To explore the effects of two breathholding and exerting methods on the second labor course of primiparas.Methods Six hundred primiparas were divided according to the admission time into two groups: the control group and observation group. The former took conventional breathholding and exerting method and the latter breathholding and exerting method with breathing techniques. The two groups were compared in terms of outcome of delivery, rate of episiotomy, time for breathholding and exerting and the hemorrhage volume 2h after delivery, perineal laceration and neonate asphyxia.Results The rate of spontaneous delivery in the observation group was higher than that in the control group. The rate of episiotomy, bleeding volume 2h after delivery and perineal laceration were lower. The breathholding time was significantly shorter(P<0.05).Conclusion Breathholding and exerting at the second stage of labor can reduce energetic consumption and improve the outcome of delivery.

Objective To observe the analgesic effect of Qilong Toutong Granule and explore its underlying mechanisms of action. Methods Kunming mice were randomly divided into blank group, Zhengtian pill group, ibuprofen group, and high-, medium- and low-dose of Qilong Toutong Granule groups. After completing the prophylactic treatment for 3 days, hot-plate test and acetic acid-induced writhing test were used to observe the pain reaction of mice. SD rats were randomly divided into blank group, Zhengtian pill group, model group, rizatriptam group, and high-, medium- and low-dose of Qilong Toutong Granule groups. After gavaged for continuous 7 days, rats were intraperitoneally injected nitroglycerin (10 mg/kg), and 4 hours later, blood samples were collected from postcava for measuring the levels of plasma CGRP and β-EP by radioimmunoassay. Subsequently, rats were perfused transcardially and the brain tissues containing the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5C) were achieved for detecting the expression of Fos protein by immunohistochemical method. Results Qilong Toutong Granule significantly raised the pain threshold, reduced the number of writhing response of mice, remarkably down-regulated the levels of plasma CGRP, up-regulated the levels of plasmaβ-EP and inhibited the expression of Fos protein in Sp5C of rats compared with the model group. Conclusion Qilong Toutong Granule has good analgesic effect and its mechanisms on relieving migraine may be through regulating the levels of neurotransmitters or neuropeptides, and inhibiting the activation of Fos pathway.

Objective To compare the treatment effect of laparoscopic appendectomy(LA) and open appendectomy (OA). Methods One hundred and forty-five cases of LA performed from May 2003 to May 2005, and 142 cases of OA performed from June 2001 to March 2003 were studied retrospectively. Results There was no difference in operative time between group LA and group OA. In the procedure of LA, some occult disease could be discovered and treated, while OA was not. The administration of analgesic, activity time, incidence of incision infection and hospital stay in group LA were better than those of OA group. While the cost of hospitalization in LA was higher than that of OA. Conclusion LA has significant advantages in treating appendicitis and it should be promoted.

Objective To evaluate left atrial function dynamic changes before and after radiofrequency catheter ablation (CA)with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF)and predict the maintain sinus rhythm of postoperative atrial fibrillation by speckle tracking imaging.Methods The study was including 45 cases underwent CA with persistent AF(preoperative 1 week,postoperative 24 hours,3 months,6 months)and 25 normal cases.Left atrial function and strain rate were analysed.These index were measured and calculated:the left atrial diameter index (LADI),left atrial area index (LAAI),left atrial maximum volume index (LAVImax)and left atrial ejection fraction(LAEF),left atrial wall strain rate of left ventricular systolie (SRs),left atrial wall strain rate of left ventricular early diastolie (SRe),left atrial systolic strain rate(SRa) and the average of left atrial wall each phase strain rate.Results ① LADI,LAAI,LAVImax were significantly increased;LAEF,SRs,SRe were decreased significantly;SRa were disappeared with AF compared with the control group.②LADI,LAAI,LAVImax decreased gradually,LAEF,SRs,SRe,SRa were gradually increased with the extension of the follow-up time.③Left atrial average SRs predicted maintenance of sinus rhythm with atrial fibrillation after operation of CA(odds ratio=0.607,95% CI=0.417-0.819,correction of P =0.017)was an independent predictor.Conclusions Speckle tracking imaging can quantitative evaluate left atrial function with persistent AF after CA.Left atrial global reservoir function predicts the efficacy of CA.

Objective To study the relationship between ischemic mitral regurgitation and geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets in patients with coronary artery disease and papillary muscle dysfunction by transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) ,and to evaluate anatomy and pathophysiology mechanicm of the ischemic mitral regurgitation with left ventricular papillary muscle dysfunction .Methods A total of 84 subjects were enrolled in this study .All of the subjects were divided into group A (healthy volunteers constituted the control group ,n =40) ,group B (chronic inferior or posterior myocardial infarction patients with papillary muscle dysfunction group ,n =44) ,group C(patients from group B after mitral valvuloplasty surgery ,n = 20) .The relationship between mitral regurgitation and geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets and mitral annulus were studied by TEE .Results Geometric angle between the mitral valve leaflets and mitral annulus were significantly larger in group B ,and geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets and mitral annulus was positive correlated with degree of mitral regurgitation .Degree of mitral regurgitation significantly reduced in group C ,no significant difference was found at the geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets and mitral valve annular compared with group A .Conclusions The degree of mitral regurgitation were highly correlated with geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets and mitral valve annular in patients with left ventricular papillary muscle dysfunction caused by coronary heart disease .Repair of the mitral valve leaflets surgery can significantly reduce geometric angles of the mitral valve leaflets and mitral valve annular ,and reduce the degree of mitral regurgitation significantly .

