Hypoxia results from long-term anti-angiogenic therapy and can stimulate hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). HIF-induced hy-poxia signaling is involved in various steps in tumor invasive-metastatic cascade. On the one hand, HIFs regulate epithelial-mesenchy-mal transition. On the other hand, the characteristics of pericytes around vessels and the links among endothelial cells can change;thus, tumor cells can more easily intravasate into blood vessels, survive in peripheral blood, and then reach specific organs, ultimately resulting in metastasis. This review discusses the emerging mechanisms of long-term anti-angiogenic therapy and the occurrence of metastasis.

Malignant tumor therapy has entered a new era ofprecise treatment.Nowadays, targeted anti-angiogenic agents have become a popular research topic that continues to attract increasing interest. Tumor immune escape plays an indispensable role in therapeutic resistance. Anti-angiogenic therapies not only prevent the tumor angiogenesis and suppress tumor growth but also neu-tralize tumor escape from a host's immune system by reducing the immunosuppressive cells and increasing the number of tumor-infil-trating lymphocyte (TIL) and cytotoxic lymphocte (CTL). This paper aims to review the mechanism underlying the manner by which an-ti-angiogenesis enhances immunity by influencing tumor microenvironment.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an important member of the STAT family of signaling pro-teins. STAT3 is widely expressed in different types of cells and tissues and is involved in many physiological and pathological process-es, including cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and malignant transformation. Over recent years, increased attention has been given on the role of STAT3 in tumor angiogenesis and radiation sensitivity. Studies show that on the one hand, following activation, STAT3 promotes angiogenesis by directly regulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and then causes radiation resistance. On the other hand, STAT3 indirectly promotes angiogenesis by activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α), thus producing radio-therapy tolerance. Moreover, STAT3 can directly or by HIF-1αindirectly regulate CyclinD1 expression, thus rapidly promoting cell pro-gression through G1 into the S phase of the cell cycle and enhancing cell proliferation. In addition to regulating the cell cycle, CyclinD1 plays a key role in radiation sensitivity. Results suggest that STAT3 plays a role in tumor angiogenesis and radiation resistance via di-rect and indirect mechanisms. In this review, we summarize recent research advances on the role of STAT3 in regulating tumor angio-genesis and radiation sensitivity.

Objective To improve the quality of medical image and enhance the image in range of frequency area.Methods Images were enhanced by adopting the arithmetic of Laplacian and Sobel,and using image multiplication and addition.The effects were compared.Results After being transformed in Laplacian,the interior frame of original image turned to be obvious and the original image was led into much noise simultaneously.In comparison with the former one,the image would be more smooth after being transformed by Sobel.Treated by average filter,the influence of noise and tiny detail would be reduced.Conclusion The toolbox of Matlab can simplify the program work,which provides a method for medical image processing.

The mature Wistar rats were fed with high lipid diet for 8 weeks together with 3 levels (30, 60, or 120mg/day) of dl-?-tocopheryl acetate supplementation. At the end of the experiment, serum vitamin E and lipids were measured by fluorescence analysis and enzymologic method, liver crude fat was measured by Soxhlet method, liver glycogen content and fat accumulation in parenchymal cells were estimated by histo-chemical procedure and liver lipid peroxidation was evaluated by fluorescence analysis respectively. The results showed that the high lipid diet induced hypercholesterolemia and fatty liver associated with a decrease in serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol and an increase in liver peroxidation. Overall vitamin E caused no significant decrease in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and no significant increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol level, except serum vitamin E level had a positive correlation with serum cholesterol level, but could inhibit the neutral fat accumulation in liver cells and liver peroxidation in rats.The levels of serum cholesterol, or the serum vitamin E and VE/CHO were higher in females than those in males significantly when dl-a-tocopheryl acetate was given to the rats fed with high lipid diet.

Epigenetics consists of DNA methylation,post-translational modification of histon,microRNA and long non-coding RNA,which regulate angiogenesis by acting on different targets.Epigenetics has become potential targets of anti-angiogenesis in tumor.

