To investigate the efficacy and safety of minimal y invasive endovascular techniques treatment of hydronephrosis in pregnancy complicated by infection.
65 cases of pregnancy hydronephrosis coinfected patients with minimal y invasive endovascular treatment. Patients were fol owed up for 3-12 months, compared with 48 patients with the same period of conservative treatment .
Ureteral perforation and other surgery-related complications occurred in 65 patients in the observation group has not occurred. The patient's duration of hospitalization、the recurrence rate of postoperative infection, antibiotic duration of treatment, fever days were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).
Compared with conservative treatment, minimal y invasive endovascular technical treatment of gestational hydronephrosis co-infection with faster recovery, shorter hospital stay, can significantly reduce the number of days of fever patients and reduce the number of days of antibiotic use, can be used as conventional means of treatment of gestational hydronephrosis infection combined conventional.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of 45 norovirus clusters in Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality from 2019 to 2021, so as to provide the evidence for improving the management of norovirus clusters. Methods: The epidemiological characteristics and laboratory testing of 45 norovirus clusters were collected in Baoshan District from 2019 to 2021, and the temporal distribution, population distribution, distribution of places of norovirus clusters, clinical manifestations, laboratory testing results, origin of norovirus infection and transmission routes of norovirus clusters were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. Results: A total of 45 norovirus clusters involving 29 379 individuals were reported in Baoshan District from 2019 to 2021, and 435 cases with norovirus infections were identified, with an average attack rate of 1.48%. Norovirus infection most often occurred from November to April of the following year, and the infection predominantly occurred among students (408 cases, 93.79%). There were 25 norovirus clusters in kindergartens (55.56%), 18 clusters in primary and middle schools (40.00%), one cluster in a social care facility and one cluster in a geriatric ward. Vomiting was the predominant clinical symptom (416 cases, 95.63%). The positive rate of norovirus was 37.35% in 597 samples. There were 40 norovirus clusters caused by the norovirus GⅡ genotype (88.89%), and the median duration of the norovirus cluster was 6 days (interquartile range, 1 day). In addition, 82.22% of the norovirus clusters reported to centers for disease control and prevention within 1 day,and 88.89% of the clusters were transmitted through human to human transmission or vomitus of cases. Conclusion The norovirus clusters predominantly occur in winter/spring and among students in Baoshan District from 2019 to 2021. Kindergartens and primary and middle schools are main places of norovirus infections, and the norovirus GⅡ genotype is the main type of pathogens. Human-to-human transmission and exposure to patients' vomitus are the main routes of transmission.

Objective To explore the expressions of trefoil factors (TFFs) in bladder cancers and their clinical significance.Methods Using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical staining from January 2013 to December 2013 in our hospital underwent surgical resection in 50 cases of superficial bladder cancer (including 20 cases of primary and 30 cases of recurrent bladder cancer) expression of TFF1,TFF2 and TFF3 and 10 cases of adjacent normal tissues.There were 32 males and 18 females,aged 45-73 years,with an average of 57 years.Pathological T staging:25 cases (50％) in pTa,25 cases in pT1 phase (50％),pathological grade:low grade 24 cases (48％),26 high grade (52％).Results TFF1,TFF2,TFF3 and mRNA in primary bladder cancer tissue expression levels were 2.04 (1.86-2.22) 、0.88 (0.11-1.6) 、0.92 (0.11-1.73) the recurrence of bladder cancer tissue expression levels were 2.22 (1.94-2.22) 、2.32 (0.22-4.42) 、2.45 (0.35-4.55) while in the adjacent normal tissues were 0.60(0.52-0.68) 、0.58(0.18-0.98) 、0.56(0.16-0.96).The adjacent normal tissues of TFF1,TFF2,TFF3 mRNA was lower than that of bladder cancer (P ＜ 0.05) and the recurrent bladder cancer,the relative expression of TFF2,TFF3 of mRNA was higher than that of primary bladder cancer (P ＜ 0.05),while the recurrent bladder cancer and primary bladder carcinoma TFF1 mRNA expression showed no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the positive expression rate of TFF1 between high-grade and low-grade bladder cancer [71％ (17/24) vs.77％ (20/26),P =0.88].And the positive rates of TFF2 and TFF3 in high-grade bladder cancer were 83％ (20/24) and 83 ％ (20/24) respectively,which were higher than those in low-grade bladder cancer [65 ％ (17/26),77％ (20/26),all P ＜0.05].The results of follow-up showed that the median recurrence-free survival (RFS) for 50 patients was 31 (18-38) months.The median RFS of patients with strong positive TFF1 and with weak positive (25 months and 27 months) were shorter than TFF1 negative (31 months,all P ＜0.05).The median RFS of patients with strong positive TFF2 (24 months) and TFF2 negative (30 months) were shorter than those of the weakly positive patients (median 33 months,all P ＜ 0.05).The median RFS of patients with TFF3 strongly positive (24 months) and weakly positive (28 months) were shorter than that of TFF3 negative patients (31 months,all P ＜ 0.05),and TFF3 strong positive RFS was shorter than TFF3 weak positive (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The expression rates of TFF1,TFF2 and TFF3 in bladder cancer tissues are higher than that of normal tissue,and they are higher than that of the primary bladder cancer tissue in the recurrent bladder cancer.TFF1 and TFF2 may be involved in the recurrence and progression of bladder cancer,and the role of TFF3 needs to be further verified.