Objective To establish a method for determination of matrine in Fuji Lotion. Methods An Inertsil NH2 column (250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m) was used with acetonitrile-ethanol absolute-3% phosphoric acid (83∶8.5∶8.5) as mobile phase, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and the UV detection wavelength was set at 220 nm. Results The calibration curve of matrine was linear in range of 0.039～1.560 ?g, r=0.999 7. The average recovery was 97.8% with RSD of 1.1% (n=6). Conclusion The method is simple, quick and accurate. It can be used for the quality control of Fuji Lotion.

Objective To study the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on emergence agitation in children undergoing cochlear implantation.Methods Sixty patients (age range,1-4 years) scheduled to undergo pediatric cochlear implantation were enrolled and randomized into the TEAS group (group T,n =30) that received continuous TEAS and the control group (group C,n =30) that did not receive TEAS.Anesthesia time,operation time,change in blood flow dynamics during the perioperative period,extubation time,and PACU stay time were recorded.The incidence of emergence agitation and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) was monitored.Results No significant intergroup differences were observed in age,sex,weight,operation time,and PACU stay time (P ＞ 0.05).The MAP and HR in group T were lower than those in group C at different time points such as 30 min after the start of surgery,the end of the surgery,the extubation and 5 min after extubation,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The FPS-R,FLACC,and PAED scores in group T were lower than those in group C at different time points within 30 min after exmbation (including the time of extubation),and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Extubation time,anesthesia time,and incidence of PONV were lower in group T than in group C,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion TEAS combined with general anesthesia significantly reduces the incidence of emergence agitation in children undergoing surgery for congenital hearing loss;it also helps control hypotension,reheve dramatic hemodynamic changes during the waking period,and reduce the incidence of PONV.

Objective To settle the "bottleneck" disputes existed in the key aspect of emergency treatment care of emergency department, long delayed time of medical workers or patients, perplexity of first-aid personnel, less standard in medical records. Methods Comparison experiment was carried out with the traditional model of emergency care in contrast with the new model, besides the service attitude was improved,the awareness of responsibility was strengthened and the first-aid technique was increased. Number of nursing errors and disputes, hospitalization time, satisfaction degree of patients and record trace-ability were observed. Results The nursing errors and disputes reduced by 46%, hospitalization time re-duced by an average of (7.2±0.2) minutes, satisfaction degree of patients increased by 10.99%, leaving 1673 record traceability of care. Conclusions The application of new management processes of nursing interface in emergency department can settle the "bottleneck" disputes of key interface, make the green passage of emergency patients more convenient and is conducive to safe care, less mortality, high work effi-ciency, which proves to be a reference for fellows.

BACKGROUND: Endothelial cell structural and functional integrity is importnat decisive fatcor for ischemic time-window and hemorragic transformation follwing brain ischemic injury.OBJECTIVE: To investiagte the endotheliocyt endurance to various course of ischemic injury basing on dynamical observation of morphological and ultrastructural changes of endotheliocyte during IR injury.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment.SETTING:Neurological Internal Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out in the Animal Experimental Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from March 1998 to March 1999. Totally 53 SD rats were randomly dihours of 6 rats.METHODS: Thread-bolt occlusion method was used to establish focal brain ischemia model on rats. Brain tissue was evenly cut into five coronary segments: namely A, B, C, D and E, segments C underwent TTC staining for marginal region location. segments D was taken for routine dehydration, transparency, envelop, slice and HE staining,optical microscopic observation. Ischemic surrounding area and central brain tissues was obtained from slice B, fixed and enveloped before cutting into ultrathin slices that was observed under transmission electron microscope.the occurring time of hemorrhagic infarction at different ischemic time cell vacuolization degree in foot process layer at different ischemic time points.RESULTS: Totally 53 rats were enrolled in this experiment and all data was entered into results analysis. Under optical microscope: Neuropil loose and small vascular surrounding edema was observed at ischemia 3 hours.Small arterial broken and hemorrhage occurred at ischemia 12 hours reperfusion 3 hours. Under electron microscope: Capillary endothelial nuclear swelling was observed at ischemia 3 hours, with cytoplasmic pinocytosi increasing and vacuolization in foot process layer appearing+; At ischemia 3 hours reperfusion 3 hours, the foot process layer vacuolization in center area was (++) and (+++) in marginal area; while at ischemia 6 hours reperfusion 3 hours, endothelia tight junction opened and vacuolization in foot process layer was (+++); pinocytosis was found obviously reduced after ischemia 12 hours reperfusion 3 hours, mitochondrial swelling was seldom observed, but tight junction increasingly opened and vacuolization in foot process layer appeared (+++) - (++++).CONCLUSION: Obvious structural changes of endotheliocyte appeared in post-ischemia 3 hours, endotheliocyte tight junction openning was observed at ischemia 6 hours, and hemorrage transformation occurred after ischemia 12 hours, mainly at the post-reperfusional ischemia center.

