Objective To explore the self efficacy of newly-contracted nurses in a tumor hospital in Guangzhou and to find out the related factors. Methods By convenience, cluster sampling method, 333 newly-contracted nurses from a tumor hospital in Guangzhou were recruited in the study. The general self-efficacy scale (GSES) and a self-designed demographic questionnaire were used to look into their self-efficacy and explore the related factors. Results The average score of self efficacy was (2.67 ± 0.41). The level of self-efficacy was related to education and the type of hospital for internship. Nurse with bachalor degree and graduated from comprehensive hospital had higher self-efficacy. Conclusions The self efficacy of the newly contracted nurses is intermediate. The education level and the type of hospital for internship both influence the level of self efficacy. The special hospitals should strengthen the teaching and training of students and lay stress on developing their capacity to prepare them for the job.

Bile leak is a commonly complication after biliary tract surgery.In the past,operation was considered priorly to deal with bile leak besides putting a drainage tube in advance.Minimally invasive surgery has gradually become a primary management of bile leak,with the development of minimally invasive surgery such as abdominoscope in the 20th century.

To explore the effects and mechanisms of combining astragaloside IV (the effective component of Astragalus membranaceus) with notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rb1 and ginsenoside Rg1 (the effective components of Panax notoginseng) against oxidative injury in PC12 cells induced by cobalt chloride (CoCl₂).

Objective To establish a HPLC method for determination of geniposide content in Qingkailing Capsule. Methods HPLC with Gracesmart C18 was used and detection wavelength was 238 nm with acetonitrile-water (15∶85) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Results The standard curve was linear over the range of 0.060 4～0.302 0 ?g (r=0.999 8). The average recovery was 98.73%, and RSD was 1.61%. Conclusion This method is reliable, accurate and suitable for the determination of geniposide in Qingkailing Capsule.

Objective To explore the changes ofT lymphocyte subsets CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ in hepatitis B reactivation after chemotherapy.Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect T lymphocyte subsets of 32 patients with hepatitis B reactivation before and after chemotherapy.In addition,25 patients without hepatitis B reactivition were chosen as control group.Results After chemotherapy,the percentage of CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+/CDs+ were significantly reduced than those before chemotherapy (P ＜ 0.05).However,the percentage of CD8+ T lymphocytes was not significantly changed(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The chemotherapy can change the number and ratio of T lymphocyte subsets,the inhibition of the cellular immune function is one of the reason of hepatitis B virus reactivation.

Objective To investigate the relationship between hepatitis B virus reactivation and the level of blood T-lymphocyte subsets.Methods T lymphocyte subsets ( CD3,CD4,CDs ),CD4/CDs level of 40 patients with chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus and 35 patients with hepatitis B virus re-activation were detected by Flow cytometry(Epics XL).Results The hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with CD3,CD4 and CD4/CDs levels were significantly lower than the chronic hepatitis B virus carriers,The difference between the two groups patients was significant[(71.31 ±5.20)％ vs (68.57 ±6.10)％,(37.82 ±4.90)％ vs (32.12 ±5.93)％,(1.37 ±0.28) vs (1.18 ±0.43 ),all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusion The levels of CD3,CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio were significantly declined,it may be the one important reason of hepatitis B virus reactivation.

Objective To determine the median effective doae (ED50) for motor block after intrathecal ropivacaine and bupivacaine. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 18-64, weighing 46-75 kg, undergoing elective urological surgery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, were randomized into 2 groups ( n = 30each) receiving intrathecal 0.5% ropivacaine and 0.5% bupivacaine respectively. The ED50 was determined by up-down sequential allocation. The initial dose was 4 mg. Each time the dose increased/decreased by 1 mg. Efficacy was determined by the occurrence of any motor block in either lower extremity (modified Bromage scale > 0)within 5 or 10 min after the spinal injection. Results The intrathecal ED50 for motor block was 6.68 mg for ropivacaine (95% confidence interval 6.27-7.13 mg) and 4.07 mg for bupivacaine (95% confidence interval 3.56-4.47mg) . The relative motor blocking potency ratio was ropivacaine/bupivacaine 0.61. Conclusion The potency of intrathecal ropivacaine is lower than that of bupivacaine for motor block.

Objective To construct a scientific,valid evaluation system for excellent clinical nurses.Methods Based on the framework of competency theory,systematic literature reviewing,nursing experts discussion and the Delphi method were used to determine the primary indexes for the evaluation system.The evaluation system was determined from three perspectives,doctors',nurses' and patients'.Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was then used to determine the weight of each index.Results The weight of doctors',nurses' and patients' perspective was 0.2,0.4,0.4 respectively.Doctors' and nurses' perspective(hereinafter referred to as staff's perspective) had the same evaluating indexes,which both consisted of 5first-dimensions,22 second-dimensions.The patients' perspective contained 3 first-dimensions,14 seconddimensions.In two-round Delphi technique,the rates of questionnaire retrieve were 91.2％ (31/34),100.0％(31/31),respectively;the colleagues' coordination coefficients were 0.784,0.858,respectively,and the patients' coordination coefficients were 0.05,0.216,respectively.Conclusions A evaluation system of high reliability and validity for excellent clinical nurseshas been successfully constructed.It may be utilized as a tool to for nursing administrator selection,training,assessment of excellent clinical nurses.

Objective To construct the competency model of emergency and critical care clinical nurses and provide a reference for allocation and selection of the emergency and critical care clinical nurses. Methods Twenty emergency and critical care clinical nurses were interviewed by using behavioral event interview method. The optimal competency elements were screened by comparing the difference in their competency in different performance levels, so the competency model was constructed. Results Two distinctive competencies and nine threshold competencies were comprised in the competency model. The category agreement of the competency model was 0.790 and the coding reliability coefficient was 0.882. Conclusions The competency model of emergency and critical care clinical nurses is of high reliability. The model provides a scientific basis for allocation and selection of appropriate emergency and critical care clinical nurses and develops human resources from newly graduated nurses.

Objective To investigate the expression of engulfment and cell motility protein 1 (ELMO1) in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and its effects on cell migration.Methods The expression of ELMO1 in HCC cell lines and HCC tissues was assessed by Western blot.We used transient transfection with an ELMO1 expressing vector to over-express ELMO1 protein in SK-HEP-1 cells.Over-expression of ELMO1 was confirmed by Western blot.siRNAs specific to ELMO1 (ELMO1 siRNA) were used to knockdown ELMO1 expression.Rho Family Small GTPase Activation Assay, Western blots, transwell assay were used to determine the migration potential of cells.Student's test was employed for statistical analysis.Results The expression of ELMO1 protein was obviously up-regulated in HCC tissues and cell lines (P<0.05).Over-expression of ELMO1 promoted cell migration in SK-HEP-1 cells, while knock-down of ELMO1 showed the opposite effect.Conclusion ELMO1 up-regulation significantly correlates with cell migration in hepatocellular carcinoma.