Virus inactivation with photochemistry is being suitable for blood or blood products, methylene blue (MB)/light treatment has been used for viral inactivation of cellular blood components. Twelve new phenothiazines derivatives were designed and synthesized, and were used to test viral inactivation and red cell damage preliminary. Results showed that compound YWW-7 has a satisfactory activity, it could be developed as a new viral inactivation agent for blood products.

Objective To investigate the primary angle-closure glaucoma iris weeks after cutting holes cut the width of the near future, long-term effect relationship, selected after close to long-term efficacy of the forecasting methods to improve iridectomy success rate. Methods 90 cases (116 eyes) with primary angle-closure glaucoma were randomly divided into three groups:A group(the width of the iris-week cut-hole cut 1.5mm) ,30 cases 42 eyes;B group(removal of the width of the iris weeks Ceccon 2 mm) ,30 cases 40 eyes;C group(the width of the iris-week cut-lole cut 3 mm) ,30 cases 34 eyes,after over 1 month,they were followed up to observe the intraocular pressure,anterior chamber angle width of the depth, depending on the features, the iris in recent weeks, as well as cutting holes,long-term concurrency disease. Results A:recent surgery success rate of 85.79% ,long-term surgical success rate of 76. 19% ;B group of recent surgery success rate of 87.5% ,long-term surgical success rate of 82.5% ;C group of recent surgery success rate of94.11% ,long-term surgical the success rate of 88.23%, X2 test the difference was significant(P＜ 0. 05) ;3 postoperative IOP decreased in varying degrees compared with the preoperative differences were significant(P＜0.01) ;peripheral angle after deep Random mean :A group of ≥ 1/3CT,compared the difference between before and after surgery were significantly( P ＜ 0.01 ) ;B group and C group ＞ 1/2CT,2 groups were compared before and after surgery the difference was highly significant( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Iridectomy was the treatment of primary angle-closure glaucoma safe and effective method of cutting holes. The width of the iris weeks to 2～3 mmwas appropriate, beneficial to control the iris weeks before the adhesion and angle-cut hole shallow narrowing.

BACKGROUND:Induced pluripotent stem cel s have great prospects in tissue repair, due to the characteristic of self-renewal, multi-directional differentiation, no immunological rejection and ethics controversy.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cel s towards cardiomyocytes and endothelial cel s, and their applications in the cardiovascular diseases.
METHODS:The first author performed a data retrieval of PubMed and CNKI databases from 2000 to 2015 to search articles addressing the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cel s towards cardiomyocytes and endothelial cel s, and reviewed the literatures systematical y. Final y, 78 articles were chosen for further analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Induced pluripotent stem cel s can differentiate into cardiovascular cel s through a variety of methods. Factors such as cyclosporin A and ascorbic acid C may improve myocardial differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cel s, while vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor may improve the endothelial differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cel s. Cardiovascular cel s derived from induced pluripotent stem cel s can be applied to build disease models in vitro, transplantation in vivo and drug screening.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effecacy and safety of using cefotaxime using different doses in perioprative period on the prevention of postoperative infection of lung cancer resection. METHODS:61 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who re-ceived lung cancer resection were retrospectively analyzed divided into cefotaxime 2 g group(26 cases) and cefotaxime 4 g group (35 cases)according to dosage. Cefotaxime 2 g group was treated with Cefotaxime for injetion 2 g 30 min before operation,add-ing into 0.9% sodium chloride injection 100 ml,by intravenous infusion,if the operation time was more than 3 h,cefotaxime 2 g was intravenously infused during operation and cefotaxime 2 g was intravenously infused after operation,interval of 12 h was re-quired for preoperative and postoperative medication time and the total medication time was no more than 48 h. Cefotaxime 4 g group was treated with Cefotaxime for injection 4 g(the usage was the same as cefotaxime 2 g group). Leukocyte,hemoglobin,al-bumin,infection rate and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups before and after operation were observed. RESULTS:There was no significant difference in the infection rates between 2 groups(P>0.05). Leukocyte,hemoglobin and albumin in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05),however,there was no significant dif-ference between 2 groups(P>0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions during treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Small dose of ce-fotaxime has good prevention effect on the postoperative infection of non-small cell lung cancer,with good safety,which meets the principles of rational use of antibiotics.