Malignant gliomas represent the largest group of brain tumors in humans. Recent studies have explored the molecular changes and apoptosis on gliomas, which involved the molecular etiology malignant progression, molecular subtyping, gene therapy, and prognostic evaluation of gliomas. This paper reviewed the relevant advances in the field of gliomas molecular biology.

Objective:To study the mechanism of effect of miR-21 via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in human A549 lung cancer cells and Lewis lung carcinoma in mice. Methods:The effect of miR-21 on A549 cells were detected by MTT method. MiR-21 expression levels were overexpressed or inhibited in A549 cells by transfecting with miR-21 mimics or inhibitors. Correlation among key molecules (Wnt1,β-catenin, CyclinD1 and miR-21) of mRNA and protein levels in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were studied by Real-time PCR and Western blot hybridization assay. Invasive ability of A549 cells was determined via Transwell chamber cell invasion assay;the role of miR-21 in A549 cells was explored via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. A Lewis lung carcinoma animal model was established to detect miR-21 expressions in tumor animals and controlled animal tissues, and verify expression changes of the above moleculesin the Wnt/ β-catenin signaling pathway was determined in the animal level. Results:MTT assay results showed that miR-21 overexpression could markedly enhance cell absorbance value;that is, miR-21 could increase the ability proliferation of A549 cells.β-catenin and CyclinD1 expression levels were significantly higher in miR-21 mimic transfected cells (P<0.05), and Wnt1 gene had no significant change. Wnt1,β-catenin and CyclinD1 gene expression showed no significant change when miR-21 expression was suppressed, compared with controls. After cells were transfected with miR-21 mimics, cell invasion assay revealed that the perforated cells was significantly higher than the perforated cells in the control group (P<0.01). Lewis lung assay revealed that miR-21 expression levels in the Lewis lung carcinoma were significantly higher;and at the same time, Wnt1,β-catenin and CyclinD1 gene expression levels were significantly increased, compared to controls. Conclusions: In A549 human lung cancer cells and Lewis lung carcinoma in mice, key moleculesβ-catenin and CyclinD1of miR-21 expressions and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway are positively correlated.

By analyzing relevant documents of procurement of drugs with target quantity in Shanghai, com-bined with onsite investigations and interviews, this paper summarizes the practice of procurement of drugs with target quantity in Shanghai from six aspects, namely the basic situation of centralized procurement, pilot scope and variety of procurement of drugs with target quantity, business qualification and certification, determination of successful bid-der, drug distribution, and drug payment settlement. This paper argues that Shanghai has successfully implemented the policy of procurement of drugs with target quantity, by scientifically establishing a comprehensive evaluation index of quality, setting up private drug procurement accounts, prepaying drug procurement loans and strengthening plat-form services and regulatory capabilities, in order to effectively guarantee the operation of procurement of drugs with target quantity. From this case study of Shanghai, it can draw the following implications that in order to successfully achieve procurement of drugs with target quantity mechanism, setting up functional departments of unified authority is the most important guarantee, and using technical means and platform building is the basic conditions. Therefore, the setting up of economic and technical bidding should focus on the individual properties of generic drugs, and the pro-moting of tripartite system reform will help to further expand the scope of procurement of drugs with target quantity.

[Objective] To search a reasonable approach to the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NC) with traditional Chinese medicine integrated with western medicine. [ Methods ] Seventy - six cases of NC were randomized into Group A and Group B. Group A ( n = 39) was treated with herbs for activating blood and removing blood - stasis, nourishing yin and clearing heat during radiotherapy and herbs for replenishing qi and nourishing yin, generating body fluid, moistening dryness and clearing heat after radiotherapy. Group B ( n = 37) was treated with radiotherapy alone. Short - term therapeutic effect, long - term survival rate, the relief of main symptoms, the reduction of cervical lymph node metastasis and side effect of radiotherapy in the two groups were observed. [ Results ] After treatment, the complete relief (CR) rate was 84.6% and 15.4% and partial relief (PR) rate was 73.0% and 27.0% in Group A and B respectively, the differences being significant ( P

Bile duct injury is the most common complications of biliary surgery.With the development of tissue engineering,using artificial bile duct to treat the biliary tract disease has become the focus for the treatment of bile duct injury.This article summarizes the applications in clinical work and animal experiment of artificial bile ducts made of biological material,autologous tissue,non-absorbable polymer materials,as well as absorbable polymer materials in the clinical application and animal experiments.The advantageof each material is also discussed here.

