Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) is a novel immunotherapy approach that induces systemic immune responses via topical application of antigens and adjuvants onto the skin.It is a safe and effective method,and is expected to serve as an attractive alternative to traditional vaccination.TCI induces immune responses in different directions,but the exact mechanism of skin immune tolerance is still unclear.Most studies on TCI are based on animal models.However,there are structural differences between animal skin and human skin,so more researches are needed to achieve the translation of TCI from bench to bedside.Not all vaccines are suitable for cutaneous inoculation,so vaccines for TCI should be evaluated for their safety and efficacy.Various reformed vaccine delivery systems are needed to be further explored in related diseases.

The nature of medicine is the unity of natural science and humanities.Due to historical and current causes,humanism spirit is lost seriously in medicine.This article aims to analyze the reason of humanism spirit loss and put forward some ways to rebuild humanism spirit in medicine.

Objective To observe the effect of ginsenoside Rb 1 and Re on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Bad and Fas gene proteins after acute ischemia and reperfusion in rats and elucidate the possible mechanisms. Methods The ischemia-reperfusion heart model was made by ligating the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery in Wistar rats. The apoptotic cardiomyocytes were confirmed with transmission electron microscopy and counted with in situ nick labeling (TUNEL) method and light microscopy. The expression of Bcl-2?Bax?Bad and Fas gene proteins were studied by immunohistochemical staining. Mean optical density (OD) value of the gene proteins expression were quantitatively examined by image analysis system. Results A.The apoptotic cardiomyocytes were not observed in the sham-operation group. The number of the apoptotic cells were 134.45?45.61/field in the ischemia- reperfusion group, 51.65?13.71/field in the ginsenoside Rb 1-treated group and 90.66? 19.22/field in the ginsenoside Re-treated group, respectively. The differences were significant among the three groups (P0.05), but Bax?Bad and Fas gene expression were decreased significantly in the ginsenoside Rb 1 and Re-treated group as compared with the ischemia-reperfusion group (P

A high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method ( HPLC-MS/MS ) was developed for the simultaneous determination of 31 kinds of triazine herbicides in farmland soils. Samples were extracted by accelerated solvent extraction ( ASE ) and purified by Oasis MCX solid phase extraction ( SPE) cartridges, and then analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring ( MRM) mode with positive electrospray ionization. The analytical column was Phenomenex Luna C18 ( 150 mm í 2. 0 mm í3 μm) and the mobile phases were acetonitrile and water containing 0. 1% (V/V) formic acid. The limits of detection (S/N≥3) were 0. 008-0. 440 μg/L. All of the triazine herbicides had good linear responses with r≥0 . 996 and the average recoveries in the spiked levels of 0 . 40-40 . 0 μg/kg ranged from 76 . 9%-102 . 0%with the RSDs of 3 . 4%-10 . 3%. The HPLC-MS/MS method had been applied for the detection of the triazine herbicide residues in farmland soils from Shenyang region and the results showed that atrazine, simazine, prometryne and atrazine-desethyl were the main triazine herbicides in the region.

Service recovery as a theory of services marketing has gradually been applied to hospital services. By expounding the concept, significance and principle of service recovery, the paper puts forward some strategies that ought to be adopted in service recovery: ①preventive strategy; ②timely strategy; ③ the strategy of cultivating the employees capability of on the spot service recovery; ④ the strategy of laying stress on follow up and anticipation and prevention of errors.

OBJECTIVE:To study the hepatoprotective effect of the extract of Sabia parviflorawall(SPS) on mice with experimental liver injury.METHODS:The liver injury models were reproduced in mice with CCL4 and Paracetamol(AAP),respectively with the activities of serum ALT and AST measured.RESULTS:The activities of serum ALT and AST were all reduced to a certain degree in mice with liver injury induced by either CCL4 or Paracetamol(AAP).CONCLUSION: SPS exhibited certain hepatoprotective effect.

This paper explores the social care for HIV-infected people and patients in Shanxi Province,detailed as two parts including medical assistance and living assistance.And the purpose of this paper is to reflect the status of comprehensive prevention and treatment of AIDS in Shanxi Province,and find out the emerging priorities and challenges in work to provide references for relevant research.

Objective To study the relationship between levels of hyaluronic acid(HA),type Ⅳ collagen(ⅣC),Laminin (LN) in sera and hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods 252 sera from patients with chronic hepatitis B were collected to measure hyaluronate,type Ⅳ collagen,laminin by radioimmunoassay,and sera HBV-DNA were also tested by quantitative fluorescence PCR respectively.Results Serum concentrations of HA,ⅣC and LN were remarkably increased with the progression of the disease,and reached the highest levels in chronic severe hepatitis and liver cirrhosis(P

Coagulopathy is very common in patients in intensive care unit (ICU) and often indicates organ dysfunction or underlying diseases.The application of traditional methods assessing the patients' coagulation status in ICU is limited because they can not reflect the whole process of coagulation.Thromboelastography (TEG),a point-of-care (POC) assay of coagulation,fibrinolysis and platelet function,developed in recent years has been widely used in organ transplant and cardiovascular surgery and so on.However,there is no standard for the use of TEG in ICU.The development and application of TEG in sepsis,multiple trauma,guiding blood transfusion,extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO),and anticoagulation monitoring were addressed in this review,and its value and application prospect in ICU were analyzed.

Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System was released online in 2011 by America College of Radiology (ACR) for standardizing the performance,interpretation and reporting of CT and MR imaging examinations of the liver in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma.This article overviewed the profile of this system,its updated version and recent progress on its clinical application.