Objective To explore the clinical value of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) in percutaneous transcatheter closure treatment of atrial septal defect (ASD). Methods The sizes,shapes and sites of ASD were visualized by RT-3DE and measured by full volume rendered three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) before operation and after closure operation in 11 ASD patients,and compared with those from two-dimensional echocardiography(2DE) and the operation. Results Before the operation,RT-3DE visualization showed that the secundum ASD′s sites of the 11 patients were central and shapes were mostly ellipse. In this study a significant difference was found in the measurements of long distances of ASD between 3DE and 2DE [( 28.9 ? 8.2 )mm vs ( 20.0 ? 7.3 )mm,P 0.05 ]. Maximal diameters of defects measured by 2DE[( 21.1 ? 3.5 )mm,P

0.05)respectively.Conclusions:Treatment of condylar process fracture should be based on the type of the fracture.

Ojective To evaluate a new operation procedure for the treatment of circumferential mixed hemorrhoids. Methods 187 cases were treated by anal pad-preserving ligation resection, while 77 cases by routine procedures of stripping off the varicose masses of the external hemorrhoids and ligation the internal one as the control. Results Healing time of the operative wound were (17?4)d in the the study group and (24?4)d in the controls respectively( t =9.24, P 0.05). Postoperative urinary dysfunction: 14.4% of cases developed in the study group and 27.3% in the controls(? 2=8.42, P

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of transureteroscopic Holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy on ureteral calculi.Methods105 cases of ureteral stones were treated by transureteroscopic Holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy. The transverses of stones were 4～15 mm and the vertical lengths were 5～25 mm.ResultsSuccessful lithotripsy was achieved on one session in 98 cases (95%), with the stones completely expelled within 2～6 weeks. Complications occurred in 4 cases and stones moved up in 3 cases.ConclusionThe transureteroscopic Holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy is an effective and safe method for ureteral calculi.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of three different placental preparations in the treatment of childhood vitiligo.MethodsEighty-two children with vitiligo were divided into 3 groups to be topically treated with melagenine,human placental tissue fluid and human placental lipopolysaccharide respectively.All the patients were additionally treated with infrared rays for 20 minutes twice daily.The drugs were topically applied with an interval of 5 minutes during the irradiation.ResultsThe response rate was 75.65％,35.00％ and 44.44％ respectively in the melagenine-,human placental tissue fluid- and human placental lipopolysaccharide-treated patients,and significant differences were observed between the three groups of patients(all P ＜ 0.05).In particular,melagenine was superior to the other two preparations for the treatment of large areas of vitiligo on the scalp.ConclusionThe 3 placental preparations combined with infrared irradiation show favorable efficacy for the treatment of childhood vitiligo.

Objective To investigate the comprehensive prevention strategy in the prevention of oral mucositis (OM) during allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods A total of 721 patients who received HSCT from January 2010 to December 2011 at the Institute of Hematology, Peking University were enrolled. All the patients received the comprehensive prevention strategy of OM. Results A total of 315 patients (43.7 percents) suffered from OM during HSCT, the median time from HSCT to OM occurrence was 5 days. There were 173 (54.9 percents), 91(28.9 percents), 37(11.7 percents), and 14(4.4 percents) patients suffered from gradeⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ, and IV OM, respectively. Tongue OM was most common. A total of 111 patients suffered from multiple OM (≥2 locations). Multiplicity showed that duration of agranulocytosis≥15 days was the only independent risk factor of OM in HSCT [ hazard ratio (HR) value 1.5, P<0.05 ]. Neutrophil engraftment time≥12 days was significantly associated with prolonged OM (≥8 days) (HR=2.1, P<0.05). Patient age ≥20 was independent risk factor for occurrance of grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ OM (HR=2.7, P<0.05). Conclusions Comprehensive prevention strategy can overcome the risk factors of OM and prevent the occurrence of OM during HSCT.

