Objective To investigate cause and prevention of dysuria after hyperplasia of prostate operation. Methods To analyze 66 cases of dysuria after hyperplasia of prostate operation retrospectively. Result The most common reasons to dysuria are orderly stenosis of bladder neck; inflammatory edema of bladder neck; urethral stricture; rehyperplasia of remained prostate tissue; neruogenic bladder; prominence of ureteral crest; clot obstruction. Conclusion Prevention of dysuria after hyperplasia of prostate operation consists in preoperative satisfied diagnosis and correct treatment in operation and after operation.

Objective To establish children's independent normal reference intervals of five coagulation indexes in Chongqing,in order to better provide references for clinic.Methods The plasma samples of 5 119 healthy children were collected and used to detecting prothrombin time (PT),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen (FIB),thrombin time (TT) and D-Dimer (D-D) via Sysmex CS5100 and Sysmex CSA2000.According to ages,the children were divided into 6 groups:newborn (at 0 to less than 15 days of age),newborn (at 15 days to less than 1 month of age),infant (at 1 to less than 7 months of age),children (at 7 months to less than 3 years of age),children (at 3 to less than 7 years of age),children (at 7 to 15 years of age),and comparatively analysed.For normal distribution data,(x)± 1.96s was used to calculate the reference intervals;while for skewness distribution data,the reference intervals was calculated by 95 ％ reference interval according to the percentile of P2.5 and P97.5.Results The normal reference intervals of five coagulation indexes in this clinical laboratory were as follows:PT 11.1-20.2 s (at 0 to less than 15 days of age),10.7-15.8 s (at 15 days to less than 1 month of age),9.9-13.5 s (at 1 month to 15 years of age);APTT 28.8-91.6 s (at 0 to less than 15 days of age),33.3-64.2 s (at 15 days to less tha 1 month of age),24.0-53.2 s (at 1 to less than 7 months of age),21.2-39.2 s (at 7 months to less tha 15 years of age);FIB 1.45-3.52 g/L (at 0 to less than 3 years of age),1.50-3.52 g/L (at 3 to 15 years of age);TT 15.4-26.3 s (at 0 to less than 15 days of age),14.9-21.4 s (at 15 days to less than 7 months of age),14.7-20.1 s (at 7 months to less than 3 years of age),14.9-19.3 s (at 3 to 15 years of age);D-D 0.1-5.1 mg/L (at 0 to less than 15 days of age),0.2-2.2 mg/L (at 15 days to less than 1 month of age),0.1-1.1 mg/L (at 1 to less tha 7 months of age),0.1-1.4 mg/L (at 7 months to less than 3 years of age),0.1-1.3 mg/L (at 3 to less than 7 years of age),0-1.0 mg/L (at 7 to 15 years of age).Conclusion The normal reference intervals of five coagulation indexes,including PT,APTT,FIB,TT and D-D,are established,which provide more accurate references for the diagnosis of related diseases in infants and children in this area.

Objective To investigate the expression of C/EBP homology protein (CHOP) in peripheral brain tissue of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its correlation with the injury severity.Methods The study included peripheral brain tissues of 41 TBI patients (TBI group).Another 16 autopsy specimens succumbed to other diseases (except for TBI or other central nervous system diseases) were selected as controls.The control group and TBI group were subdivided into immaturity group (≤18 years),adult group (18-59 years) and elderly group (＞59 years).According to Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission,TBI group was classified as severe TBI group (GCS of 6-8) and particularly-severe TBI group (GCS of 3-5).CHOP expression in peripheral tissues after TBI was compared in between different age,gender and GCS.Nerve cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL technique and correlation between CHOP level and apoptotic number was analyzed.Results There were no age and gender differences regarding CHOP expression in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with control group,expression of CHOP presented notable up-regulation in TBI group (P ＜ 0.05).Expression of CHOP presented no gender difference in TBI group (P ＞ 0.05),but its expression was lower in the aged than in adult or immaturity (P ＜ 0.05) as well as notably higher in particularly-severe TBI group than in severe TBI group (P ＜ 0.05).Nerve cell apoptosis in TBI group was far greater in number than that in control group (P ＜0.05).A positive correlation was observed between CHOP level and apoptotic index (r =0.72,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Expression level of CHOP after TBI is closely related to the injury severity and nerve cell apoptosis,but the apoptosis pathway induced by CHOP may not be a major factor in secondary brain injury after TBI in the aged patients.

