The corresponding electrocardiographic manifestat of the different culprit vessels in patients with acute myocardial infarct is elaborated and its diagnostic value is discussed.

0.05. CONCLUSIONS Not premixed bacteria fluid groups don't affect the antibiotic susceptibility test of VITEK2 Compact.

To exert the role of high quality resources of national experimental teaching demonstration center in teaching,we have promoted laboratory opening through research teaching.By the contest of university students’experiment designing and inviting public bidding for exploring experiment,we encourage students to conduct innovation research,blazed their orexis and enthusiasm to start scientific research.We also encourage teachers to explore new teaching methods and innovated experimental items.

Objective To study the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on emergence agitation in children undergoing cochlear implantation.Methods Sixty patients (age range,1-4 years) scheduled to undergo pediatric cochlear implantation were enrolled and randomized into the TEAS group (group T,n =30) that received continuous TEAS and the control group (group C,n =30) that did not receive TEAS.Anesthesia time,operation time,change in blood flow dynamics during the perioperative period,extubation time,and PACU stay time were recorded.The incidence of emergence agitation and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) was monitored.Results No significant intergroup differences were observed in age,sex,weight,operation time,and PACU stay time (P ＞ 0.05).The MAP and HR in group T were lower than those in group C at different time points such as 30 min after the start of surgery,the end of the surgery,the extubation and 5 min after extubation,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The FPS-R,FLACC,and PAED scores in group T were lower than those in group C at different time points within 30 min after exmbation (including the time of extubation),and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Extubation time,anesthesia time,and incidence of PONV were lower in group T than in group C,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion TEAS combined with general anesthesia significantly reduces the incidence of emergence agitation in children undergoing surgery for congenital hearing loss;it also helps control hypotension,reheve dramatic hemodynamic changes during the waking period,and reduce the incidence of PONV.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the current situation and developing trend of drugs used in hospitals of Chengdu.METHODS:The data of drugs purchased by 16 hospitals in Chengdu in the years 1997～2000 was collected and analysed.RESULTS:The drug expenses increased faster in years 1998～1999 and the drug expense in 2000 was 3 times as much as that in 1997.The proportion of sum of money spent on anti-infectives was decreasing year by year,which equaled that in developed cities of east China.CONCLUSION:The sum of money of drugs consumed will increase year by year,however,the growth rate may decrease.The proportion of consumption of imported drugs will continuously decrease.

Objective:To analyze risk factors of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with microinvasion (DCIS-MI) and explore suitable axillary lymph node surgery treatment for patients with DCIS-MI. Methods:The clinical characteristics, such as age, menopausal status at diagnosis, size of breast mass, and pathology reports of 45 patients with breast DCIS or DCIS-MI treated at Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University from February 2013 to February 2016, were retrospectively collected and analyzed statistically to deter-mine the risk factors associated with microinvasion. Results:Premenopause (P=0.006), tumor size≥3.15 cm (P=0.006), and family his-tory of malignant tumor (P=0.002) were proven risk factors of DCIS-MI. Conclusion:Patients with clinical palpable axillary mass, pre-menopause, large breast mass, and family history of malignant tumor demonstrated high possibility of DCIS-MI. Hence, sentinel lymph node biopsy should be performed. Axillary lymph node dissection is highly recommended to patients whose main symptom is palpable axillary mass.