Objective To investigate technique,effect,complications of limb salvage surgery for malignant tumors of the proximal tibia involving the fibula.Methods Between November 1998 and February 2010,32 patients with malignant tumors of the proximal tibia involving the fibula underwent limb salvage surgery in our institute.There were 21 males and 11 females,aged from 10 to 66 years (average,23.4years).There were 23 cases of osteosarcoma,5 cases of chondrosarcoma,1 case of malignant giant cell tumor,and 3 cases of soft tissue sarcoma.All patients received en bloc resection of tumor including proximal tibia and fibula.During operations,ligation of anterior tibial vessels was performed in 14 patients,anastomosis of posterior tibial vessels in 1 patient,both ligation of anterior tibial vessels and anastomosis or replacement of posterior tibial vessels in 5 patients.The common peroneal nerve was resected in 4 patients,and the deep peroneal nerve was resected in 5 patients.The reconstruction methods included prosthetic replacement in 24 patients,replacement with inactivated autograft-prosthesis composite in 5 patients,and replacement with inactivated autograft in 3 patients.The caput mediale musculi gastrocnemii flap was transferred to reconstruct soft tissue defect in 14 patients,while caput laterale musculi gastrocnemii flap was transferred in 1patient.Results All patients were followed up for 11 to 159 months (average,39.4 months).Local recurrence occurred in 6 patients (18.8％).The overall 5-year survival rate was 51.2％.Fourteen patients died of tumor metastasis,2 survived with tumor,and 16 patients survived without tumor.Variant complications occurred in 15 patients (46.9％).The complications included ischemia of the lower leg in 4 patients,peroneal nerve palsy in 12 patients (permanent palsy in 9 patients and temporary palsy in 3 patients),wound healing problem in 4 patients,deep infection in 1 patient,and periprosthetic fracture in 1 patient.The mean MSTS 93 score was 21.6 points (72％).Conculusion The indications of limb salvage surgery for malignant tumors of the proximal tibia involving the fibula should be restricted.Although complications are encountered frequently,most patients have acceptable postoperative function.

The special trichrome stain and immunocytochemical stain were used to show neurites, Schwann's cells in cultured pe-ripheral nerve tissue. The dorsal root ganglia(DRG) of rat were cultured on polypyrrole membrane for 2 weeks. Then, the cul-tured speciments were stained by special stain, which was composed of hematoxylin, fast green FCF. ehromotrope 2R and phos-photungstic acid; or by immunocytochemical stain with anti-S-100 protein and anti-neurofilament antibodies. In the specialtrichrome stained specimen the long processes from DRG were stained aquamarine blue; part of the cell nuclei on the processes orpolypyrrole membrane were stained red or purplish red, and the cytoplasm ashen. We testified that the long processes from DRGwere neurites and the cells which were purplish red nuclei and ashen cytoplasm were Schwann's cells in immunocytochemicalstain. The special staining could differentiate neurites and Schwann's cells in cultured peripheral nerve tissue.

Objective To study the value of CT perfusion in differential diagnosis of local recur and local radiofibrosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) at pre-and post-radiotherapy.Methods Dynamic CT scan was performed in 71 objectives: 14 in local recur group,22 in radiofibrosis group,15 in pre-radiotherapy NPC group and 20 in control group,the time-density curve(TDC) and the data of perfusion parameters were recorded and analyzed statistically.Results The TDC feature between local recur group,pre-radiotherapy NPC group and radiofibrosis group,control group had difference.The average of blood flow(BF) had significant differences by two by two comparison in four groups(P

Objective To investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress ( ERS) in human brain gliomas cell(SHG-44) apoptosis induced by proteasome inhibitor MG-132. Methods Human glioma cells were passage cultured. Glioma cells were treated by MG-132 with varying concentration(5, 10, 15 and 50 μmol/L) for 24 h. Compared with cells prior to the treatment (control group), cell viability was detected by MTT assay and the expression of ERS associated proteins GRP78 and apoptosis associated proteins Caspsse-12 was examined by PCR and Western-blotting. Results After MG-132 treatment for 24 h, SHG-44 cell viability was decreased significantly (39 %) (P <0.05), and continued to show a significant decline with the increasing concentration of MG-132 (P <0.05). RT-PCR results showed that the expression of ERS associated proteins GRP78 in SHG-44 cells were significantly increased after 5, 10, 15 and 50 μmol/L MG-132 treatment, and the expression of Caspase-12 was significantly increased after 5 μmol/L MG-132 treatment, slightly increased after 10 and 15 μmol/L treatment compared with that after 5 μmol/L treatment and reached the peak after 50 μmol/L treatment. Western-blotting results of GRP78 in SHG-44 cells were same as results of RT-PCR. Conclusion ERS may be involved in the apoptosis of gliomas cells induced by proteasome inhibitor MG-132.