In the present study, the accuracy of the 4-dimensional model single photon emission computed tomography (4D-MSPECT) and quantitative gated single photon emission computed tomography (QGS) was investigated for assessing left ventricular end-diastolic (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV) and ejection fraction (EF) from gated myocardial perfusion imaging (G-MPI) using left ventriculography (LVG) as reference. From December 2008 to June 2011, 85 patients, who underwent rest G-MPI and LVG (within 30 days) in West China Hospital, Sichuan University, were retrospectively recruited. EDV, ESV, and EF were calculated from G-MPI using 4D-MSPECT and QGS. Eighty-five patients (47 men, 38 women; age 57 +/- 13 years) were finally analyzed. Correlation between results of G-MPI and LVG was high for EDV, r = 0.89 (4D-MSPECT), r = 0.81 (QGS); ESV, r = 0.97 (4D-MSPECT), R = 0.95(QGS); EF, r = 0.95 (4D-MSPECT), r = 0.93 (QGS). 4D-MSPECT and QGS underestimated EDV significantly compared with LVG [(125 +/- 20) mL (4D-MSPECT), (118 +/- 39) mL (QGS), (131 +/- 33)mL (LVG)]. The ESV, 4D-MSPECT and QGS values did not differ significantly from LVG [(47 +/- 32) mL (4D-MSPECT), (53 +/- 29) mL (QGS), (49 +/- 37) mI (LVG)]. For LVEF, only QGS yielded values were significantly lower than LVG [61% +/- 21% (4D-MSPECT), 55% +/- 17% (QGS), and 63% +/- 19% (LVG)]. EDV, ESV, and EF as determined by 4D-MSPECT and QGS from G-MPI agree well with relevant values with LVG. However, Algorithm-inherent also showed slightly over- or under-estimation of volumes. Therefore, separated normal databases should be set up for each algorithm.
Aged ; Algorithms ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging ; Regression Analysis ; Software ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Ventricular Function, Left

Objective To investigate the correlation of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor (AT1R) gene polymorphism with AT1R expression levels and brain edema after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage .Methods 45 operative patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in the Affiliated Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical Univercity from December 2011 to August 2012 were collected as the experimental group and 45 operative patients with refractory epilepsy weres selected as the control group .The venous blood in the two groups were collected for detecting the AT 1R gene polymorphism ;The brain tissue was taken from lesions in operation ,then AT1R mRNA concentration was determined by RT-PCR and the AT1R protein level was determined by Western blot ;Head CT was performed on postoperative 1 ,3 ,5 d;the degree of cerebral edema was reflected by CT value . Results The levels of two kinds of genotype AT1R mRNA in the experimental group had no statistically significant difference(P>0 .05);the operative area CT value of AC genotype was significantly lower than that of AA genotype with statistical difference (P<0 .05);the ATIRmRNA of various genotypes ,protein level and cerebral edema in the control group had no statistical differences . Conclusion The AT 1R gene polymorphism has no obvious correlation with the concentration expression of AT 1R mRNA in the brain tis-sue;there is correlation between AT 1R protein level and AT 1R protein level and the cerebral edema degree in the brain tissue .

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of standard large decompressive craniotomy in treatment of intracranial hematoma induced by severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) and its influence on neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and inflammatory cytokines.Methods A total of 168 patients with sTBI-induced intracranial hematoma were assigned to standard large decompressive craniotomy (standard group) and traditional treatment (control group),with 84 patients per group.Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) and levels of serum NSE,TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10 were compared between the two groups after surgery.Results GOS was better in standard group than in control group after surgery (P ＜0.05).Standard group presented significantly lower levels of serum NSE,TNF-α and IL-6 (P ＜ 0.05),significantly higher level of IL-10 (P ＜ 0.05) and a dropped ratio of IL-6 to IL-10 after surgery.However,there was no significant change in control group.Mean survival time of the patients in standard group was (33.11 ± 0.62) months.Two-year and three-year survival rate were significantly higher in standard group than in control group.Conclusion Standard large decompressive craniotomy cna enhance the clinical effects in patients with sTBI-induced intracranial hematoma,improve their neurologic deficits and daily living ability and decrease their body inflammatory stress level and injury.