BACKGROUND:Systemic erythematosus lupus (SLE) is closely associated with activity of dendritic cells (DCs) function.DCs derive from hematopoietic precursor cells (HPCs) in vivo and many factors might affect the differentiation and maturation of DCs.The cytokine network was in disturbance and the levels of various cytokines were anomalous in SLE serum.Previous studies mainly addressed effects of single factors.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of joint action of serum interferon (IFN)-α and interieukin (IL)-6 in the serum of SLE patients on the differentiation and maturation of DCs derived from CD34~+ HPCs.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The grouping,controlled and completely random designed study was performed at the Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Nanjing Medical University from May 2006 to October 2008.MATERIALS:Peripheral blood samples were collected from 50 SLE patients from the Department of Rheumatology,First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and 30 healthy volunteers from Nanjing Medical University.Cord blood samples were collected from 15 full-term normal delivery neonates from Nanjing Maternity and Children Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University.Informed consent was obtained from all patients and their family members.METHODS:Peripheral blood samples were collected from SLE patients and healthy volunteers.According to serum IFN-α and IL-6 concentrations of normal person,95% reference value range of serum IFN-α and IL-6 concentrations were calculated by the method of percentiles.Above this range represented abnormal increase.Cord blood mononuclear cells were harvested by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation.CD34~+HPCs were purified from cord blood by magnetic cell sorting system (MACS),and cultured to differentiate to DCs.There were 6 groups in this study.Normal serum,SLE serum with elevated levels of IFN-α,SLE serum with elevated levels of IL-6,SLE serum with elevated levels of IFN-α and IL-6,SLE serum with anti-IFN-α and anti-IL-6 neutralizing antibodies,or normal serum with exogenous IFN-α and IL-6 were respectively added to the culture medium in each group.10% volume fraction serum was used in each group,for totally 14 days incubation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The phenotype of DCs was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM).Cytokine production was assessed by ELISA.The capacity of DCs to stimulate allogenic T lymphocyte proliferation and to regulate T cell differentiation was evaluated in a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR).RESULTS:Compared with normal serum,HLA-DR,CD80 and CD86 expression was significantly increased in the medium containing SLE serum with elevated levels of IFN-α,SLE serum with elevated levels of IL-6,SLE serum with elevated levels of IFN-α and IL-6 and normal serum with exogenous IFN-α and IL-6 (P＜0.05),whereas IL-12 levels were significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and capacity of DCs to stimulate allogenic T lymphocyte proliferation was significantly enhanced (P＜0.05).Above-mentioned indexes recovered to a normal level in the medium containing SLE serum with anti-IFN-α and anti-IL-6 neutralizing antibodies.Compared with normal serum,proportion of both CD3~+CD8~-IFN-γ~+ and CD3~+CD8~+IFN-γ~+ T cell subsets was significantly reduced in the medium containing SLE serum with elevated levels of IL-6 (P＜0.05).However,proportion of both CD3~+CD8~-IFN-γ~+ and CD3~+CD8~+IFN-γ~+ T cell subsets was significantly increased in the medium containing SLE serum with elevated levels Of IFN-α,SLE serum with elevated levels of IFN-α and IL-6,normal serum with exogenous IFN-α and IL-6 (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:The joint action of IFN-α and IL-6 in SLE serum promotes the differentiation and maturation of DCs derived from CD34+HPCs and affects the DC-mediated T cell differentiation,which might contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE.

BACKGROUND: Blood stem cells (BSCs) are the most primitive cells in the immune system and can be differentiated into many kinds of cells. As the regulatory cells of immune response, dendritic cells (DCs) have been attracted more and more attention in the field of autoimmune diseases. Due to different resources of precursor cells, DCs have different cytokines, ideal cytokine matching,applying orders, and experimental cultured conditions. Furthermore, development, phenotypic expression, and mature degree are still different.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- a ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) on the culture system and provide improved method for inducing functional DCs in vitro, derived from cord blood CD34+ hematopoietic precursor cells (HPC).DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Observational study, which was performed in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nanjing Medical University from March 2005 to November 2005.MATERIALS: The cord blood was collected from neonatal umbilical cord in the 81 Hospital of Nanjing City. CD34 monoclonal antibody coated magnetic bead system (MACS) was provided by Miltenyi Biotec Company, Germany; human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF), human recombinant interleukin-4 (rhlL-4), and human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-α (rhTNF-α) by Pepro Tech Company, USA.METHODS: CD34+HPC were isolated and purified from umbilical cord blood by using a high-gradient magnetic cell sorting system (MACS). Then the cells were cultured with different culture medium which contained different combinations of cytokines:GM-CSF and TNF-α (GT) or GM-CSF, TNF-α and IL-α (GTI) in order to be induced to differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs).The DCs derived from CD34+HPC were identified for their morphology and phcnotype by FACS and laser scanning con_focal fluorescence microscopy, and also for their abilities of inducing proliferation of allogenic T cells by 3H-TdR incorporation assay.RESULTS: The purity of selected CD34+ cells with MACS was more than 90%. DCs could be obtained from CD34+HPC by the culture in presence of GM-CSF and TNF-α or GM-CSF, TNF- o and IL-4. With the time of culture lasting, the cells expressed lower level surface antigen of CD34 and HLA-DR (P ＜ 0.05), and possessed the phenotypes of DCs characterized by higher expression of CD80, CD86, CD83 and CDIa. At 13-15 days, the cells possessed higher level of phenotypes of DCs compared to 7-9 days and 10-12 days. DCs induced with GTI culture system expressed higher levels of surface antigen CD80, CD86, CD83,CD 1 a and a lower level of CD 14 than those induced with GT culture system. DCs displayed typical morphology and property and expressed higher level surface antigen of CD86 and CD80, especially expressed CD86 when they were induced with proper cytokines of GM-CSF and TNF- α added at 0 hour, and of IL-4 added at 48 hours.CONCLUSION: DCs can be generated from CD34+HPC by proper culture system, the design of GM-CSF + TNF- α + IL-4(GM-CSF and TNF- α were added at 0 hour, IL-4 was added at 48 hours) is preferred.