Objective:To investigate the effect of persimmon leaf extract (PLE) on HEK293-APPswe transgenic cells (20E2).Methods:To determine whether the 20E2 cells model was successfully established,the level of Aβ1-40 in SH-SY5Y was detected and 20E2 cells(HEK293 cells stably expressing Swedish mutant APP)cultured in vivo by ELISA kit,and the expression of APP protein level was detected by Western blot.Cell viability was assayed by CCK-8 method and then selected the best concentration.Set groups:SH-SY5Y as normal control group (NC group),20E2 as model group (20E2 group),treating with PLE as treating group (20E2+PLE group).Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of each group were detected with DCFH-DA fluorescent probe.The extracellular level of Aβ1-42 were detected by ELISA kit.Cytoplasmic Nrf2,Nuclear Nri2,Whole-cell HO-1 were detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with model group,the expressions of ROS,Aβ1-42 were down-regulated and the Nuclear Nrf2 and Whole-cell HO-1 were up-regulated in 20E2+PLE group.Conclusion:PLE can reduce the level of oxidative stress of model group effectively,it possibly reduce the aggregation of Aβ1-42 and prevent oxidizing via activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Objective To assess the efficacy of whole body diffusion weighted imaging (WB-DWI) in detecting pediatric primary and metastatic malignant tumor. Methods WB-DWI was performed in 62 healthy pediatric volunteers and 40 pediatric patients with confirmed malignant tumors. The healthy volunteers were divided into three groups: 0 to 12 months, more than 12 months to 5 years and more than 5 to 15 years. The characteristics of WB-DWI imaging were analyzed. McNemar test was used to compare the difference of detection on metastasis between WB-DWI and WB-DWI combined with MRI, CT. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient ( ADC ) values of primary tumors and metastases were measured by using paired t test and compared with those of corresponding body regions of control group. Results WB-DWI imaging shows that signal intensity of metaphysis gradually reduces with increasing age in the normal pediatric group. On WB-DWI primary malignant tumors showed 100％ (40/40) high signal intensity and metastases showed high signal intensity in 89.2％ (58/65) on WB-DWI, with a positive predictive value of 90. 6％ (58/64). The detecting rate for metastases increased to 95.4％ (62/65) when WB-DWI was combined with MRL/CT, with a positive predictive value of 95.4％ (62/65) there was no statistically significant difference ( x2 = 2. 25, P ＞ 0. 05 ). The ADC values of primary malignant tumor sites in head ( n = 5), liver(n=6), kidney(n=8), adrenal(n=ll) were (0.76 ±0. 19) ×10-3 , (0. 97 ±0.29) × 10-3,(0. 81 ±0. 12) × 10-3 and (0. 93 ±0. 28) × 10-3mm2/s and those of corresponding body regions of control group were (1.02 ±0. 11) × 10-3,(1.57 ±0.58) × 10-3, (1.19 ±0. 15) × 10-3 and (2.03 ±0.42) ×10-3mm2/s respectively, there were statistically significant difference( t values were 3.54,3. 84,7. 02 and 12. 57 ;P ＜ 0. 05 ). The A DC values of metastases sites in head ( n = 9 ), liver ( n = 13 ), kidney ( n = 17 ),bone(n =7) and lymph node(n =6) were (0. 88 ±0. 12) × 10-3, (0. 98 ±0. 10) × 10-3, (0. 89 ±0. 11 ) × 10-3, (0. 96 ±0. 15) × 10-3 and (0. 83 ±0. 14) × 10-3mm2/s, and those of corresponding body regions of control group were (1.01 ±0.09) × 10-3, (1.45 ±0.39) × 10-3, ( 1.31 ±0.27) × 10-3, ( 1.34 ±0. 20) × 10 -3 and ( 0. 99 ± 0. 08 ) × 10 -3 mm2/s, there were statistically significant difference ( t values 4. 09,45.50,6. 95,14. 00 and 9. 27 ;P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions Increased signal intensity is more frequently observed in metaphysis of long bone in normal children on WB-DWI. With a high detection rate for primary and metastatic malignant tumors, WB-DWI combined with conventional CT; MRI can significantly improve their sensitivity.

