Nuclear factor E2 related factor Nrf2 is a nuclear transcription factors involved in a variety of protein expression. As a center of oxidative stress regulation, it combines with antioxidant components (antioxidant responsive element, ARE) and activates downstream multiple anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying enzyme protein expression. This signaling pathway is involved in the development of inflammation, tumor and other pathological process. This review describes the basic structure, biological effects and signaling pathways of Nrf2, summarizes the latest progress about mechanisms of factors, which are involved in the positive and negative regulations of signal pathway, providing a new target for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor biochemical treatment. Based on these, the paper also looks forward to applicating bioinformatics technology and providing better prospects for the development of target intervention.

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a common complication of pregnancy, which affects 2%fertile women. A recent research has found that high level of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) can reduce the occurrence risk of early RPL. TAFI is one kind of carboxypeptidase, which can be activated as TAFIa. TAFIa can make the fibrinolysin lose its working site, which can interact with the fibrin to play a role in the regulation of fibrinolysis and the inhibition of throm?bus formation. The damage of fibrinolytic system is one of the risk factors for the occurrence of RPL in pregnant women, which has become one of the hotspots in the medical profession. In this paper, recent literature on TAFI and its relationship with recurrent pregnancy loss has been reviewed, hoping for new ways and clues in clinical treatment and prevention of RPL.

Objective To investigate the value of cystatin CysC on early renal damage in patients with essential hypertensive.Methods Hundred-four patients who were diagnosed as essential hypertensive with microalbuminuria (Urinary microalbumin:20-200 mg/L) with essential hypertensive (58 males and 46 females) were enrolled and 54 healthy subjects (30 males and 24 females) were selected as controls.Serum CysC (CysC)、Crea(Cr) 、BUN、uric acid (UA) were measured and ROC curve was established based on the examination.Results There were significant difference on the level of Serum CysC[1.22(0.91,1.51 ) mg/L vs 0.73 (0.61,0.79 ) mg/L,Z=3.30,P＜0.01],BUN [6.40 ( 4.43,9.06 ) mmol/L vs 5.10 ( 4.34,5.93 ) mmol/L,Z=5.94,P＜0.01],Cr [96.3 (72.6,122.0 ) μmol/L vs 70.5 (56.2,76.0 ) μmol/L,Z=8.30,P＜0.01],UA [375.7 ( 312.3,431.8 ) μmol/L vs 328.7 ( 271,379.3 ) mmol/L,Z=3.28,P＜0.01] between essential hypertensive group and control group.According to ROC curve,the area of CysC under the ROC curve (AUC) in 104 patients was 0.87,significantly different with CR(0.78),BUN(0.66),UA(0.66) (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ) The Youden index of CysC was 0.69,and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity of CysC were 76％ and 93％ respectively.Conclusion The diagnostic value of serum CysC on early renal damage in patients with essential hypertensive is superior to Cr,BUN and UA,and changes of renal function can be found earlier according to the level of serum CysC,It plays a key role in the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of the early renal damage in patients with essential hypertension.

Objective To systematically evaluate the safety of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) compared with open distal pancreatectomy (ODP).Methods Databases including Cochrane library,MEDLINE,EMbase,Google Scholar and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched to enroll randomized clinical trials (RCT),controlled clinical trials (CCT) or retrospective case-control studies to compare LDP with ODP.All articles received quality assessment according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,then the selected indices were analyzed using the Review Manager Version 5.0 software (The Cochrane Collaboration,Oxford,United Kingdom).Results 21 manuscripts with a total of 2 797 patients were enrolled.1 150 patients underwent LDP and the remaining 1 647 patients underwent ODP.In 20 studies (n =2 597),the total postoperative complication rates were 33.90％ for the LDP group versus 46.80％ for the ODP group [RR =0.76,95％ CI(0.69 ～ 0.84),P ＜ 0.01].In 8 studies (n =1 869) there was no significant difference [RR =0.51,95％ CI(0.21 ～ 1.24),P ＞0.05] in the perioperative mortality between LDP (4/703) and ODP (18/1 166).In 20 studies (n =2 757) there was no significant difference [RR =0.89,95％ CI(0.75 ～ 1.06),P ＞ 0.05] in the pancreatic fistula rate between LDP (168/1 132) and ODP (281/1 625).In 11 studies (n =1 840) the wound infection rate of LDP (3.24％) was significantly lower than ODP (10.85％) [RR =0.34,95％ CI(0.23 ～ 0.52),P ＜ 0.01].No significance was found between the two groups in the rates of pulmonary complications,peritoneal infection,urinary tract infection,postoperative bleeding,pseudocyst formation,intestinal obstruction and ascites formation between LDP and ODP.Conclusions When compared with the traditional open procedure,LDP has the advantages of significantlylower rates of postoperative complication and wound infection.There were no significant differences in postoperative mortality,and pancreatic fistula rate between LDP and ODP.This meta-analysis suggests that LDP is a safe and feasible operative method.

Objective To obtain the Cyclin D1 through cloning and prokaryotic expression of Cyclin D 1 gene.Methods The total RNA was extracted from liver cancer tissue .The Cyclin D1 cDNA was obtained by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The Cyclin D1 cDNA was sequenced, and sub-cloned to the PET32a+.The prokaryotic expressed was used to obtain the Cyclin D1.Results The 483 bp Cyclin D1 cDNA was obtained.The sequence of Cyclin D1 was corrected.The 36 KD CyclinD1 was obtained by prokaryotic expression .Conclusions The Cyclin D1 cDNA was obtained.Cyclin D1 was expressed in BL21.