BACKGROUND:Implant stability is the basic requirement of osseointegration and also one of important parameters to judge whether the implant is implanted successfully. Generaly, the implant stability is closed related to bone quality (bone hardness and bone density) in the implant zone, implant shape, diameter and length. OBJECTIVE:To continuously monitor the changing trend of implant stability during early healing period due to the utilization of osteotome technique by resonance frequency analysis. METHODS:Twenty patients with class Ⅳ defects in the posterior maxila who underwent implant restoration (4.8 mm×12 mm) from 2010 to 2011 at the Department of Stomatology, the 521 Hospital of China North Industries Group Corporation were recruited. Resonance frequency analysis was used to measure the implant stability at implant insertion, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al the implants achieved osseintegration uneventfuly within 12 weeks. At implant instalation, the mean implant stability quotient value was 69.66±4.75. An increase trend in implant stability quotient values was visible within 1 week, and the implant stability quotient value reached the peaked at 1 week, and then decreased to the lowest point at 2 weeks, which were significantly different from that at implant instalation (P < 0.05). In the secondary stability phase, the increasing slope of implant stability quotient values reached a plateau by the 8th week. The resonance frequency analysis can estimate the quantitative change of implant stability after applying the osteotome technique, and the osteotome technique can promote the implant initial stability.

Objective To investigate the expressions of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptors in keloid. Methods Serum and skin tissue specimens were collected from 20 patients with keloid, 20 patients with hyperplastic scar and 20 normal human controls. Fluorospectrophotometer was used to measure the serum level of AGEs, and immunohistochemistry and Western blotting to detect the expressions of AGEs and AGER in skin tissue specimens. Results The serum level of AGEs was (0.713 ± 0.098) AU/ml and (0.699 ± 0.077) AU/ml respectively in patients with keloid and those with hypertrophic scar, significantly higher than that in normal controls (0.179 ± 0.056 AU/ml, F = 283.82, P < 0.01 ). A positive expression of AGEs and AGER was observed in tissue specimens of keloid and hyperplastic scar, but not in the control specimens. As Western blotting showed, the expressions of AGEs and AGER were higher in tissue specimens of keloid and hyperplastic scar than in the control specimens (F = 18.04, 42.80, both P < 0.05), while no significant difference between keloid and hyperplastic scar tissue specimens was observed (P> 0.05). Conclusion There is a high expression of AGEs and AGER in keloid, which may contribute to the development of keloid.

As a new kind of perioperative management strategy and ideas,enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) brings a series of traditional perioperative treatment measures for optimization based on evidence-based medicine.Its primary aim is to decrease surgery-related stress,complications,and also to facilitate recovery with multimodal treatments.The ERAS pathway has been widely applied and proved to be efficient in gastrointestinal,colorectal,orthopedic,thoracic and gynecological surgery.Owing to the complexity of surgical procedure,long operation time and high perioperative complication rate in liver transplantation compared with other surgeries.This new concept has not been widely accepted or recommended in liver transplantation,although some previous studies have validated its safety and effectiveness.This paper overviewed the recent literature on the specific procedures,efficacy,safety and development of ERAS applied in liver transplantation.

OBJECTIVE:To study the development and status quo of narcotics and psychotropic substances (NPS) in China since 1949,and to provide evidence for perfection of NPS control work in China. METHODS:The development and status quo of controlled substances control by China since 1949 were summarized and analyzed through retrieving and collecting literatures,re-ports and policies about NPS from domestic and foreign databases,news reports and related website. RESULTS & CONCLU-SIONS:Chinese narcotics and psychotropic substances control dated back to the release of Interim Regulations on Narcotics Con-trol in 1950 and Regulations on Narcotics Control,Drug Administration Law and other regulations have been issued. It had experi-enced the progress from no legal basis to having laws to follow and from executive-leading to legalization. Narcotics and psychotro-pic substances were gradually unified in systematic control,and the level of regulations rised from department rules to administra-tion regulation. At present,with Regulations on Narcotics and Psychotropic Drugs Control (2005) as regulatory basis and cata-logue of narcotics and psychotropic substances(2013)as object,China Food and Drug Administration are in charge of the national regulation,cooperating with health department,agricultural department,traffic department and other departments.

OBJECTIVE:To study the development and status quo of controlled drugs control in Britain,and to provide evi-dence for narcotics and psychotropic substances(NPS)control in China. METHODS:The development and status quo of NPS con-trol by Britain were summarized and studied through retrieving and collecting literatures,reports and policies about NPS from do-mestic and foreign databases,news reports and international website. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:British control for controlled drugs dated back to Pharmacy Act in 1868,and Britain was the first country to control drugs by legislations. A unique British sys-tem of narcotics control was established and improved after issued Rolleston Report and two pieces of Brain Report in Britain. Final-ly,the British system of narcotics control was established,which combined public health prevention with judicial redress. At pres-ent,controlled drugs are classified and controlled by Advisory Committee on Drug Abuse,Serious Organised Crime Agency and National Drug Abuse Treatment Agency subordinated to Ministry of Interior,based on Misuse of Drugs Act.