As the people's life quality improved, more and more attention has been paid to indoor air pollution. The SBS (sick building syndrome) resulting from indoor air pollution has become an unavoidable problem in the modern life. Indoor air pollution has been listed as one of the five most dangerous environmental factors to human health. The present paper mainly analysed the prominent indoor air pollutants such as formaldehyde, radon, ammonia, nitrogen oxides and VOCs, which affect indoor air quality, and also pointed out the research direction and the high lights in this field in future.

Objective To evaluate the association between air pollution and daily cardiovascular mortality in Beijing. Methods The daily death data, the meteorological data and the air pollution data from January 1 to December 31, 2003 were collected, the time-series analysis by generalized additive model was used, controlling for long-term trends, seasonal patterns and meteorological variables (temperature, humidity). Results An increase of 10 ?g/m3 of SO2, NO2 and PM10 corresponded to 0.4%(0.1%-0.8%), 1.3%(0.2%-2.4%)and 0.4%(0.2%-0.6%)increase of cardiovascular mortality respectively in Beijing. Conclusion The results of the present paper show that the current level of air pollution is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in Beijing.

Objective To understand the indoor air pollution in Beijing. Methods Based on the data from epi-demiological investigation and air pollution monitoring, the investigation was carried out by choosing 3 districts in Beijing including Dongcheng, Shijingshan and Haidian during Jan-Mar in 2000. 70 houses were selected in each district randomly by cluster sampling, the indoor concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and SO2 in bedroom and kitchen were monitored. The data on concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and SO2, and the environmental conditions of each sampling place were all recorded in the unified questionaires. Results The total average concentrations of pollutants in indoor air of 3 districts were 0. 555 mg/m3 for PM10 and 0. 512 mg/m3 for PM2.5 respectively. The total average concentration of 0.052 mg/ m3 for SO2 was below the ralated National Stardard. The concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in the bedrooms and kitchens in each district all exceeded the related national standards, and revealed no significant differences between bedrooms and kitchens. The SO2 levels in kitchens in Dongcheng District and Haidian District were significantly higher than those in bedrooms(P

In recent years, the potential impairments of water contamination on human health have become a worldwide concern, especially the chronic impairments of organic pollutants in water on human body. The present article reviewed the important epidemiological and toxicological research achievements on the relationship between water contamination and gastric cancer in recent years internal and external, and pointed out the research directions in future.

Objective To evaluate the influence of gaseous combustion products of the natural gas (NG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and coal on the indoor air quality. Methods The three kinds of domestic fuels were burned in the designed experimental rooms and the concentrations of SO2, NO2, CO and formaldehyde in the indoor air were determined according to the standard methods at the same time, the emission characteristics of SO2, NO2, CO in these fuels were analyzed also. Results The emission level of CO was the highest in the four combustion products of all three fuels. According to the average daily usage in general families in China, the emission of CO in the coal combustion was much higher than that in combustion of NG and LPG. The unit emission of CO of the coal for house use could reach 30 136 mg/kg, much higher than LPG(8 725 mg/kg)and NG(2 755 mg/kg). The unit emissions of NO2 of LPG combustion (42.69 mg/kg) was higher than the coal and NG (20.01 mg/kg, 11.87 mg/kg), so in the unventilated rooms it could still make the indoor air quality exceed Chinese indoor air quality standard limits. Conclusion Burn of NG or LPG in the kitchen could also cause indoor air pollution.

Objective To explore the effect of the meteorologic factors on air pollution in the summer in Xian, China. Methods The data of SO2?NO2 and PM10 concentrations in the air and the related meteorologic factors [maximum temperature(tmax), minimum temperature(tmin), average air pressure(P) and relative humidity(H)) from April 1st to June 30th in 2005 were collected. The correlation between the air pollutant level and related meteorologic factors was analyzed by the elements time diagram and multiple regression models with SPSS 11.0 software. Results A significant correlations between the meteorological elements and air pollutants was seen, the regression models for air pollutants were as follows, lnSO2=-3.352+0.019 tmax-0.026 tmin, lnNO2=-3.448-0.003H+0.012 tmax-0.015 tmin and lnPM10=-2.197+0.011 tmax-0.021 tmin. Conclusion The meteorologic factors have some effects on the air pollution levels and then impact human health in some degree.

Objective To determine indoor environmental risk factors for adults asthma.Methods A hospital-based case-control study included 122 adult patients with asthma and 205 community controls was carried out to investigate indoor environmental factors for adult asthma.The data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate unconditional Logistic regression.Results It was revealed in univariate analysis that one-story house,newly decorated house,short of breath hard in newly decorated house,drying the beddings in the sun regularly,no leakage of smoke in kitchen,using coke for heating and using firewood for cooking.Results of the multivariate conditional logistic regressive analysis showed that one-story house and newly decorated house had significant negative correlation with asthma(P

Objective To explore environmental hazards of childhood leukemia and to determine hazardous suspects on childhood leukemia. Methods Using 1∶2 matched case-control study design,50 patients of leukemia and 100 controls selected from the Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical College were investigated during Feb.2005-May 2007. Information was obtained by questionnaires, which included the general social demographic characteristics, disease history, the history of exposure to the materials during the child's mother pregnancy, indoor and outdoor environmental situation and the history of the families. Results The data showed that hazards for childhood leukemia were significantly associated with the history of infection(OR=0.452),diagnostic X-ray exposure (OR=0.157), the history of exposure to the chemical fertilizer and the pesticide during the pregnancy of mother(OR=3.150), the house type(OR=5.162), the nearest distance to the high voltage electricity (OR=2.383) and the radioactive source to the dwelling environment (OR=2.793) were important hazardous factors of the childhood leukemia. Conclusion The history of infection, diagnostic X-ray exposure, the history of exposure to the chemical fertilizer and the pesticide during the pregnancy of mother,the house type, the nearest distance to the high voltage electricity and the radioactive source to the dwelling environment might be the hazardous factors of the childhood leukemia.

The character of exposure-response relationship between particulate matter and population mortality has been one of the critical and difficult problems in air pollution epidemiological study. The character of exposure-response relationship included the shape of the exposure-response relationship and the existence of the threshold concentration. In this paper, the recent relevant researches on the character of exposure-response relationship between particulate matter and population mortality were reviewed. The threshold concentration of particulate matter for mortality was not found and the shape of the exposure-response curve need to be further studied. Now, in China, we are facing a good opportunity for researching the exposure-response relationship between particulate matter and population mortality.

Objective To get knowledge of the indoor air pollution states in the newly renovated apartments in Xi’an city, and explore the relationship among the major pollutants and the relationship between the pollutants and the differences of seasons. Methods From January, 2006 to May, 2007, we randomly selected 138 newly renovated (3 months or less) apartments in the urban area of Xi’an city, tested their indoor (including bedrooms, living room, dining room, kitchen, bathrooms, study, a total of 597) content of formaldehyde, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), ammonia, benzene, toluene and xylene. Results Among which were detected in all of the pollutants, total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and formaldehyde own the highest exceeding rates, respectively 69.8% and 60.8%. They are followed by ammonia, whose exceeding rate is 13.2%, xylene which has the highest exceeding rate among the benzene compounds, 8.7%. We did comparative analysis of the concentration in different types of rooms for the pollutants which are among the top four in exceeding rate ranks, and found that only for formaldehyde, there is significant difference in statistics (P