg, (8.40 +/- 1.25) mmHg vs. (11.90 +/- 1.56) mmHg, (6.73 +/- 0.74) mmHg vs. (10.80 +/- 1.30) mmHg, all P<0.01]. There were 8 cases with complications of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, diarrhea and vomiting in the observation group with the occurrence rate o 27% (8/30), which was lower than those in the control group (70.0% (21/30), P<0.01.

CONCLUSIONThe acupoint catgut embedding at early time in craniocerebral injury patients could improve the recovery of gastrointestinal function, reduce intolerance of enteral nutrition and occurrence rate of various complications.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Catgut ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the changes of the amount and function of Vα24~+Vβ11~+,CD161~+Vα24~+NKT cells in the peripheral blood of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Methods The amount of Vα24~+Vβ~+,CD16~+Va24~+NKT cells in the peripheral blood of 30 SLE cases and 30 healthy persons were detected by flow cytometry. Results Vα24~+Vβ11~+,CD161~+Vα24~+NKT cells in the peripheral blood of SLE patients were significantly lower than that of normal control (P < 0.05). Vα24~+Vβll~+ and CD161~+Va24~+NKT cells in the pe-ripheral blood of SLE patients positively correlated with the level of the complement (C3,C4) and negatively correlated with SLE disease ac-tivity index (SLEDIA) and ESR. Conclusion Activated NKT cells decreased in the peripheral blood of SLE patients. Vα24~+Vβ11~+ and CD161~+Vα24~+NKT cells might be involved in the pathogenesis and development of SLE.

BACKGROUND: There are many methods for posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction, which is involved in many graft materials, but few studies aim to compare the differences in outcomes of different grafts for PCL reconstruction. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical results of arthroscopic PLC reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone (B-PT-B) autograft, B-TP-B allograft and semitendinosus tendon autograft. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A retrospective case analysis was completed in the Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Area Military Command of Chinese PLA from January 2000 to September 2005. MATERIALS: Totally 76 patients underwent arthroscopic PLC reconstruction from January 2000 to September 2005, with the use of B-TP-B autograft in 21 patients, B-TP-B allograft in 27 patients, semitendinosus tendon autograft in 28 patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in 76 patients underwent arthroscopic PCL reconstruction, with the use of B-TP-B autograft in 21 patients, B-TP-B allograft in 27 patients, semitendinosus tendon autograft in 28 patients. Postoperative body temperature was examined duration hospitalization. The follow-up parameters included International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, Lysholm knee joint scores, and KT-1000 evaluation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Range of motion. ②joint stability: posterior draw test and KT-1000 test. ③overall function of knee: IKDC scores and Lysholm scores; ④complications and side effect. RESULTS: The time of follow-up visit was 26-79 months. Differences were no statistically significant among the IKDC scores, Lysholm scores, KT-1000 side-side difference, the positive rate of posterior draw test in three groups of patients with PCL reconstruction using B-TP-B autograft, B-TP-B allograft and semitendinosus tendon graft (P > 0.05); 10° flexion limitation was found in 3 cases of B-TP-B autograft, 5° flexion limitation in 1 case of B-TP-B allograft and flexion limitation in 2 case of semitendinosus tendon graft. There was no significant difference in the ratio of knee joint flexion limitation among three groups. No synarthrophysis, wound infection, implant disrupture, screw loose, patellar fracture or vascular nerve injury was observed in three groups of patients; There were 12 cases presenting anterior knee pain in the B-TP-B autograft group and 5 cases presenting posterior knee pain in the semitendinosus tendon graft group. The difference of peal-knee pain incidence was statistically significant among three groups (P=0), the highest in B-TP-B autograft group, then semitendinosus tendon graft group and the lowest in B-TP-B allograft group. The time of post-operative fever in B-TP-B autograft group was earlier than that in the B-TP-B allograft and semitendinosus tendon graft groups (P=0). There was no significant difference between allogreft group and semitendinosus tendon autograft group (P=0.844). The rejections appeared in 4 cases of B-TP-B allograft with the manifestations of the sustained jam-like liquid outflow from tibial tunnel. After dressing, hormones or indomethacln, the rejection was healed. CONCLUSION: The arthroscopic B-TP-B autograft, B-TP-B autograft and semitendinosus tendon autograft have the same clinical curative effect in PCL reconstruction.

Objective To investigate the associated effect of 125I implantation plus chemotherapy in local recurrent stage Ⅲ NSCLC patients.Methods From January 2006 to January 2009,34 patients documented with local recurrent stage Ⅲ NSCLC were divided into two groups by random number table.The treatment group was treated with 125I permanent implantation combined with DP regimen (docetaxel 60 mg/m2 + cisplatinum 75 mg/m2),while the control group received only DP chemotherapy.According to the TPS,the treatment group received CT-guided percutaneous implantation of 125 I seeds with a particle activity of 2.22 ×107-2.59 × 107 Bq.The prescribed dose was in the range of 90-110 Gy and the postoperatively matched peripheral dose (mPD) and D9o were verified by TPS.The control group received a DP chemotherapy regime for 4 cycles after the procedure.This study was approved by the ethics committee,and all patients signed informed consents.The follow up time was up to disease progression.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to describe the local lesion control (LLC) time and progression free survival (PFS).Log-rank test was used in the comparison of the survival rates between the two groups.Fisher's exact test was used to analyze the differences of CR rate and recent efficiency between two groups.Results In the treatment group,postoperative mPD was 93.9-130.4 (M 116.7) Gy,and D90 was 103.6-148.2 (M 130.6) Gy.The LLC time was 4.7 to 24.0 months with a median of 11.6 (95％ CI:8.7-14.6) months.In two cases,there was no recurrence during the follow-up time of 24 months.PFS was 4.7 to 24.0 months with a median of 10.5 (95％ CI:7.4-13.6) months.The recent effective rate of the treatment group was 64.7％ (11/17).CR,PR,SD and PD were 41.2％ (7/17),23.5％ (4/17),23.5％ (4/17) and 11.8％ (2/17),respectively.In the control group,the LLC time was 4.5 to 11.4 months with a median of 7.5 (95 ％ CI:6.7-8.3) months,and the median of PFS was 6.5 (4.5-10.5) (95％ CI:5.7-8.3) months.The response rate,CR,PR,SD and PD were 41.2％ (7/17),5.9％ (1/17),35.3％ (6/17),35.3 ％ (6/17) and 23.5％ (4/17),respectively.There was no statistical significance of the recent effective rate between the treatment group and control group (P =0.30),but the LLC time (x2 =8.40,P ＜ 0.01),the median of PFS time (x2 =6.27,P ＜ 0.05) and CR (P =0.04) of the treatment group were all significantly higher than those of the control group.Concltusion The implantation of 125I seeds combined with chemotherapy for recurring stage Ⅲ NSCLC patients is safe and effective,and its efficacy is superior to the second line chemotherapy alone.