Objective: To investigate the expression of midkine (MK) gene in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the clinical significance of MK thereof. Methods: The real-time PCR was used to assay MK gene expression in bone marrow of 15 normal children and 124 childhood ALL patients, including 73 patients in progression and 51 patients in complete remission. Three stratifications of progressing patients were established by prognostic factors such as white blood cell count, age, immunopherotype and response to the 7-day prednisolone prephase. Results: The significant statistic difference in MK gene expression was found between the progression group, the complete remission group and the normal group (P< 0.01). The MK gene expression was over-expressed in B-ALL than that in normal group. Furthermore, there was statistic difference between B-ALL and T-ALL (P< 0.01). But there was no difference in MK mRNA expression between the normal control and T-ALL. The assay in risk stratifications showed that the levels of MK gene were higher in standard risk group and mid-risk group than that in high risk group (P< 0.01 and P< 0.05, respectively). There was no significant difference between standard risk group and mid -risk group (P = 0.32). No correlations were found between MK level and age, gender or lactate dehydrogenase level in serum. The expression of MK was significantly lower in the group with higher white blood cells(WBC≥ 25×10~9/L) than that with lower WBC (WBC<25×l0~9/L) in peripheral blood (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The high level of MK was a favorable prognostic factor in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients.

Objective: To compare the biomechanical performance between the single- versus double-threaded cannulated screws in the treatment of femoral neck fractures of Pauwels type Ⅲ. Methods: Models of femoral neck fracture of Pauwels type Ⅲ (70°) were made of the Sawbone synthetic composite femurs. All specimens were divided into 2 groups (n=12). Group A was fixated with single-threaded cannulated screws and group B with double-threaded cannulated screws, both in an inverted triangle configuration. The screws ranged from 90 to 95 mm in length and from 7.3 to 7.5 mm in diameter. All the specimens were subjected to axial stiffness and failure load tests with 7° valgus (simulating normal two-legged weight-bearing stance) and 25° valgus (simulating normal one-legged weight-bearing stance) and torsion test as well. The 2 groups were compared in the torques at axial stiffness angles of 1°, 2°, 3°, 5° and 7°. Results: Group B had significantly greater axial stiffness at 7° valgus and 25° valgus (89±26 N/mm and 128±37 N/mm) and failure load (1,154±368 N) than group A did (36±12 N/mm and 47±16 N/mm; 688±94 N) (P< 0.05). The torques increased with the increase in rotation angle in both groups. However, the torques in group B (3.26±0.96, 4.16±1.23, 4.64±1.13, 5.59±1.26 and 6.53±1.47 N·m) were all significantly larger than in group A (1.44±0.19, 2.03±0.41, 2.33±0.62, 2.74±0.87 and 3.05±1.07 N·m) (P<0.05). Conclusion Double-threaded cannulated screws may provide better biomechanical stability than single-threaded ones, due to their substantial improvement in anti-compression and anti-rotation performance.

