Objective To investigate the relationship of plasma homocysteine and the polymorphism of MTHFR gene with ischemic stroke in type 2 diabetes. Methods Serum Hcy ,folic acid and the polymorphism of MTHFR gene were compared among 81 T2DM patients with brain infarction (T2DM+BI) and 325 T2DM patients without brain infarction (T2DM ). Results All the genotypes of T2DM group and T2DM+BI group followed the hardy‐weinberg law. There was no significant difference in the frequency of mutant alleles (T) in site 677 of MTHFR gene and in frequency of TT genotype between the groups of T2DM and T2DM + BI (64.15% vs 60.15% and 42.5% vs 34.5% ,P > 0.05 ). The concentration of Hcy was significantly higher in patients with TT genotype than with CC genotype (14.4 ± 7.86) vs (10.58 ± 3.37)mmol/L(P<0.01). Conclusion There is no correlation between polymorphism of MTHFR gene and stroke in T2DM patients. The mutation of MTHFR C677T is associated with hyperhomocysteinemia.

Objective To compare the sensitivity and specificity of neutrophil CD64 and C-reactive protein( CRP) in the diagnosis of bacterial infection by Meta-analysis. Methods A computerized literature search of PubMed,Embase and Science Citation Index Expanded was conducted to retrieve studies related to evaluating the diagnosis value both of neutrophil CD64 and CRP in bacterial infectious diseases before January 2015. The methodological quality of each included study was assessed. The method of statistical analysis was dichotomous Meta- analysis using STATA 12. 0 software. Results Ultimately we included a total of 10 studies with 1 057 specimens in neutrophil CD64 group and 1 063 specimens in CRP group. Neutrophil CD64 compared with CRP in the sensitivity,OR=1. 755,95%CI(1. 041,2. 958),P=0. 035,while in the specifici-ty,OR=0. 620,95% CI(0. 442,0. 870),P=0. 006. Conclusion In the diagnosis of bacterial infectious dis-eases,neutrophil CD64 is better than CRP in the sensitivity,but,CRP is better than neutrophil CD64 in the specificity.

Objective To introduce the procedure and the clinical experience of two lengthened vascular pedicled flaps in hands to repair soft tissue defect distal to the middle segment of finger. Methods From June 2002 to April 2004, 6 cases with skin and soft tissue defect distal to the middle segment of index and middle finger were treated by the dorsal hand U-I shaped vascular pedicled island flaps, the large area of the repair flap was 5.0 cm?2.8 cm, and the small area was 3.8 cm?2.5 cm, an average of the pedicle length was 8.0 cm. 10 cases with skin and soft tissue defect beyond the middle segment of 2 to 4 finger were treated by the digital artery reversed island flaps of adjacent digit, the large area of the repair flap was 4.6 cm?2.5 cm, and the small area was 2.5 cm?2.4 cm, an average of the pedicle length was 4.0 cm. There were 11 males and 5 females, aged from 18 to 42 years (average, 26 years). Results All flaps survived in 16 cases. After 8 to 24 months postoperative follow-up, with an average of 15 months, the blood supply and texture of the flaps were excellent, their outer aspect and function were satisfactory. Among 4 cases of the dorsal hand U-I shaped vascular pedicled island flaps with connecting nerves, the two-point discrimination was 9 to 11 mm, while in 9 cases of the digital artery reversed island flaps with connecting nerves, the two-point discrimination was 6 to 8 mm. Of the 3 cases that the nerves were disconnected, the sensation of the healed flaps only recovered to S2 or S3. Conclusion The dorsal hand U-I shaped vascular pedicled island flaps and the digital artery reversed island flaps of adjacent digit can form a longer vascular pedicle, to repair the skin and soft tissue defect distal to the middle segment of finger. They are the reliable flaps with good blood supply, and can recover the sensation through connecting nerves.

