Objective To study the methods of graduation of benign prostatic hyperplasia.Methods Transrectal digital palpation,transabdominal and transrectal ultrasonography,uroflowmetry and measuring residual urine volume were carried out for 320 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia.Results①The measuring prostatic volume by means of transrectal digital palpation and ultrasound was similar.There was no significant difference between the groups(P=0.991).②The obstructive degree of the urethra was not consistent with the prostatic volume(P<0.01),it was closely related to the degree and site of hypertrophy node.③Measurement of size of prostatic internal gland,proportion between internal and external gland,site of internal ostium of urethra and sonography during urination were carried out by transrectal ultrasonography.The results were similar with obstruction pressure of the urethra and clinical manifestation(P=0.848, 0.966,0.592).Conclusions The transrectal ultrasonography graduation is not only a reliable method for diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia,but also can guide the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Objective Two single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in TBX1 gene,G2857C(rs737868)and G2963A(rs28649236),were chosen to investigate their distribution in contruncal defects(CTD)patients and normal controls in order to determine the relationship between TBX1 gene and CTD.Methods By PCR-RFLP,genotypes of these two SNPs were analyzed in 100 patients with CTD and 100 normal controls during Mar.2004 to May.2006. 2 test was applied to analyze the genotype frequency and allele frequency between CTD groups and control groups.Results Remarkable significance were observed at G2963A between CTD groups and normal controls,the G allele frequency in CTD groups were much higher than that in normal controls(?2=5.30,P

Bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST-2) is a kind of host restriction factor. Since it was discovered to be responsible for the defect in virion release of HIV-1 mutants lacking the accessory gene vpu in 2008, it was thought to mainly restrict the viruses by directly tethering viral particles at the plasma membrane. Recent reports suggest that BST-2 also can inhibit the the release of HBV particles, which are budding in the intracellular vesicles, expanding the antiviral spectrum of BST-2. Futhermore, the machanism that BST-2 used to restrict HBV release in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) is similar to that used to restrict HIV at the plasma membrane. However, HBV have evolved strategies to antagonize the antiviral action of BST-2. There are two different opinions about the antagonist. One is HBV inactivated BST-2 by HBx requiring a hepatocyte-specific environment. Another thought envelope protein HBs counteract the antiviral action of BST-2. In this review, we focus on the current advances in the anti-HBV activity of BST-2.
Animals ; Antigens, CD ; genetics ; immunology ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Hepatitis B ; genetics ; immunology ; virology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; physiology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Virus Release

Objective To study the efficacy and safety of different doses of caffeine citrate and aminophylline treatment for apnea of prematurity. Methods Preterm infants who met the inclusive criteria were admitted to NICU of JingZhou Central Hospital from October 1st, 2013 to October 1st, 2015. They were randomly assigned to three groups. Infants assigned to high dose caffeine group were received a loading dose of 40 mg / kg daily, followed by the maintaining dose of 20 mg / kg daily. Neonates in low dose caffeine group were administered with the loading dose of 20 mg / kg daily, followed by maintaining dose of 10 mg / kg daily. Infants in the aminophylline group received a loading dose of 5 mg / kg, then with maintaining dose of 2 mg / kg every 12 hours. Caffeine citrate or aminophylline therapy were continued until the infants were free from apnea for a period of 7 days or when the gestational age of 34 weeks were reached. Extubation failure rate, frequency of apnea, duration of apnea, mechanical ventilation, as well as oxygen therapy, length of hospital stay, mortality, and the adverse effects were compared among three groups. Results 90 infants were enrolled for study, with 30 in each group. Extubation failure rate, frequency of apnea, apnea duraion and oxygen therapy duration of infants in high dose caffeine groups were all significantly lower than those of infants in low dose caffeine group and aminophylline group (P < 0. 05). The incidence of tachycardia was significantly higher in the high dose caffeine group compared to the other two groups (P < 0. 05). Whereas all these factors between low dose caffeine group and aminophylline group were of no statistical difference (P > 0. 05). Duration of mechanical ventilation and CPAP, length of hospital stay, incidence of complications (BPD, ROP, IVH, PVL, NEC ), mortality were of no significant difference among three groups ( P > 0. 05 ) . Conclusions High dose caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity is more effective in decreasing incidence of extubation failure and apnea, as well as decreasing duration of apnea and oxygen therapy. Tachycardia is the only adverse effect of high dose caffeine therapy discovered by this study.

Objective To explore the effect of mouse proliferation-associated protein 2G4 (p38-2G4) high-expression on the proliferation and erythriod differentiation of murine erythroleukemia ( MEL ) cells.Methods To establish the recombinant lentivirus vector p 38-2G4-pLJM1, the p38-2G4-pLJM1 was cotransfected into HEK293T cells to obtain lentivirus with pCMV-VSV-G and pCMV-dR8.2.Lentivirus were infected into MEL cells to establish the stably p 38-2G4 high-expressed MEL cells.Western blotting was used to analyse the high-expression efficiency.MTT assay and benzidine staining were applied to detect the cell viability and hemoglobin synthesis of the stable cell line in presence /absence of inducers.Results Western blotting showed that the p38-2G4 high-expression stable cell strain had a higher expression of p38-2G4 as compared to the control group ( MEL) ( P <0.05).MTT result showed that there was no difference between the p38-2G4 high-expression cell strain and the control group (P>0.05), but the hemoglobin synthesis had been reduced as compared to the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion p38-2G4 high-expression does not affect the cell viability of MEL cells , but inhibits the erythriod differentiation of MEL cells in three independent experiments .