Objective To observe the effect of continuous elastic outside distraction on the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in the female porcine nipples,and to further investigate the mechanism of continuous elastic outside distraction stimulation on the proliferation of supporting tissue in nipples.Methods Three female minipigs were employed,each of them had 12 nipples.Four nipples of each minipig were used as control group,while the other eight nipples were continuously distracted with prefabricated instruments.One nipple without distraction and two distracted nipples of each minipig were excised at 2,4,8,and 12 weeks after operation under general anesthesia respectively.The excised nipples were prepared for immunohistochemical staining to observe the expression of bFGF and TGF-β1.Image analysis software was employed for quantitative analysis.Results bFGF and TGF-β1 expression of control groups was weaker than those of the distracted groups at any time (P＜0.01).The expression of bFGF increased gradually after tracted and reached the peak at 4 weeks.There was significant difference (P＜0.05) in the expression of bFGF between 4 weeks and 12 weeks groups.The expression of TGF-β1 was increased to the peak after 2 weeks.The expression of TGF-β1 between 8 weeks and 12 weeks groups and 2 weeks group had statistical significance (P＜0.05).The expression of bFGF and TGF-β1 had a positive correlation during the traction.Conclusions Continuous elastic outside distraction can promote female minipig nipple to synthesis and secretion of b-FGF and TGF-β1.

Objective To establish a model fit for axonal regeneration research after its mechanical injury.Methods Cortical explants from mice were planted on culture dishes by microglass pipettes or routine glass pipettes.The cell body and dendrites in axonal area were detected by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR.Besides,purity of regenerated axons was also tested by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR after mechanical transection of axons under microscopy.Results Compared with explants planting by routine glass pipettes,in the outside 1/2 axons of explants planted by micro-glass pipettes,the immunofluorescence and RT-PCR showed negative nucleus and dendrites.In the regenerated axons following mechanical transection of explants planted by micro-glass pipette,the immunofluorescene and RT-PCR showed no regenerated axons nucleus mixed into the dendrites and nucleus.Conclusions Explants planted by micro-glass pipette obtains enough pure axons and regenerated axons.The establishment of models of axonal mechanical transection lays foundation for its molecular study after trauma.

Objective To investigate effect of polymorphism of apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene on early apoptosis of astrocytes after hypoxic injury.Methods Astrocytes separated from APOE wild mice and APOE transgenic mice (ε3,ε4) were primarily cultured,and then purified and identified.Models of astrocyte hypoxic injury were set up by hypoxia.Morphological changes of astrocytes and mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscope.Early apoptosis rate and changes of mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry.Results Cell foot process tumidness and mitochondria with irregular outline,vacuoles and irregular cristae were observed in each group by electron microscopy at six hours after hypoxia.There were no significant differences of cellular form changes among groups.Early apoptosis rate and decreasing degree of mitochondrial membrane potential in APOFε4 group were significantly higher than those in APOEε3 group and APOE wild group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with astrocytes from APOEε3 group and APOE wild group,mitochondrial membrane potential in astrocytes from APOEε4 group at early period after hypoxia declines more significantly,as may be one of causes for more astrocyte apoptosis.

ObjectiveTo establish a central nervous system axonal mechanical transection model in vitro and observe the axonal regeneration style and speed following the transection. MethodsThe cortical explants the mice were cultured in vitro,of which the axon and dendrite parts were marked using immunofluorescence.The model was built by mechanically transecting the axons and removing the severed axons.The axonal regeneration style was observed by tracing the undeveloped cellular bodies adhering to the residual axonal surface.The growth speed of the regenerated axons and normal axons were measured as well.Results ( 1 ) After mechauically transecting the axons of explants,the axonal regeneration was largely founded at the transected line.The undeveloped cellular bodies went over the transected line and spread to the distal area with axonai regeneration. (2) The axonal growth speed was (118 ± 32) μm/d and (72 ±41) μm/d in the transection group,but was (41 ± 17) μm/d and (32 ± 19) μm/d in the control group at 24 and 48 hours respectively. ConclusionThe regeneration style of the transected axons is the extension of the axonal stumps,rather than sprouting growth,and the growth speed is faster than that of the normal axons.