Objective To study the role and mechanism of orexin A in cell viability of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cell model PC12. Methods PC12 cells were treated with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μmol/L Aβ25-35 for 24 h, and then, cell viability was measured by MTT to confirm which concentration was the suitable one to establish the AD cell models. (1) AD cell models were treated with 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 2μmol/L orexin A for 24 h, and then, 30μmol/L Aβ25-35 was added for 24 h; MTT assay was used to determine the cell viability to conform the suitable concentration of orexin A. (2) Inverted phase contrast microscope was employed to observe the morphology changes of PC12 cells from the control group, 30 μmol/L Aβ25-35 treatment group, and 0.01 μmol/L orexin A+30 μmol/L Aβ25-35 treatment group. (3) The PC12 cells were given pretreatment of orexin A receptor inhibitor SB408124 for 2 h, and cell viability was detected. Results (1) Aβ25-35 at concentration 30μmol/L was the suitable one to establish the AD cell models;after being pretreated with different concentrations of orexin A, the cell viability showed significant differences (F=27.120, P=0.000), and 0.01μmol/L orexin A was the suitable concentration. (2) Some of the cells from the 30μmol/L Aβ25-35 treatment group had breaking-off of protuberance and damaged soma;cells from 0.01μmol/L orexin A+30μmol/L Aβ25-35 treatment group had breaking-off of protuberance, and the degree of damaged soma was eased as compared with that in the 30μmol/L Aβ25-35 treatment group. (3) If the cell viability of the control group was 100％, cell viability of orexin A receptor inhibitor group was 109.10％±0.36％, which was significantly decreased as compared with that in the 0.01 μmol/L orexin A pretreated group (117.24％±2.72％, P<0.05). Conclusion Orexin A can improve the cell viability via combination of its specific receptor; orexin A and its specific receptor may be new targets for prevention and cure of AD.

Objective:To study the influence of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) specific agonist G1 and antagonist G2 in epilepsy susceptibility of temporal lobe epileptic rats.Methods:Sixty rats were randomly divided into control group, G1 treatment group and G15 treatment group ( n=20). Rats in the latter two groups were intraperitoneally injected with GPER1 agonist G1 (10 μg) or antagonist G15 (40 μg) for a consecutive 12 d. Lithium chloride pilocarpine epilepsy models were prepared in the 3 groups. The behavior manifestations of these rats were observed within 1 h of intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine; Racine grading was used to evaluate the severity of epileptic seizures every 5 min; the latency of epileptic seizures (Racine grading IV) and epileptic seizure grading at different time points in the 3 groups were compared. The EEG monitoring was performed to these rats, and EEG data were recorded from 10 min before pilocarpine injection to 2 h after pilocarpine injection; EEG time-frequency was analyzed by Fast-Fourier transform (FFT); distribution of brain electrical energy and changes of θ and α wave energy during 20 min of epileptic status were compared among the 3 groups. Results:(1) As compared with that in the control group and G1 treatment group, the latency of epileptic seizures in the G15 treatment group was significantly shortened ( P<0.05); 15 and 20 min after pilocarpine injection, the epileptic seizure grading of rats in G1 treatment group was statistically lower than that in control group ( P<0.05); 15-35 min after pilocarpine injection, the epileptic seizure grading of rats in G15 treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group ( P<0.05). (2) As compared with those in the control group, rats in the G1 treatment group had smaller brain wave amplitude, while the rats in the G15 treatment group had earlier seizure time, larger brain wave amplitude and higher frequency. There were no obvious changes in the amount of brain electrical energy between the G1 treatment group and control group; while the amount of brain electrical energy in the G15 treatment group 2 h after pilocarpine injection was higher than that in the control group. As compared with those in the control group and G1 treatment group, the θ and α wave energy values of rats in the G15 treatment group were significantly increased within 20 min of epileptic status ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Activation level of GPER1 might be associated with susceptibility to epileptic seizures, and specific inhibition of GPER1 activation can enhance the susceptibility to epilepsy and increase the energy values of specific frequency bands during epilepsy.