Objective To evaluate the effect of surgical treatment in facial nerve paralysis.Methods Clinical data of 29 cases in facial nerve paralysis were retrospectively analyzed.All of the 29 cases of facial paralysis,18 cases is the suppurative otitis media,9 cases is the temporal bone fracture,2 cases is the neoplasms of the temporal bone.The 29 cases of facial nerve paralysis were surgical treatment.8 cases by vertical segment or horizontal segment of facial nerve decompression,19 cases by the stylomastoid foramen to the geniculate ganglion of facial nerve decompression,2 cases by the itratemporal course of facial nerve decompression.1 case was underwent end-to-end anastomosis,2 cases of the greater auricular or the sural nerve graft for repairing facial nerve defect.All data were analyzed with Rank sum test.Results Makes a follow-up visit for 6～18 months,the facial nerve function(House-Brackman grading system)before the technique Ⅱ 6.9%,Ⅲ17.2%,Ⅳ34.5%,Ⅴ 31.0%,Ⅵ 10.3%,after the technique,restores Ⅰ 6.9%,Ⅱ27.6%,Ⅲ27.6%,Ⅳ 24.1%,Ⅴ 13.8%,statistics analysis facial nerve function restoreS has the significance difference(P＜0.005).Conclusions The facial nerve decompression and the nerve graft are useful method to treat facial paralysis.Surgical treatment of facial paralysis is satisfied in the suppurative otitis media and the temporal bone fracture.

Objective To elucidate the effects of thalidomide on proliferation of human renal cell line 786-0 and the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in this cell line. Methods Cell was treated with different doses of thalidomide(6.25 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml) respectively or normal saline as control; cell survival rate was analyzed by MTT assay. The mRNA level of bFGF was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). bFGF protein expression in 786-0 cells was detected by flow cytometry (FCM). Results Thalidomide, ranging from 6.25 μg/ml to 100 μg/ml, suppressed the proliferation of 786-0 cell line in vitro significantly. After application of thalidomide for 48 and 72 hours, the IC50 was 46.42 μg/ml and 19.56 μg/ml respectively. Apoptosis rate increased from 12.43 % to 30.30 %, accompanying with reducing expression of bFGF. Application of thalidomide (25 μg/ml) induced the most significant inhibition to the bFGF in the cell line. Conclusion Thalidomide down-regulates bFGF expression, inhibit the proliferation, and induce apoptosis in 786-0 cell line.

Objective To explore the feasibility and efficacy of windowing middle meatus maxillary sinus and the frontal recess of tears to treat complex maxillary sinus under the nasal endoscope.Methods Clinical data of 22 patients with complex maxillary sinus lesions were analyzed retrospectively,which were adopted by the approach surgical treatment of through windowing middle meatus maxillary sinus and the frontal recess of tears.In which varus papilloma in 11 cases,5 cases of fungal maxillary sinusitis,3 cases of hemorrhagic and necrotic polyps,recurrent nasal polyps in 3 patients.After operation,they were all taken CT or MRI examination.Nasal cavity and other sinus lesions were first removed,the maxillary sinus ostium were opened through the nasal passages.Then,the maxillary sinus lesions were removed by the frontal recess of tears operation.Results Through the treatment of postoperative nasal cavity irrigation,these cases were followed up for 6 to 18 months.All cases incisions were healed completely,sinus cavity epithelium and clinical symptoms disappeared gradually.No injuries of nasolacrimal duct and complications such as facial numbness.Conclusion The method of the nasal passages joint the frontal recess of tears to treat the complex maxillary sinus benign lesions is a worthy selection of surgical procedures.Its eye shot is open and convenient operation,it can remove maxillary sinus lesions thoroughly and has fewer complications.

Primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) are rare diseases caused by inherent defects of the immune system,the main clinical manifestations are increased susceptibility to infections,autoimmune diseases and malignancies.For such rare diseases,it's essential to establish national patient online database for collaborative studies.By using hypertext preprocessor (PHP) and MySQL,the database and registration system are successfully set up,and itcould complete inquiries for the information saving,export,query,retrieval,backup etc.This database includes patient's information on the diagnosis,clinical manifestations,laboratory examinations,treatments.Through communication and information-sharing between multiple centers,it creates a basis for nationwide research on PID.