Background Retinal flatmount of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) animal models is a useful tool in the study of ischemic retinopathy.The retinas of OIR of rat or mouse pups were small and thick and difficult in operating of conventional preparation and quantitative analysis of retinal flatmounts.Objective This study was to explore an easy and stable operating method of retinal flatmount combined with immunofluorescence staining in rodent.Methods Forty ＜6-hour-old SD rat pups were randomly assigned to OIR model group and normal control group.The pups were raised with nursing mothers in hyperoxia environment (80％) and normal oxygen environment (21％) alternately at a 24-hour interval for 14 days in the OIR model group,and the pups were raised in the room air for 14 days in the normal control group.The eyeballs of the rats were extracted to isolate the retinas intactly.The retinas were stained with glutamine synthetase (GS)-isolectin B4 firstly and then expanded into flatmounted and cut into 4 petals radially.Adobe Photoshop CS3 imaging analysis system was used to match the pictures into entire retinal vascular images and analyzed under the fluorescence microscope.The pixel values of retinal avascular areas and the entire retina were quantified by this system.The percentage of avascular areas to the entire retina was calculated to analyze the severity of non-perfusion areas.The use and care of the animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results An intact and smooth retinal flatmount could be obtained by firstly staining method.Ora serrata structure was seen surrounding the whole retina.Strong green fluorescence was exhibited in retinal vessel net with clearly visible vascular branches;while the background fluorescence was weaker.Fully developed blood vessels were displayed in the retinas of the normal control group.Non-capillary areas around the central optic disk and large peripheral avascular areas could be seen in the retinal flatmounts of OIR models.Conclusions The preparation of retinal flatmount is easy and feasible by first immunofluorescence staining for retinal vessels followed by radially cutting of retina.This method of retinal flatmount can ensure the integrity of retinal vascular system and it is available for the observation and evaluation of retinal vascular structure in OIR models.

Objective: To analyze the level of resilience and its influencing factors in the young and middle-aged patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ), so as to provide reference for optimizing mental interventions for the patients. Methods: The young and middle-aged patients with T2DM from September 2019 to September 2020 in Hangzhou First People's Hospital, affiliated to the Medical School of Zhejiang University, were selected as the subjects, the general information questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Scale ( PSSS ) , Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale ( CD-RISC ), Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) and Diabetes Management Self-efficacy Scale ( DMSES ) were used to investigate, the multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for resilience in young and middle-aged patients with T2DM. Results: A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed and 238 valid questionnaires were recovered. The effective recovery rate was 95.20%. Among 238 patients, 142 cases ( 59.66% ) were males and 96 cases ( 40.34% ) were females; 168 cases ( 70.59% ) were 45-59 years old. The CD-RISC score was 70.49±12.81, PSSS score was 63.70±10.90, DDS score was 2.14±0.87, and DMSES score was 130.22±38.49. The results of multivariate regression analysis indicated that educational level, average monthly family income, fasting blood glucose, self-efficacy, social support and diabetes distress were the influencing factors for resilience of young and middle-aged patients with T2DM ( P<0.05 ). Conclusion The level of mental resilience in young and middle-aged patients with T2DM is mainly related to the level of education, monthly family income, blood glucose control, diabetes distress, self-efficacy and social support.

A novel electrochemical method based on dehydroabietylamine schiff base( DBS) and multi-walled carbon nano-tubes( MWCNTs) composite modified glassy carbon electrode was presented for determination of Pb2+. The electrochemical behaviors of Pb2+on the modifled electrode were investigated by cyclic voltammetry ( CV) and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry ( DPASV ) . The results showed that under the optimized conditions including 0 . 2 mol/L NaAc-HAc used as supporting buffer ( pH 5 . 5 ) , -1 . 1 V of accumulating potential, 250 s of accumulating time, the oxidation peak current was proportional to Pb2+concentration in the range between 1 × 10-8 mol/L and 1 × 10-6 mol/L with the linear regression equation as I(μA)= 6. 6173c(μmol/L)+0. 2597(R=0. 9971) and the detection limit as 5. 0×10-9 mol/L (S/N=3). The proposed sensor was successfully employed to determine Pb2+ in real samples with satisfactory results. In addition, this method showed the advantages of simple operation, short assay time, good accuracy, satisfactory efficiency and good selectivity for determination of low concentration lead in water samples.

Objective:To obtain optimum template for randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD). Methods:Four different methods(rod winding, precipitation, boiling and lysis)for extraction of template DNA were used.The length and purity of template DNA and its RAPD profile were observed separately by agarose gel electrophoresis, spectrophotometric scan assays and RAPD reaction.Results:The template DNA (>23 kb) with high purity and the same RAPD profile with 2-4 kb DNA fragments were obtained by both rod winding and precipitation method. However,the template DNA (4 kb and 2 kb,respectively) with break and dispersion and low purity was extracted by method of boiling and lysis, and 600-2 000 bp DNA fragments were seen in the similar RAPD profile.Conclusions: Template DNA extracted by rod winding or precipitation method was optimized for RAPD.

Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammation,immune regulation and anti-stress effect of cartialgenous collagen zymolyte.Methods:The anti-inflammatory effect was observed by carrageenan-induced foot swelling test,the immune effect was observed by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene and the anti-stress effect was observed by hypoxia tolerance and fatigue tolerance. Results:The cartialgenous collagen zymolyte can inhibit the carrageenan-induced foot swelling and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene,and improve the macrophagocyte phagocytosis function,and enhance the body,s non-specific resistance to fatigue.Conclusion:Cartialgenous collagen zymolyte appeared obvious immune regulation,anti-inflammation and anti-stress effect.

Objective To investigate the fluoride content in drinking water as well as the current status of endemic fluorosis in 5 counties of Shandong Province,in order to provide a scientific basis for making prevention and control strategies.Methods According to the survey data of fluoride content in drinking water in Shandong Province between 2005 to 2007,an epidemiological investigation was carried out in Mudan,Jiaxiang,Wucheng,Pingdu and Boxing Counties from September to November 2013.The fluoride content in drinking water and urine and dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 were investigated in 3-4 major survey villages selected in the five counties.The fluoride content in drinking water was detected by fluoride ion selective electrode method,and dental fluorosis was diagnosed by Deans method.Results Fifty-eight drinking water samples were investigated in 16 villages of the five counties.Water fluorine content in Wucheng,Mudan,Pingdu,Boxing and Jiaxiang counties was 4.14,3.84,1.83,1.33 and 0.43 mg/L,respectively.There were 4 counties' fluorine content exceeding the national standard (1.20 mg/L) except Jiaxiang County.The exceeding rate was 100％ in Wucheng and Mudan counties.Urine fluorine content of 320 children aged 8 to 12 in Wucheng,Mudan,Boxing,Pingdu and Jiaxiang counties was 4.51,4.62,1.82,1.30,1.01 mg/L respectively;the total detection rate of dental fluorosis of 574 children was 61.85％ (355/574),the rate of dental damage was 12.89％ (74/574),and dental fluorosis index was 1.27;the detection rate of dental fluorosis in Wucheng,Mudan,Boxing,Pingdu and Jiaxiang Counties was 90.18％ (101/112),97.73％ (86/88),62.22％ (84/135),54.90％ (28/51) and 29.79％ (56/188),respectively.Conclusions The exceeding rate of water fluorine content is very high in 5 counties of severe endenic fluorosis areas in Shandong Province.The urinary fluorine level of the population is still high and the prevalence of dental fluorosis of children is high.Endemic fluorosis in Shandong Province has not yet been effectively controlled,control situation is still grim.

Objective To evaluate the effect of hydrogen sulfide combined with mild hypothermia on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Eighty male SD rats, aged 3 months, weighing 250-300 g, were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 16 each): sham operation group (group S), cerebral I/R group,mild hypothermia group (group M), sodium hydrosulfide group (group NaHS) and NaHS + mild hypothermia group (group NM). In group I/R, M, NaHS and NM, cerebral I/R was induced by occlusion of 4 vessels (cauterization of bilateral vertebral arteries and 15 min occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries) followed by reperfusion. In group NaHS and NM, intraperitoneal NaHS 14 μmol/kg was injected immediately after reperfusion, while the equal volume of normal saline was injected in the other three groups. At the same time, the rectal temperature was reduced to 32-33 ℃ within 15 min, lasting for 6 h, in group M and NM, while it was maintained at 36-37 ℃by physical method in other groups. Twelve rats of each group were sacrificed after 6 h of reperfusion, and then the hippocampus was removed for determination of the content of H2 S by using spectrophotometer and the expression of p-CREB and BDNF mRNA by using Western blot and RT-PCR respectively. Four rats in each group were sacririced after 72 h of reperfusion and then the hippocampus was removed for microscopic examination. Results The cerebral I/R injury was attenuated in group M, NaHS and NM compared with group I/R, with the slightest injury in group NM. The H2S content was significantly higher in group I/R, M, NaHS and NM than in group S, and in group NaHS and NM than in group I/R and M. The expression of p-CREB and BNDF mRNA was significantly higher in group I/R, M, NaHS and NM than in group S, and in group M, NaHS and NM than in group I/R. The BDNF mRNA expression was significantly higher in group NM than in group M and NaHS. There was no significant difference in the H2S content and the expression of p-CREB and BNDF mRNA between group NaHS and M.Conclusion Hydrogen sulfide combined with mild hypothermia can attenuate cerebral I/R injury by up-regulating the expression of p-CREB and BDNF mRNA in hippocampus in rats.