Objective To investigate the location,fine structure of melanocytes in human fetal scalp hair follicles.Methods The scalp with hair follicles was obtained from a dead fetus of 6 months of age,and divided into two parts.One part was embedded in paraffin,tissue sections were prepared with a width of 7 μm and stained with NKI/beteb,monoclonal antibodies to HMB-45,tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1(TRP1),respectively.The other part with hair follicles was treated with collagenase type Ⅱ 0.1 g/L and trypsin,then,cell suspension was collected and cultured.After 14-day culture,follicle melanocyte cells (FMC)were separated from keratinocytes by differential trypsinization,and fibroblasts were removed with geneticin.Following three times of pure passage,FMC were seeded and fixed on mica for scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and atomic force microscope(AFM)scanning.Results Histopathological examination showed that NKI/beteb positive cells located at the outer root sheath of human hair follicles,and these cells stained negatively for HMB-45,tyrosinase and TRP1 antibodies.However,in the hair bulb,lots of cells expressed HMB-45,tyrosinase and TRP1 antigens.After fibroblasts and keratinocytes were removed,two kinds of melanocytes remained in the culture:one was small in number and showed abundant melanin,which was lost after subsequent passage;the othgr was large in number and had no melanin initially,but proliferated very rapidly.After three passages,almost all the melanocytes were positive for NKI/beteb.As SEM and AFM showed,most cultured melanocytes appeared fusiform with two(rarely three)dendrites,and the cell body was round or oval with a few melanosomes scattered in but no clear secondary branches on the dendrites.Conclusions The melanocytes in outer root sheath of hair follicles from the fetal scalp are presumed as melanocyte stem cells or their progenies.In vitro,these cells proliferate very rapidly during early phases,but the morphology and function of them still remain immature,which is unfavorable for melanosome transport.

Objective To evaluate the stability of dipstick dye immunoassay (DDIA) kit forschisitosomiasis diagnosis. Methods By means of detection of the sera from infected people withSchistosoma japonicum and healthy people, the stability of the DDIA kit, which stored at 37℃,room temperature or 4 ℃ respectively, was evaluated depending on the detective results ofsensitivity, specificity, detectable minimum and coefficient variation ( CV). Results Thesensitivity, specificity, detectable minimum and coefficient variation of the DDIA kit were invariableafter the kits stored at 37 ℃ for 180 days, and at room temperature or 4 ℃ for 360 days.Conclusion The DDIA kit is stable while it stores at 37℃ for 180 days, and at room temperatureor 4℃ for 360 days at least.

Aim To establish two new rat models of visceral hypersensitivity in IBS by two chemical irritants.Methods Acetic acid or mustard was infused for six days in intestines of adult rats.After modeling,the rectal distention was performed and the thresholds of abdominal withdrawal reflex were measured.The frequency,peak value,peak-nadir value and area of the gastric and enteric electrical activity were recorded.And the contents of 5-HT in the blood serum were detected.Results Compared with the control group,the colon and rectum's sensitivity(P<0.05)and the frequency(P<0.01) of the acetic acid model were heightened.Meanwhile,the colon and rectum's sensitivity(P<0.01),the frequency(P<0.01),peak value(P<0.05),peak-nadir value(P<0.01)and area(P<0.01),and the contents of 5-HT(P<0.05)in serum of the mustard model were all changed,which indicated the increasing of sensitivity of the model.The colon and rectum's sensitivity,the gastric and enteric electrical activity and the contents of 5-HT in serum of the proving group were recovered to some extent.Conclusion The new rat model of visceral hypersensitivity in IBS is successfully set up by stimulating the intestines of adult rats with chemical substances.

Objective To investigate the influence of VEGF expression on the apoptosis of pancreas subjected to ischemia/reperfu-sion injury. Methods Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (rt = 10). Group A was served as sham-operation group. Groups B were subjected to 30 min of ischemia by clamping of celiac artery and superior mesenterie artery then releasing for 6 hours to produce ischemia/reperfusion injury model. Groups C were treated with VEGF antisense oligodeexynueleotide after isehemia. Rats were sacrificed, the pancreas was obtained to detect the VEGF expression by immunohistochemical method, and apoptosis was determined by TUNEL staining. Results Apoptosis appeared and VEGF expression up regulated in pancreas after Isehemia/reperfusion injury. Comparison between Groups C and Groups B showed a significant down regulation of VEGF expression (P <0. 05) and a notable increase of apoptotic index (P < 0. 05). Conclusion VEGF expression suppresses apeptosis of pancreas during the course of ischemia/reperfusion injury and may play an important role in protection of pancreas against the ischemia/repeffusion injury.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of narcotics drugs in the clinic. METHODS:A total of 5 841 prescriptions of narcotic drugs in our hospital from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2013 were selected as subjects. The utilization of drugs was an-alyzed statistically using DDDs,DDC and DUI as index. The situation of pharmacists prescriptions dispensing was analyzed with missing rate of unqualified prescriptions as an indicator. RESULTS:7 narcotics drugs DUI≤1.00 in 2012. 9 narcotics drugs DUIs≤1.00 in 2013. The highest missing rate of unqualified prescriptions was 9.33% in the inpatient pharmacy in 2013. The amount and DDDs of Morphine hydrochloride injection,Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablet and Oxycodone sustained-release tablet all in-creased in 2013,compared to in 2012;DUI of all morphine preparation were >1.00. DUI of Codeine phosphate tablet and Bucin-nazine tablet were decreased from 1.64 and 1.11 in 2012 to 1.02 and 0.74 in 2013,tending to be reasonable. The amount and DDDs of Sulfentanyl injection,Remifentanil injection and Fentanyl patch all in 2013,compared to in 2012. CONCLUSIONS:The utilization of narcotics drugs in our hospital basically tend to be rational,but still many deficiencies exist. We should strengthen in-tervention and management on the the utilization of narcotic drugs further.