Objective To evaluate the effects of asymptomatic arteriovenous fistula closure on left ventricular morphology and function in renal transplant recipients.Methods Between March 2007 and March 2011,a total of 60 patients undergoing consecutive kidney transplantation with asymptomatic arteriovenous fistula were divided randomly into two groups: arteriovenous fistula closure group,and non-arteriovenous fistula closure group.By using echocardiography,the changes in CO,CI,EF,LVEDV and LVMI were analyzed.Results At 12th month after transplantation,the values of CO,LVEDV and LVMI were significantly lower than those before transplantation (P＜0.05).The value of CI also showed a tendency to decrease (P＞0.05),and the value of EF was increased significantly (P＜0.05).At 6th month after arteriovenous fistula closure (18 months after transplantation),the values of CO,CI,LVEDV and LVMI were significantly lower than those before arteriovenous fistula closure (12 months after transplantation) (P＜0.05),and the value of EF was increased significantly (P＜0.05),but the values of CO,CI,EF,LVEDV and LVMI remained unc(b)anged in controls (P＞0.05).At 18th month after transplantation,the values of CO (4.4 ±0.8 L/min),CI [3.0 ± 0.8 L·min-1·m-2],LVEDV (110.0 ± 17.4 ml) and LVMI (114.7 ± 42.5g/m2) in trial group were significantly lower than the values [CO: 5.1 ± 0.9 L/min,CI: 3.5 ± 1.0L·min-1·m-2,LVEDV: 121.4±19.3 mL,LVMI: 138.4±44.1 g/m2] in controls (P＜0.05),and the value of EF (75.2％ ± 7.4％ vs.70.5％ ± 8.2％) significantly higher (P＜005).Conclusion In both groups,kidney transplantation benefits significantly the regression of cardiac mass,cardiac index and left ventricular dimensions,but closure of asymptomatic AVF induces more significant regression.

Objective To analyze the possibility of using TCR Vβsubfamily as the diagnostic in-dicators for major histocompatibility complex( MHC) deficiency-induced graft-versus-host disease( GVHD) . Methods The BALB/c mice were given 9.5 Gy (950 rad) of irradiation and transplanted with 106 of T-cell depleted (TCD) bone marrow cells from C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice with MHC Ⅱ deficiency.Two control groups were set up accordingly by injection of TCD bone marrow cells from wild type ( WT) C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice.Several parameters including the body weight, the GVHD clinical score and the survival time of the recipients were monitored.Flow cytometry analysis and mixed lymphocyte culture test were performed for the evaluation of autoimmune responses.Histological examination was used to analyze the severity of GVHD.Results The MHC deficiency-induced GVHD was successfully induced in the irradiated BALB/c mice receiving MHC mismatched allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation ( allo-HCT ) . The MHC matched DBA/2 mice with MHC deficiency could be used as the mice model of subclinical GVHD.Changes of the TCR Vβ6 were consistent with the results of histopathological examination.Conclusion Highly ex-pressed TCR Vβ6 could be used as indicators for the diagnosis of MHC deficiency-induced subclinical GVHD.