Objective To investigate the relationship between OHSS and FSHR gene polymorphism. Methods Two hundred and two women were enrolled in this study. The FSHR gene polymorphisms at position 307 and 680 were detected. Results The distribution of the allele frequency and genotype frequency of the position 680 in FSHR gene were significantly different between women with OHSS or not. No significant differences of the position 307 in FSHR gene were observed. Conclusion Themutation of Asn680Ser in FSHR might be closely related with OHSS.

Objective To establish the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) mouse model induced by glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI),and explore the mechanism of GPI in RA.Methods Totally 36 DBA/1 mice were randomly divided into three groups:test group (injection GPI),positive group (injection of bovine collagen Ⅱ),and negative group (saline).The rates and changes of weight were observed.The score of the arthritis,the ankle histopathological changes and serum GPI content were detected.Results Toes swollen slightly,joint swelling,deformity and accompanied by block were appeared at 35th day in the test group.Compared to the control group,the rates and changes of weight in test group showed a significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The score of arthritis was showed by x ± s.Compared to the negative group,the test group and positive group were showed significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).A lot of lower synovial lining exudate macrophages,fibroblasts,and other inflammatory cells were increased in the test group.The GPI content in the test group [(0.39 ±0.11)μg/ml] was significantly higher than the negative group [(0.10± 0.06) μg/ml,P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions GPI could induce rheumatoid arthritis in mice.It provides the experimental basis to diagnose RA.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of fecal calprotectin in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Methods Colonoscopy took 79 patients with IBD that were diagnosed with pathology,including 47 cases of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients,32 cases of Crohn's disease (CD).Moreover,42 cases of IBD patients without abdominal pain,diarrhea and other intestinal inflammation were used as disease control group,and 34 cases of healthy people were used as healthy control group.The level of fecal calprotectin in each group was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The positive rate of fecal Calprotectin in IBD group,disease control group and the healthy control group was 57.0％,19.0％,and 0,respectively; each positive rate in IBD group was significantly higher than the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The serum concentration of fecal calprotectin in IBD group [(493.86 ±204.18) μg/g] was significantly higher than the disease control group [(71.46 ± 60.51) μg/g] and the healthy control group [(36.19 ± 13.46) μg/g] (P ＜ 0.05) ; IBD active calprotection [(1015.23 ± 324.96) μg/g] was significantly higher than resting [(52.69 ±34.71) μg/g] (P ＜0.01).Conclusions Fecal calprotectin test benefits early diagnosis of IBD,and may be taken as the diagnostic index of IBD activity.It has extensively clinical value.

Objective To study the efficacy and safety of different doses of caffeine citrate and aminophylline treatment for apnea of prematurity. Methods Preterm infants who met the inclusive criteria were admitted to NICU of JingZhou Central Hospital from October 1st, 2013 to October 1st, 2015. They were randomly assigned to three groups. Infants assigned to high dose caffeine group were received a loading dose of 40 mg / kg daily, followed by the maintaining dose of 20 mg / kg daily. Neonates in low dose caffeine group were administered with the loading dose of 20 mg / kg daily, followed by maintaining dose of 10 mg / kg daily. Infants in the aminophylline group received a loading dose of 5 mg / kg, then with maintaining dose of 2 mg / kg every 12 hours. Caffeine citrate or aminophylline therapy were continued until the infants were free from apnea for a period of 7 days or when the gestational age of 34 weeks were reached. Extubation failure rate, frequency of apnea, duration of apnea, mechanical ventilation, as well as oxygen therapy, length of hospital stay, mortality, and the adverse effects were compared among three groups. Results 90 infants were enrolled for study, with 30 in each group. Extubation failure rate, frequency of apnea, apnea duraion and oxygen therapy duration of infants in high dose caffeine groups were all significantly lower than those of infants in low dose caffeine group and aminophylline group (P < 0. 05). The incidence of tachycardia was significantly higher in the high dose caffeine group compared to the other two groups (P < 0. 05). Whereas all these factors between low dose caffeine group and aminophylline group were of no statistical difference (P > 0. 05). Duration of mechanical ventilation and CPAP, length of hospital stay, incidence of complications (BPD, ROP, IVH, PVL, NEC ), mortality were of no significant difference among three groups ( P > 0. 05 ) . Conclusions High dose caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity is more effective in decreasing incidence of extubation failure and apnea, as well as decreasing duration of apnea and oxygen therapy. Tachycardia is the only adverse effect of high dose caffeine therapy discovered by this study.

Objective To explore the clinical value of fecal calprotectin (FCP) in peptic ulcer (PU) as an non-invasive indicator of disease activity compared with gastroscope. Methods The study was conducted in 62 patients with PU confirmed by endoscopy ( PU group) and 30 subjects with normal findings under endoscopy ( control group). Fecal sample ( weight 5-10 g) was collected within 3 days after endoscopy and FCP was measured by emzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The case history and clinical data were collected as well. Results The level of FCP in PU group was significantly higher than that in control group ( 154. 72 μg/g vs. 25. 18 μg/g, P < 0.001 ). In patients with PU at active stage ( n = 32), the level of FCP was significantly higher than that at scar stage (n =30,318.34 μg/g vs. 54. 10 μg/g, P <0. 01 ), and that in control group (25.18 μg/g, P <0.01), while there was no significant difference in FCP between the latter two groups ( P >0. 05 ). The level of FCP had no significant correlation with the location, size or number of the ulcer. Among patients in PU group, the level of FCP in patients presented with haematemesis or melena ( n = 20) was significantly higher than that in patients presented with other symptoms ( n = 42, 1257. 41 μg/g vs. 92. 77 μg/g, P < 0. 01 ). Conclusion The level of FCP is closely correlated with the activity of PU, which is significantly higher at active stage than that at scar stage, as well as in PU patients with bleeding than those without. Measurement of FCP is a convenient and noninvasive method with well compliance of patients, which might be used as an indicator of disease activity in PU.